The article looks at the issue of Roma migration from Slovakia and places it in the context of European post-communist migration in the 1990s and migration from eastern to western Europe in the early 21st century. The article is based mainly on qualitative data that the author and his colleagues collected in the form of migration biographies. The author shows that unlike Roma migration from Bulgaria and Romania to western states, migration from the Czech Republic and Slovakia was a delayed occurrence and culminated eight to ten years after the migration from the Balkan states. However, migration between the Czech Republic and Slovakia was continuous, even after the break up of the Czechoslovak state. This form of migration has been a significant migration flow since 1945. It was initially a form of chain migration, with continuous flows that resulted in the creation of linked networks of relatives in both the source and target countries. The migration bridge that was formed as a result now serves a two-way flow of Roma short-term and long-term migration. The author demonstrates that the formation of migration bridges between Slovakia and western European countries within the European Union is similar in nature to the Roma migration from Slovakia to the Czech Republic after 1945. It is a continuous form of chain migration creating transnational bridges for two-way short-term and long-term migration based on family relationships. The author states that individual settlements in Slovakia choose different migration strategies and there are business activities that make migration from Slovakia easier. He notes that many Roma from Slovakia do not conceive migration from Slovakia as permanent migration. The majority of them continue to see their future in connection with their birthplace in Slovakia. It is only the generation of the children of current migrants who have begun to consider emigrating permanently out of Slovakia.
The article focuses on the development of the labour market in the Czech Republic from the perspective of employment and unemployment between 1998 and 2004. Using data from the Czech Statistical Office, and within a reference framework of EU countries, the authors discuss and analyse the factors that determine unemployment and employment in Czech society. The authors use latent logistic regression to verify the assumption that the odds of unemployment are not evenly distributed across the entire Czech population and to identify three segments of the labour market in the Czech Republic. In each of these three segments the employment and unemployment odds differ, and the factors that determine these odds function differently in each segment.
Party mandate theory claims that parties form government coalitions so that they can fulfil their election promises. This article looks at the party mandate model as applied to the arena of post-communist Europe and at the obstacles that can prevent a party from fulfilling its mandate (the presence of a new type of party, hyperaccountability, short-lived governments). The article describes the findings from a study examining the degree to which socio-economic legislative promises were fulfilled by the second government of Mirek Topolánek, the first government of Petr Nečas, and the (recent) government of Bohuslav Sobotka after a year and a half for all governments, and in the end of the term for Topolánek’s and Nečas’ governments. Coalition parties were found to have fulfilled 19–40% of their election promises after a year and a half in office, and this percentage had only increased slightly by the time the two governments that were studied for the full duration of their time in office had reached the end of their term. Binary logistic regression models revealed that the odds of election promises being fulfilled are greater if a promise is formulated as a commitment to maintain the status quo and if a promise is consensual and included in a coalition agreement. By contrast, there was no effect observed to result from party control of government ministries or from the advantage of being the prime ministerial party.
The article deals with the topic of migration from cities to villages in the Czech Republic and Austria and the opportunities for the social integration of newcomers. It relates partly to the problems of suburbanisation but is not limited to just migration to suburban villages. The analysis is based on a qualitative study conducted in 2003-2004 using grounded theory, and it examines the subjective viewpoints of the incomers and their assessments of their situation. The author reveals two different patterns of motivation for migration, presents a typology of relationships between the incomers and the village community, and distinguishes three basic 'orientations' among the incomers: a village orientation, a city orientation, and an orientation towards self-sufficiency. These specific orientations emerge in the process of mutual interaction between the preferences of the incomers and the integration opportunities offered by particular villages; they are not exclusive and can change over time. The author closes with a summary of the differences between the situation in the Czech Republic and Austria, which may be a result of different structural conditions and different historical backgrounds.
The extreme gravity of the funeral ceremonies in the Czech Republic is due to the diffusion of the biblical models in all the sections of the population. A definitive shift between the traditional european way of celebrating death of a relative and the Christian tradition seems to have occured at the end of the nineteenth century. If it is true that the majority of Czech funerals end with the cremation of the body (a process originally refused by the Catholic Church), it is also true that the funeral ceremony at the present day fully accomplishes the principle of severity provided by the Bible. Today most of the Czech funeral ceremonies consist mainly in listening to pieces of music recommended by the management of crematories. A less controlled (and probably more natural) expression of mouming seems to be almost extinct in the culture of the Czech majority.
Presented article analyzes oral narratives usually defined as contemporary (urban) legends with emphasis on their main characteristics as a folklore genre. The article focuses on definition, terminology and presentation of history of International and Czech research of contemporary legends along with examples of local contemporary narratives. Czech contemporary legends can be characterized as showing clear parallels with East European as well as global folklore repertoire. The most popular Czech cautionary legend was legendary “Black Ambulance”, narrative about mysterious black ambulance kidnapping children, current mainly in 1988 and 1989. Widespread is corpus of comical narratives (“Hilarious Accidents”), in Czech oral transmission popular at least from the 1960s. Narratives showing clear parallels with traditional Czech folklore are relatively lacking in the contemporary Czech repertoire - single exception being cycle of legends about undead Nazi soldier Hagen, popular in tramping movement since the 1980s. Czech contemporary xenophobic narratives deals mainly with Romani (Gypsy) people, “Chinese Restaurant Legends” from global repertoire and anti-Turkish legends from repertoire of German-speaking countries. Newer narratives current from the end of the 1990s show more parallels with international contemporary legends.
Výzkum se zaměřil na možné vztahy mezi lhaním a emoční inteligencí mezi respondenty v České republice. Emoční inteligence souvisí se sebeklamem a detekcí lži, ale její vztah k lhaní zatím dostatečně zkoumán nebyl. Celkem 112 respondentů vyplnilo dotazník pro analýzu klamavého chování a test emoční inteligence TEIQue. ANOVA a regresní analýza ukázaly signifikantní rozdíly ve lhoucím chování, které mohou být ovlivněny globálním rysem emoční inteligence nebo well-being. Výsledky naznačují, že respondenti s nižší emoční inteligencí říkají méně lží a lžou častěji dospělým než dětem. Výzkum může být přínosný pro intervence v pedagogické a forenzní psychologii nebo v rodinné terapii a může pomoci v porozumění proměnným ovlivňujícím klamavé chování. and This study is focused on finding a possible relation between deception and emotional intelligence among respondents in the Czech Republic. Emotional intelligence is related to self-deception and detection of lying, yet there is not enough information on its possible relation to lying behavior itself. A deception behavior survey and the TEIQue inventory were used to analyse deception characteristics and emotional intelligence among 112 respondents. ANOVA and regression analysis revealed significant differences in lying behavior, which might be influenced by the global trait of emotional intelligence or well-being. Results suggest that respondents with lower emotional intelligence use less lies and tend to lie to adults more often than to children. These results might be beneficial for interventions in pedagogical or forensic psychology or in family therapy and can improve our understanding of variables affecting lying behavior.
Czech “tramping” is primary Czech non-political movement and in the same time a pastime which came into existence at the beginning of the 20th century. It interconnected a stay in the countryside with romanticizing inspiration with American Wild West. Emphasis was placed on personal freedom and small amount of organization. It is also characterized by specific literary, musical and graphic production. This paper attempts to analyze specific features
of current campfire legends as a part of modern folk literature. It is based on material collected during a short survey. It seems that narration appearing in “tramping” environment has heavy though not absolute motivic relation to some more general types of narration of the youth such as the campfire legends and motifs related to legend tripping. However, they are spread in the ways characteristic for the youth by people who are much older. There is also a strong connection to the places visited by “tramps”. The existence of the legends is reflected within the movement. The stories can be turned into literature, parodied, or intentionally newly created as folklorism.
Studie podává kritický přehled vývoje československého právního diskursu nad spoluvlastnickým předkupním právem (zákonným předkupním právem spoluvlastníků) od počátku 50. let XX. stol. do současnosti, vztahující se k po delší čas diskutované otázce, zdali také bezplatné převody spoluvlastnického podílu mohou být podřazeny uvedenému spoluvlastnickému předkupnímu právu. Spoluvlastnické předkupní
právo má své kořeny ve starším právu ssutí (retraktu), avšak jeho moderní znovuzrození v českém právním řádu je spojeno se švýcarským Civilním zákoníkem (ZGB) z roku 1912. Jeho vlivem došlo postupně kvelké vlně znovuoživení tohoto institutu napříč Evropou: počínaje Tureckem,Lichtenštejnskem a Ruskem, později se rozšířivší do Československa,Maďarska, Jugoslávie, Bulharska, Norska, Německé demokratické republiky, Litvy, Estonska a jiných zemí. Článek se rovněž zaměřuje na argumentační strategie českých odpůrců institutu, včetně jejich zjednodušujícího nálepkování institutu coby „socialistického“, navzdory
jeho dlouhé historii a přestože představuje stabilní součást právního řádu zemí jako Švýcarsko, Španělsko či Norsko, jakož i navzdory skutečnosti, že ještě mnohem více dalších zemí užívá institut pro některé zvláštní právní vztahy (např. v oblasti zemědělského vlastnictví).Převážně technická otázka po vhodnosti či nevhodnosti institutu a jeho případně možného právního tvaru či variet byla v rámci českého odborného diskursu znesnadňována a narušována vnášením vágních ideologických tvrzení. Článek se kloní k názoru, že spoluvlastnické zákonné předkupní právo může být významným prvkem, zvyšujícím právní jistotu spoluvlastníků.
Mimo jiné jím dochází k vyvažování některých negativních stránek spoluvlastnictví.Postavení spoluvlastníka je stabilnější a právně jistější, což činí spoluvlastnění atraktivnějším zvláště pro malé spoluvlastníky. Z této příčiny článek stručně kritizuje nový zdejší OZ a jím přivozené změny, dalekosáhle omezující tento právní institut a podržující jej v omezené míře pouze pro některé zvláštní právní poměry. and This paper gives a critical overview of the evolution of the Czech and Czechoslovak legal discourse on the legal institute of the statutory pre-emptive rights of co-owners since the 1950s, especially in relation to the long-disputed question as to whether the unpaid property transfers
(gifts) shall be subordinated under this pre-emption. This statutory pre-emptive right has its roots in the older right of retract, but its modern re-emergence in the Czech legal order is connected with the modern Swiss Civil Code of 1907 (1912). Its influence has started a great wave of the revival of
this institute across Europe: starting with Russia, Liechtenstein and Turkey, and later spreading to Czechoslovakia,Hungary,Yugoslavia, Bulgaria,Norway, German Democratic Republic, Lithaunia, Estonia and other countries. The article also focuses on the argumentation strategies of Czech
adversaries of this legal institute, including the simplifiing tactics of labelling it as “socialist” despite of its long history and despite of the fact, that it represents a stable component of the law in countries such as Spain, Switzerland and Norway, and that many more countries are using this institute in certain special legal relationships (especially in agricultural co-ownership). The predominantly technical question of the suitability or non-suitability of this legal institute in its many forms has been largely undermined by the introduction of vague ideological assertions into the scholarly debate in the Czech Republic. The article argues that the statutory pre-emptive rights of co-owners might play an important role in increasing legal certainty of co-owners and, by this, in counterbalancing someof more negative aspects of co-ownership and making it more stable and attractive for small co-owners. For this reason, the paper criticises the new Czech Civil Code and its changes, liquidating this legal institute and retaining it only for two special legal relationships.
This article sets out to identify the factors that have an impact on
mayoral decisions in terms of priorities for municipal development. Data from a survey conducted among Czech mayors in the years 2015 and 2016 (N = 492) are used. The sample consists of answers of mayors from municipalities of all population sizes and the sample is evenly distributed over the area of the Czech Republic. The main aim is to show the impact of geographical context, sociodemographic characteristics, and characteristics connected with political experience on mayors’ preferences for different mayoral agendas. The results of the analyses show that municipal size and the position of a municipality on the urban-suburban-rural gradient have a substantial effect on a mayor’s preference for different mayoral agendas. However, the influence of other observed characteristics cannot be overlooked either