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3042. Autocrine effects of visfatin on hepatocyte sensitivity to insulin action
- Creator:
- Vojtěch Škop, Kontrová, K., Václav Zídek, Michal Pravenec, Ludmila Kazdová, Mikulík, K., Jiří Sajdok, and Jarmila Zídková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulinová rezistence, RNA interference, insulin resistance, visfatin, fao hepatocytes, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Visfatin was originally described as an adipokine with insulin mimetic effects. Recently, it was found that visfatin is identical with the Nampt (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) gene that codes for an intra- and extracellular NAD biosynthetic enzyme and is predominantly expressed outside the adipose tissue. In the current study, we found strong protein and mRNA expression of visfatin in rat heart, liver, kidney, and muscle, while the expression of visfatin in visceral fat was significantly lower and undetectable in subcutaneous fat. The insulin-mimetic effects of visfatin (extracellular form of Nampt or eNampt) are controversial and even less is known about autocrine effects of visfatin (intracellular form of Nampt or iNampt). Since liver plays a major role in glucose metabolism, we studied visfatin effects on insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake in Fao rat hepatocytes using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi-mediated downregulation of visfatin expression in Fao cells was associated with significantly reduced NAD biosynthesis (0.3±0.01 vs. 0.5±0.01 mmol/h/g, P<0.05) and with significantly decreased incremental glucose uptake after stimulation with insulin when compared to controls with normal expression of visfatin (0.6±0.2 vs. 2.2±0.5 nnmol/g/2 h, P=0.02). These results provide evidence that visfatin exhibits important autocrine effects on sensitivity of liver cells to insulin action possibly through its effects on NAD biosynthesis., V. Škop ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3043. Autofluorescence in the oocyst of marine and freshwater fish coccidia
- Creator:
- Davies, Angela and Stewart, Barbara
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3044. Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women with Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer
- Creator:
- Jiskra, J., Límanová, Z. , Barkmanová, J., Smutek, D., and Friedmannová, Z.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Breast cancer, Thyroid autoantibodies, and Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in three groups of women (66 with breast cancer (CaB), 68 with colorectal cancer (CaC) and 49 without oncological diseases as a control group). Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), antibodies to thyroglobulin (TGB-ab) and thyroperoxidase (TPO-ab) and tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3 and CA 19-9 were investigated in all subjects by using the chemiluminiscence method. In contrast to Graves’ disease (no observed case), autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 24.2 % women with CaB (4.5 % euthyroid and 19.7 % with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism), compared to 16.7 % in women with CaC (2.0 % euthyroid and 14.7 % with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism) and 16.2 % controls (4.0 % euthyroid and 12.2 % with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism). Serum levels of TGB-ab were higher in the group with breast cancer as compared to those with colorectal cancer and the control group (medians: 35.80 vs. 31.75 vs. 27.70, p<0.001). Similarly, the percentage of positive TGB-ab and TPO-ab serum levels was higher in women with breast cancer as compared to those with colorectal cancer and the control group. The results of the study support the controversial theory that there is an increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in women with breast cancer.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3045. Autoimunitní encefalitidy
- Creator:
- Krýsl, David and Elišák, M.
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, biography, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- encefalitida--diagnóza--imunologie--klasifikace--patofyziologie--terapie, příznaky a symptomy, protilátky--imunologie--klasifikace, autoimunitní nemoci--imunologie--klasifikace, nemoci centrálního nervového systému--imunologie--klasifikace, limbická encefalitida--imunologie--klasifikace--patofyziologie, autoimunitní nemoci nervového systému--imunologie--klasifikace, syndrom celkového ztuhnutí--etiologie--patofyziologie, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Autoimunitní encefalitidy jsou akutní či subakutní monofázická nebo progresivní zánětlivá onemocnění CNS podmíněná autoimunitními mechanizmy (působením patogenních autoprotilátek nebo autoagresivních efektorových buněk). Mezi autoimunitní encefalitidy lze řadit klasické paraneoplastické syndromy s postižením CNS, limbické encefalitidy, anti‑NMDAR encefalitidu, Morvanův syndrom, Rasmussenovu encefalitidu, onemocnění z okruhu Stiff‑Person Syndromu včetně progresivní encefalomyelitidy s rigiditou a myoklonem, akutní autoimunitně podmíněné extrapyramidové poruchy hybnosti, encephalitis lethargica, neurologické syndromy se zvýšenou senzitivitou vůči glutenu a další. V posledních letech prodělala tato oblast neuroimunologie prudký rozvoj. Byly popsány nové syndromy, upřesněny klinické projevy a etiopatogenetické mechanizmy některých již známých chorob a identifikována řada nových typů protilátek. Tato minimonografie si klade za cíl podat ucelený přehled současných znalostí v oblasti autoimunitních encefalitid a umožnit tak klinikům snazší orientaci v této oblasti neurologie., Autoimmune encephalitis is a term used to describe a group of acute or subacute monophasic or progressive inflammatory CNS disorders with autoimmune pathogenesis (i.e. induced by pathogenic autoantibodies or autoreactive effector cells). This group includes such diverse conditions as paraneoplastic CNS syndromes, limbic encephalitis, anti-NMDAR encephalitis, Morvan’s syndrome, Rasmussen encephalitis, stiff-person syndrome spectrum disorders including progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, autoimmune movement disorders, encephalitis lethargica, neurological syndromes with increased sensitivity to gluten, etc. This area of neuroimmunology has evolved dynamically during the past 10 years. Many new syndromes have been described, understanding of pathogenesis of the already known syndromes has improved and new antibodies were identified. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge in the field of autoimmune encephalitis in order to help clinicians navigate the rough waters of this exciting area of neurology. Key words: autoimmune diseases – autoantibodies – encephalitis – paraneoplastic syndromes –limbic encephalitis – anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis – epilepsy The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., Vědomostní test, and D. Krýsl, M. Elišák
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3046. Autoimunitní pankreatitida – diagnostický konsenzus
- Creator:
- Dítě, Petr, Novotný, Ivo, Kianička, Bohuslav, Rydlo, Martin, Nechutová, Hana, Martínek, Arnošt, Uvírová, Magdalena, Bojková, Martina, and Dvořáčková, Jana
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- pankreatitida--diagnóza--klasifikace--patofyziologie, konsensus, autoimunitní nemoci--diagnóza--patofyziologie, počítačová rentgenová tomografie--využití, cholangiopankreatografie endoskopická retrográdní, pankreas--anatomie a histologie--patofyziologie, vývody pankreatu--anatomie a histologie--patofyziologie, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma, senzitivita a specificita, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Autoimunitní forma pankreatitidy patří mezi specifickou formu onemocnění slinivky břišní s významným podílem autoimunitní složky v etiopatogenezi. V současné době existují 2 formy onemocnění, které jsou definované klinicky i histomorfologicky a jsou laboratorně popsány. Přes řadu společných rysů histomorfologických se obě formy zásadně odlišují přítomností tzv. endoteliálních granulárních lézí (GEL) u typu 2, resp. absencí GEL u typu 1. Abundantní přítomnost gamaglobulinu a imunoglobulinu G4 charakterizuje 1. formu nemoci, podobně jako častá přítomnost IgG4 pozitivních extrapankreatických lézí. Subtyp 2 bývá typicky spojen s nálezem idiopatických střevních zánětů, především ulcerózní kolitidy. Oba typy autoimunitní pankreatitidy se vyznačují rychlou odpovědí na terapii steroidy. Vzhledem k různým diagnostickým kritériím autoimunitní formy pankreatitidy byl v roce 2011 zveřejněn diagnostický konsenzus sjednocující stávající kritéria a vycházející z klinických symptomů, biochemických nálezů, nálezů při použití zobrazovacích metod, histomorfologie žlázy a pozitivní odezvy na podání steroidů. Stálým problémem zůstává včasná diferenciální diagnostika mezi fokální formou autoimunitní pankreatitidy a karcinomem hlavy pankreatu. MRI/CT, MRCP a v Japonsku ERCP, s cílenou biopsií žlázy pod EUS kontrolou, jsou doporučeny jako metody volby., The autoimmune type of pancreatitis represents the specific disease of pancreas, with significant contribution of autoimmune processes in its etiopathogenesis. Currently, there are two proved subtypes of this particular pancreatopathy, which are defined clinically, histomorphologically and serologically. They have many histomorphological signs in common, but differ in the presence of so-called granulocytic epithelial lesions (GEL), which are absent in subtype 1. The subtype 1 is characterized by the presence of gammaglobulines, esp. immunoglobuline G4 and IgG4 positive extrapancreatic lesions. The subtype 2 is typically associated with the inflammatory bowel diseases, esp. ulcerative colitis. But the common characteristic of both subtypes is the fact response to applied steroid treatment. Due to diverse diagnostic criteria in the past, in 2011 the consensus for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis was announced. It is based on clinical symptoms, biochemical results, the results got by using of imaging methods, histomorphology and positive response to steroid treatment. The matter to be solved is the question of early differential diagnosis between focal autoimmune pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma of pancreatic head. From imaging methods are MRI/CT, MRCP (in Asia ERCP), EUS with targeted biopsy of the gland (under EUS control), are recommended as the methods of choice., and Petr Dítě, Ivo Novotný, Bohuslav Kianička, Martin Rydlo, Hana Nechutová, Arnošt Martínek, Magdalena Uvírová, Martina Bojková, Jana Dvořáčková
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3047. Autoimunitní polyglandulární syndromy: klinické aspekty
- Creator:
- Vondra, Karel
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- autoimunitní polyglandulární syndromy--diagnóza--terapie, diabetes mellitus 1. typu--diagnóza--terapie, tyreoiditida autoimunitní--diagnóza--terapie, Addisonova nemoc--diagnóza--terapie, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Probrána stručně historie autoimunitních polyglandulárních syndromů (APS) a základní charakteristiky typů 1 a 2. Podrobněji jsou uvedeny klinické aspekty mnohem hojnějšího typu 2 z pohledu endokrinologické a diabetologické praxe. Stručně jsou zmíněny přístupy k diagnóze preklinického, subklinického a manifestního stadia hlavních onemocnění vyskytujících se společně v rámci APS. Zmíněny i léčebné aspekty a jejich úskalí dané kombinací různých endokrinních i neendokrinních autoimunitních onemocnění. Zdůrazněna je skutečnost, že péče o nemocné s APS je celoživotní a zdravotní stav pacientů bývá většinou značně komplikovaný. V některých případech kombinace různých chorobných stavů může vést až k plné invalidizaci postiženého., Karel Vondra, and Lit. 13
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3048. Automamatic detection of discontinuities in the station position time series of the reprocessed global GNSS network using bernese GNSS software
- Creator:
- Najder, Joanna
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- GNSS coordinates, time series analysis, discontinuity detection, velocity changes, station displacements, ITRF, FODITS, and JPL
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- For over 25 years, the International GNSS Service (IGS) has been processing observational data from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). Hence, long time series of station coordinates are available, however, they are burdened with discontinuities, station velocity changes, and gross errors. Discontinuities and periodic variations are caused by equipment changes at stations, earthquakes, geophysical processes, data problems, as well as local environmental changes. As a result, many approaches have been identified that identify and remove discontinuities in the GNSS coordinate time series. One of them is the program Finding Outliers and Discontinuities In Time Series (FODITS) implemented in the Bernese GNSS Software environment (Dach et al., 2015), developed by the Astronomical Institute, University of Bern. The program is designed for the automatic analysis of time series, in which the functional model is adapted to the time series of coordinates depending on the adopted parameters. This study presents the analysis of long-term GNSS coordinate time series reprocessed in the framework of the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014) using the FODITS program. The results show that the optimum confidence level for the autonomous detection of station discontinuities in FODITS is 99% and 98%, for 7-day and 3-day GNSS solutions, respectively, when compared to the manual discontinuity detection from ITRF2014. However, the manual analysis unsupported by statistical tests as conducted in ITRF2014 may contain errors over which further elaboration is indispensable. On the other hand, routine interpretation of GNSS coordinate time series in a fully autonomous manner, although much faster, is not free from drawbacks, in particular in detecting appropriate epochs of discontinuities and changes in station velocities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3049. Automata with modulo counters and nondeterministic counter bounds
- Creator:
- Reidenbach, Daniel and Markus, L. Schmid
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- multi-head automata, counter automata, modulo counters, stateless automata, and restricted nondeterminism
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We introduce and investigate Nondeterministically Bounded Modulo Counter Automata (NBMCA), which are two-way multi-head automata that comprise a constant number of modulo counters, where the counter bounds are nondeterministically guessed, and this is the only element of nondeterminism. NBMCA are tailored to recognising those languages that are characterised by the existence of a specific factorisation of their words, e. g., pattern languages. In this work, we subject NBMCA to a theoretically sound analysis.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3050. Automata with two-sided pushdowns defined over free groups generated by reduced alphabets
- Creator:
- Blatný, Petr, Bidlo, Radek, and Meduna, Alexander
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- pushdown automata, modifications, and recursively enumerable languages
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper introduces and discusses a modification of pushdown automata. This modification is based on two-sided pushdowns into which symbols are pushed from both ends. These pushdowns are defined over free groups, not free monoids, and they can be shortened only by the standard group reduction. We demonstrate that these automata characterize the family of recursively enumerable languages even if the free groups are generated by no more than four symbols.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public