Cíl práce: Aktuální pohled na těhotné s roztroušenou sklerózou (RS), analýza výsledků těhotenství těchto nemocných ve FN Motol v letech 2003-2011. Typ studie: Retrospektivní analýza Soubor a metodika: Analýza 76 těhotenství pacientek s relaps-remitentní formou roztroušené sklerózy – posouzení vlivu gravidity na aktivitu onemocnění (použitá analgezie a laktace ve vztahu ke vzniku akutní ataky) a naopak vlivu onemocnění na průběh těhotenství (komplikace, vedení porodu a perinatální výsledky). Výsledky: Akutní ataka v graviditě se v souboru 76 žen vyskytla u 4 z nich (5,3 %, RR 0,08), do půl roku po porodu jsme akutní ataku zaznamenali u 17 žen (22,4 %, RR 0,46). Ataku mělo 18,4 % kojících žen (9/49) ve srovnání s 33,3 % žen (8/24), které nekojily, p = 0,2375 (OR = 0,45, 95 % CI 0,15-1,37). Epidurální analgezii k porodu mělo 13,6 % žen (3/22) s akutní atakou, 25,9 % žen (14/54) s atakou po porodu bylo bez analgezie, p = 0,3648 (OR = 0,45,95 % CI 0,12-1,76). Zhoršení choroby jsme neprokázali (EDSS 1,4, resp. EDSS 1,6). 75 % těhotenství bylo ukončeno nekomplikovaným vaginálním porodem. Výskyt závažných těhotenských komplikací nebyl zvýšen a perinatální výsledky byly srovnatelné s běžnou populací. Závěr: V souladu s recentními studiemi prokazujeme v našem souboru pokles aktivity choroby v graviditě s nárůstem počtu akutních atak po porodu. Ke zhoršení či progresi onemocnění však během 12 měsíců po porodu nedochází. Kojení ani použití epidurální analgezie nemá na vznik akutní ataky vliv, těhotenství probíhají ve většině případů fyziologicky, vedení porodu a novorozenecké výsledky se neliší od běžné populace. Gravidita je tedy pro stabilizované pacientky s relaps-remitentní formou RS bezpečná., Objective: Current view on pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS), the analysis of pregnancy outcomes of these women with MS in the Motol Hospital in the years 2003-2011. Design: Retrospective analysis Methods: Analysis of 76 pregnant women with MS – to assess the impact of pregnancy on the activity of the disease (breastfeeding and used analgesia in relation on the relapse rate post partum) and the impact of the disease on the course of pregnancy (pregnancy complications, differences in the management of labor, and perinatal outcomes). Results: Relapse during pregnancy occurred in 4 out of the 76 women (5.3% relapse rate – RR 0.08). 17 women experienced a post partum relapse in the first six months after delivery (22.4%, RR 0.46). 18.4% breastfeeding women (9/49, 18.4%) had post partum relapse in comparison with 33.3% women, who did not breastfeed (8/24, 33.3%), p = 0.2375 (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.15-1.37). 13.6% women (3/22, 13.6%) with post partum relapse used epidural analgesia (EDA), 25.9% women (14/54, 25.9%) with relapse did not used it, p = 0.3648 (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.12-1.76). Pregnancy did not influence the progress of disability (EDSS 1.4 or EDSS 1.6). 75% women had uncomplicated vaginal delivery, the incidence of serious pregnancy complications was not increased, and the perinatal outcomes are comparable with the general population. Conclusion: Consistent with recent studies, we evaluated decreasing relapse rate during pregnancy. In the post partum period the relapse rate has increased, however the pregnancy did not influence the disability progress in 12 months postpartum. Neither breastfeeding nor epidural analgesia correlated with presence of post partum relapses. In most cases, the pregnancies in patients with MS were physiological, the method of delivery and the overall perinatal outcomes are comparable with the general population. There is no need to worry about pregnancy in stabilized patients with MS., P. Hanulíková, R. Vlk, E. Meluzínová, L. Rob, and Literatura
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum. The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 20052009 years. Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years 54 patients, 60 and above years. The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurativeinflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%). The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients. The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same., H. B. Bobokulov, A. M. Hakimov, and Literatura
The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipoor aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga traced from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result., Mirzahmedov M. M., Ahmedov M. A., Sapaev D. A., and Literatura
Competencies develop and changes throughout a persons life, they can gain or lose, going through various age stages. Their development does not end in youth, but continue on through the adult life. The ability to thing and reflect those thoughts specifically come forward in the center of structure of competency, which grows at the same time as the individual matures. One of the competency types is health competency. Health competency is a relatively new concept; it is not sufficiently researched. Aim of the study was to determine the factors of an adult individual health competency. 827 respondents participated in the study, in the processing of data was used SPSS. Was used factor analysis, analysis of variance with ANOVA and KruskalWallis test and Pearsons correlation. It was found that health competency is affected by several factors. These are: health education, health behavior, and the value of the environment. Each of the sets was distributed to key factors. It is the main factors affecting the health competence, but additional factors are: gender, education and income., Inara Upmale, Andrejs Geske, and Literatura
Aim of investigation: to study immediate and remote results of standard and extended lymphodissection in patients with rectal cancer. Material and methods: 132 patients with rectal cancer were performed radical surgery with lymphodissection in D2 and D3 volume according to a height of tumor location. In immediate postoperated period there were noted complications in 4 patients that made up 3,03%. Observation time was 5 years. Tumor recurrence was reported in 5 patients (3,8%). In remote period metastases were revealed in 8 patients (6,6%). 5year total survival rate was 78,5±4,2% at stage II. 5year total survival rate was 56,4±3,7% at stage III. Comparing the results of standard and extended lymphodissection it was noted statistically authentic increase of 5 year survival rate in patients at stage III. Obtained data allow to come to the conclusion about reasonability of performance of different variants of lymphodissection for patients with rectal cancer at stages II and III., Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Akbarov E. T., Navruzov B. S., Islamov H. D., and Literatura
This article presents the author's technique and experience in the treatment of the flaccid "unhappy buttock" form with his surgical procedure of buttock lift by suture, without incision scars. The author first presented this new operation technique on a national level at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the National Bulgarian Society for Aesthetic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine in Sofia on March 18, 1994 [1] and internationally at many scientific meetings over the world [2, 3, 4 ]. The result is a visual change in the buttock position to a higher one, which elongates the lower limbs and changes the proportions between lower and upper half of the body. The aim of this study is to describe a miniinvasive procedure of beautification of the buttock form without scars by creating a lifting effect on the buttock's subcutaneous tissue, using a suture that takes the inferiorly positioned deep fibrose tissue and fixes it upwards to the sacrocutaneous fascia, discovered by the author. Aesthetic and technical considerations required properly sculpting the buttocks into a higher position, demonstrating nicely rounded form. Preoperative shape is discussed and patient evaluations, operative techniques, postoperative management and results after 4 years of experience are emphasized. 1032 female patients, and 26 male patients aged 1862 years, with ptosis and cellulite on the buttocks were treated since 1993 on an outpatient basis by the "Serdev suture technique without visible scars". Important instrumentarium is a long, curved, elastic needle and Polycon semielastic Bulgarian antimicrobial polycaproamide long term (in 2 years) absorbable surgical threads Polycon, produced in Bulgaria. This operation has been performed either alone or after ultrasonic assisted liposculpture (UAL) that reduces the amount of fat and heaviness. All patients reported a high degree of satisfaction. A stable improvement in the buttock position and form was observed for the period described. In the postoperative period the complication rate was minimal and resolved in the first 45 days post operative period. The skin puncture in the perianal zone makes antibiotic prophylaxis obligatory as well as a strict follow up for the first 7 days. Some pain in the sitting position was observed for at least 5 to 10 days, but all other social and professional duties and activities were possible. This outpatient procedure is effective in the correction of buttock laxity and ptosis and creates a new form, universally accepted as "happy buttocks"., Nikolay P. Serdev, and Literatura
Ultrazvukové vyšetrenie maternice po pôrode zahŕňa niektoré špecifiká, ktoré vyplývajú z rýchlo sa meniacich rozmerov maternice, ale aj compliance pacientky vo včasnom šestonedelí. Pri riešení popôrodných komplikácií je potrebné poznať normálny ultrazvukový nález, dynamické zmeny maternice v priebehu šestonedelia, aby sme vedeli lepšie rozpoznať patologický priebeh od normálneho priebehu šestonedelia. Klinický význam ultrazvukového posúdenia veľkosti maternice ako aj oblasti jazvy po cisárskom reze v priebehu šestonedelia doteraz nie je dostatočne popísaný. Prehľadový článok rozoberá špecifiká ultrazvukovej diagnostiky po vaginálnom pôrode a cisárskom reze. Autori článku prezentujú jednoduchú techniku vyšetrenia maternice po pôrode., Ultrasound examination of the uterus after delivery includes some features which result from rapidly changing dimensions of the uterus, but also patient compliance in the early puerperium. In dealing with postpartum complications is necessary to know the normal ultrasound findings, the dynamic changes in the uterus during the puerperium, so we can better recognize the pathological process during the normal puerperium. The clinical significance of ultrasound assessment of uterine size and the scar after Cesarean section during the puerperium have not been yet sufficiently described. Review article discusses the specifics of diagnostic ultrasound following vaginal delivery and Cesarean section. Authors of the article presents a simple technique of the uterus examination after childbirth., Erik Dosedla, Pavel Calda, and Literatura 42
Bor a jeho sloučeniny byly zařazeny díky Nařízení Evropské komise č. 1907/2006 (REACH) do skupiny látek negativně ovlivňující reprodukci a vývoj plodu. To vyvolalo potřebu shrnout současné poznatky o jeho toxicitě a užití v medicíně během těhotenství a laktace. Akutní i chronická toxicita sloučenin boru je nízká. Otravy byly popsány jen ve výjimečných případech. Reprodukční toxicita zahrnuje v pokuse na zvířeti poškození spermatogenese a možnost vzniku vrozených vývojových vad obvykle za situace, kdy matka vykazuje známky toxického poškození. Práce rovněž shrnuje publikované klinické studie o vlivu kyseliny borité na vývoj plodu. Dle publikovaných výsledků studií nedosahuje expozice u člověka takových hodnot, aby k poškození reprodukce a plodu došlo. Protože užití jakéhokoli léku v těhotenství a laktaci musí být opodstatněné a profit musí převládat nad rizikem, shrnuje práce i studie, které se zabývají účinností kyseliny borité ve srovnání s jinými antimykotiky. Pro léčbu mykóz lze užít lokálně působící nystatin, případně klotrimazol, nebo mikonazol, výjimečně perorálně flukonazol v nízkých dávkách. Účinnost kyseliny borité je srovnatelná, případně vyšší, při léčbě rezistentních kmenů. Výhodou je i její nízká cena. Na závěr je třeba zdůraznit, že užití jakéhokoli přípravku během 1. trimestru by mělo být podloženo naléhavou potřebou léčby., The European Union Regulation REACH (No. 1907/2006) classified of boron and its compounds in the group adversely affecting reproduction and fetal development raised the need to to summarize findings about its toxicity and use in medicine during pregnancy and lactation. Acute and chronic toxicity of boron compounds is low. Intoxications were reported only in exceptional circumstances. In animals, reproductive toxicity includes the damage to spermatogenesis and the possibility of congenital defects usually in doses causing maternal toxicity. The work also summarizes the published clinical studies on the effect of boric acid on fetal development. According to the published results of studies, the human exposure does not reach of such values that the reproduction and fetal damage occurred. Since the use of any drug in pregnancy and lactation must be justified and profit must prevail over the risk, the work summarizes studies on the effect of boric acid as compared to other antifungal agents. Nystatin, clotrimazole, or miconazole, fluconazole can be used topically for the treatment of fungal infections, applied p.o. exceptionally in low doses, only. The effectiveness of boric acid is comparable or higher in resistant strains. Low price is an advantage. Finally, it should be emphasized that the use of any drug during the 1st trimester should be supported by the urgent need of treatment., Eva Maňáková, Lucie Hubičková Heringová, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem práce bylo validizovat diagnostické prvky ošetřovatelské diagnózy Úzkost 00146 vybraným souborem porodních asistentek-expertek a zjistit, které diagnostické prvky porodní asistentky považují za hlavní, a které za vedlejší. Metody a soubor: Pro obsahovou validizaci byl využit Fehringův model validity diagnostického obsahu (Diagnostic Content Validity Model). Soubor tvořilo 34 porodních asistentek-expertek. Za expertky byly považovány porodní asistentky, které získaly minimálně 4 body podle modifi kovaných Fehringových kritérií. Porodní asistentky-expertky splňovaly kritérium bakalářského stupně vzdělání v oboru porodní asistence nebo s minimální délkou praxe na porodním sále 5 let. Pro posouzení významnosti diagnostických prvků byl použit měřící nástroj (záznamový arch) obsahující 79 položek – diagnostických prvků uvedených v klasifi kačním systému NANDA-International. Výsledky: Za hlavní určující znaky (vážené skóre vyšší než 0,75) považovaly porodní asistentky-expertky vnitřní nepokoj (vážené skóre 0,76), zvýšení tlaku krve (0,75), tachykardie (0,75), tachypnoe (0,75) a hlavní související faktor ohrožení v postavení role ve zdravotním stavu (0,76). Závěr: Z výsledků výzkumu vyplývá, že porodní asistentky-expertky považují (z celkového nabízeného počtu 79 diagnostických prvků) pro celkové posouzení stavu klientky-rodičky přicházející na porodní sál k porodu pouze 5 z nich za hlavní., Aim: The aim of the work was to validate diagnostic elements of the nursing diagnosis Anxiety 00146 by a selected sample of experts-midwives in the Czech Republic, and see which diagnostic elements they consider major and minor. Methods: The study followed Fehring Diagnostic Content Validity Model. A set of experts included 34 midwives from the Czech Republic who received at least 4 points according to the modified Fehring criteria. Experts had bachelor’s degree in midwifery or minimal fi ve years of clinical practice. For accessing the significance of diagnostic elements we built a measurement instrument containing 79 items – the diagnostic elements listed in the classification system of NANDA-International. Results: Out of the 79 defining characteristics considered by experts-midwives five characteristics were described as major (score ≥ 0,75): internal restlessness (0,76), increased blood pressure (0,75), tachycardia (0,75), tachypnea (0,75), threats to the status of role in health (0,76). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that midwives consider only five defining characteristics as major for assesing anxiety of mothers coming to the delivery room for delivery., Štěpánka Bubeníková, Věra Vránová, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem šetření bylo zjistit vliv kognitivní výkonnosti seniorů s demencí na jejich soběstačnost. Metodika: Výběrový soubor byl sestaven ze 106 seniorů (30 mužů a 76 žen, průměrný věk 83,25), u kterých byla potvrzena diagnóza demence. Statistická analýza byla provedena softwarem SPSS verze 10.0. Testování měřících nástrojů Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) a Dotazníku soběstačnosti (DAD-CZ) probíhalo u seniorů žijících ve třech sociálních zařízeních. Pro testování vztahů a závislosti byl použit ANOVA test a Spearmanův korelační koeficient. Statistické testy byly hodnoceny na hladině významnosti α = 0,05. Výsledky: Naše studie potvrdila signifikantní vztahy mezi dotazníky MMSE a DAD (rs = 0,7619, p = 0,001) a současně byly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly v hodnocení soběstačnosti v závislosti na věku seniorů. Věk, vzdělání a pohlaví neměly vliv na výsledné hodnoty testu MMSE. Závěr: Výskyt kognitivních poruch je u starších osob poměrně častý. Problematika hodnocení soběstačnosti a kognitivních funkcí proto nesmí být opomíjenou oblastí v péči o seniory ani v zařízeních dlouhodobé péče. Pozdní detekce kognitivních poruch zhoršuje soběstačnost seniorů, která velmi často vede k rostoucí izolaci a větší závislosti a v konečném důsledku může vést k snížení kvality života., Aim: The aim of the investigation was to determine the influence of cognitive efficiency of the elderly with dementia on their self-sufficiency. Methods: The sample consisted of 106 elderly (30 men and 76 women, average age 83,25), with confirmed dementia. Statistical analysis was performed by software SPSS version 10.0. Testing of measuring tools Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Self-sufficiency questionnaire (DAD-CZ) took place in the elderly living in three social settings. To test the relationship and dependencies the ANOVA test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. Statistical tests were evaluated at a significance level α = 0,05. Results: Our study confirmed the significant relationship between MMSE and DAD (rs = 0,7619, p = 0,001) and also were found statistically significant differences in self-evaluation depending on the age of elderly. Age, education and gender had no impact on the resulting value of the MMSE test. Conclusion: The incidence of cognitive impairment in the elderly is relatively common. The problematics with self-sufficiency and cognitive functions should not therefore be neglected area in caring for the elderly even in the long-term-care facilities. Late detection of cognitive impairment worsens self-sufficiency of elderly, which very often leads to increased isolation and increased dependency and ultimately can lead to reduced quality of life., Radka Kozáková, Lucie Bártová, and Literatura 17