Autoři prezentují zajímavou kazuistiku týkající se bolesti v orofaciální oblasti. Z uvedeného případu vyplývá složitá diferenciální diagnostika etiologie potíží v této oblasti a dobrý efekt byť jen symptomatické léčby., Authors present an interesting case report concerning a pain in the orofacial area. Complex differential diagnostics of the aetiology of the complaint in this area and a good effect of mere symptomatic treatment result from the said case., and Richard Kaňa, Rastislav Šramko, Alena Polcrová
In previous studies, it has been shown that recombinant human neuregulin-1(rhNRG-1) is capable of improving the survival rate in animal models of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy; however, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this study, the role of rhNRG-1 in attenuating doxorubicin-induce apoptosis is confirmed. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were subjected to various treatments, in order to both induce apoptosis and determine the effects of rhNRG-1 on the process. Activation of apoptosis was determined by observing increases in the protein levels of classic apoptosis markers (including cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c, Bcl-2, BAX and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining). The activation of Akt was detected by means of western blot analysis. The study results showed that doxorubicin increased the number of TUNEL positive cells, as well as the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c, and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. However, all of these effects were markedly antagonized by pretreament with rhNRG-1. It was then further demonstrated that the effects of rhNRG-1 could be blocked by the phosphoinositole-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, indicating the involvement of the Akt process in mediating the process. RhNRG-1 is a potent inhibitor of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, which acts through the PI3K-Akt pathway. RhNRG-1 is a novel therapeutic drug which may be effective in preventing further damage from occurring in DOX-induced damaged myocardium., T. An, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This paper deals with the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems by LOLIMOT algorithm, which allows to gradually build the neuro-fuzzy model of the identified system. The mathematical model as well as the identification algorithm for MISO and MIMO systems are described. The methodology is demonstrated on several examples. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The aim of this paper consists in using one of the emergent techniques which proves its capability of improving performances of several systems, called "neuro-fuzzy", in order to reduce the chattering phenomenon and also to perform the control obtained with fuzzy sliding mode control. In fact, after determining the decoupled model of the motor, a set of simple surfaces and associated a smooth control function with a threshold have been synthesized. However, the magnitude of this control function depends closely on the upper bound of uncertainties, which include parameter variations and external disturbances, and this generates chattering. Usually, the upper bound of uncertainties is difficult to be known before motor operation, so a fuzzy sliding mode controller is investigated to solve this difficulty and in which a simple fuzzy inference mechanism is used to reduce the chattering phenomenon by simple adjustments. In order to optimize the control performances and ensure a significant reduction of chattering compare with ones obtained in the previous fuzzy sliding mode, we propose in this paper to use adaptive predictive neural approach to regulate the speed of the motor. The neural control algorithm is provided with the predicted system output which is the speed variable via a recursive on line identification of the overall system which is based on a static feed forward linear network with one hidden layer. The predicted data are passed to a numerical optimization algorithm which attempts to minimize a quadratic performance criterion to compute the suitable control signal.
Artificial Neural Networks have gained increasing popularity as an alternative to statistical methods for classification of remote sensed images. The superiority of neural networks is that, if they are trained with representative training samples they show improvement over statistical methods in terms of overall accuracies. However, if the distribution functions of the information classes are known, statistical classification algorithms work very well. To retain the advantages of both the classifiers, decision fusion is used to integrate the decisions of individual classifiers. In this paper a new unsupervised neural network has been proposed for the classification of multispectral images. Classification is initially achieved using Maximum Likelihood and Minimum-Distance-to-Means classifier followed by neural network classifier and the decisions of these classifiers are fused in the decision fusion center implemented using Majority-Voting technique. The results show that the scheme is effective in terms of increased classification accuracies (98%) compared to the conventional methods.
Depression is a complex disorder related to chronic inflammatory processes, chronic stress changes and a hippocampal response. There is a increasing knowledge about the role of glial cells in nutrient supply to neurons, maintenance of synaptic contacts and tissue homeostasis within the CNS. Glial cells, viewed in the past as passive elements with a limited influence on neuronal function, are becoming recognized as active partners of neurons and are starting to be discussed as a possible therapeutic target. Their role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is also being reconsidered. Attention is devoted to studies of the different types of antidepressants and their effects on transmembrane signaling, including levels of α subunits of G proteins in C6 glioma cells in vitro as a model of postsynaptic changes in vivo. These models indicate similarities in antidepressant effects on G proteins of brain cells and effector cells of natural immunity, natural killers and granulocytes. Thus, an antidepressant response can exhibit certain common characteristics in functionally different systems which also participate in disease pathogenesis. There are, however, differences in the astrocyte G-protein responses to antidepressant treatment, indicating that antidepressants differ in their effect on glial signalization. Today mainstream approach to neurobiological basis of depressive disorders and other mood illnesses is linked to abnormalities in transmembrane signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors. Intracellular signalization cascade modulation results in the activation of transcription factors with subsequent increased production of a wide array of products including growth factors and to changes in cellular activity and reactivity., M. Páv, H. Kovářů, A. Fišerová, E. Havrdová, V. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Klíšťové neuroinfekce jsou u dětí se základní onkologickou diagnózou v anamnéze vzácné a cesta ke stanovení diagnózy může být komplikovaná pro podezření na recidivu základního onemocnění. A vice versa, navzdory příznakům pro neuroborreliózu typickým, včetně přisátí klíštěte a údaji o časné lokalizované formě borreliózy – erythema migrans, patří u dětí do diferenciální diagnostiky i nádory CNS., Tick‑borne neuroinfections are rare among children with oncologic diagnosis. Nevertheless, the diagnostic procedure may be more complicated due to suspicion of the relapse of the primary illness. Despite typical symptoms of neuroborreliosis, including tick bite and early localized borreliosis – erythema migrans, tumours of central nervous system have to be taken into account for the differential diagnosis in childhood., and L. Krbková, L. Klapačová, P. Mikolášek, M. Charvátová, I. Červinková, J. Bednářová
Článek přináší přehled možností současné neurochirurgie v diagnostice a operační léčbě nádorů mozku, popisuje management pacienta, některé rozhodovací algoritmy z pohledu neurochirurga a využití dostupných technických zařízení a postupů přispívajících k bezpečnější a zároveň radikálnější operativě., The article presents an overview of the current possibilities of neurosurgery in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of brain tumors, describes the management of the patient, some decision-making algorithms from the perspective of a neurosurgeon and the use of available technical equipment and procedures that contribute to safer and more radical surgery., Štefan Regulim, Radim Lipina, Tomáš Hrbáč, and Lit.: 8