Pulse wave analysis permits non-invasive assessment of arterial elasticity indices. The contour varies in different parts of the circulation. It depends on physiological or pathophysiological conditions of the organism. The pathological events like arteriosclerosis or diabetes have a primary effect to the artery elasticity. Hypertension or some heart diseases al so influence the pulse wave velocity and resulted in earlier wave reflections. There are several methods of pulse wave measurements based on different principles and depending on the type of measured pulse wave. The evaluation parameters can be assessed from the time domain, derivations, velocity or frequency domain. The main aim of this review article is to offer a recent overview of pulse wave measurement parameters and main results obtained. The principles of pulse wave measurement and current experience in clinical practice are shortly discussed too., D. Korpas, J. Hálek, L. Doležal., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The effects of temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C on the duration of premating and preoviposition periods of Harmonia axyridis reared on the aphid Aphis fabae, were compared in the laboratory. The course of oviposition was monitored at 25°C in females reared on Aphis fabae and the peak of egg laying was recorded at the age of 15 to 45 days. The size of egg groups (batch size), as well as daily and total fecundity was recorded. Half of the total number of eggs was laid in batches of 10-30 eggs. The mean daily and total fecundity reached a maximum of 42 and 1,641.6 eggs, respectively. Adult females oviposited for almost their entire life.
This paper considers a parametric approach for quasi-linear systems by using dynamic compensator and multi-objective optimization. Based on the solutions of generalized Sylvester equations, we establish the more general parametric forms of dynamic compensator and the left and right closed-loop eigenvector matrices, and give two groups of arbitrary parameters. By using the parametric approach, the closed-loop system is converted into a linear constant one with a desired eigenstructure. Meanwhile, it also proposes a novel method to realize multi-objective design and optimization. Multiple performance objectives, containing overall eigenvalue sensitivity, H2 norm, H∞ norm and low compensation gain, are formulated by arbitrary parameters, then robustness and low compensation gain criteria are expressed by a comprehensive objective function which contains each performance index weighted. By utilizing degrees of freedom (DOFs) in arbitrary parameters, we can optimize the comprehensive objective function such that an optimized dynamic compensator is found to satisfy the robustness and low compensation gain criteria. Finally, an example of attitude control of combined spacecrafts is presented which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the parametric approach.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease affecting millions of people worldwide, and its medical care brings an economic wear to patients and public health systems. Many efforts have been made to deal with DM, one of them is the full-automation of insulin delivery. This idea consists in design a closed-loop control system to maintain blood glucose levels (BGL) within normal ranges. Dynamic models of glucose-insulin-carbohydrates play an important role in synthesis of control algorithms, but also in other aspects of DM care, such as testing glucose sensors, or as support systems for health care decisions. Therefore, there are several mathematical models reproducing glycemic dynamics of DM, most of them validated with nominal parameters of standardized patients. Nevertheless, individual patient-oriented models could open the possibility of having closed-loop personalized therapies. This problem can be addressed through the information provided by open-loop therapy based on continuous glucose monitoring and subcutaneous insulin infusion. This paper considers the problem of identifying particular parameters of a compartmental model of glucose-insulin dynamics in DM; the goal is fitting the model response to historical data of a diabetic patient collected during a time period of her/his daily life. At this time, Sorensen model is one of the most complete compartmental models representing the complex dynamics of the glucose-insulin metabolism. This is a system of 19 ordinary differential equations (ODEs), thus the identification of its parameters is a non-easy task. In this contribution, parameter identification was performed via three evolutionary algorithms: differential evolution, ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization. The obtained results show that evolutionary algorithms are powerful tools to solve problems of parametric identification. Also, a comparative analysis of the three algorithms was realized throw a wilcoxon sign-rank test, in which colony optimization had the better performance. The model obtained with the estimated parameters could be used to in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) care, such as in the design of full-automation of insulin infusion.
Úvod: Rozsah nádoru a kvalita jeho chirurgického odstranění patří k hlavním prognostickým faktorům v léčbě karcinomu rekta. Počet pooperačních lokálních recidiv závisí na úplnosti odstranění mezorekta – TME (total mesorectal excision) – a dosažení bezpečných resekčních okrajů bez nádoru. Provedení a kvalita operace záleží na předoperační diagnostice a detekci rizikových míst na rektu a mezorektu, na chirurgické schopnosti výkon správně provést a na patologickém vyšetření, hodnotícím úplnost odstranění nádoru v parametrech resekčních okrajů včetně cirkumferentního (CRO) a kompletnost mezorektální excize. Cílem práce bylo zavést a standardizovat metodu hodnocení kvality chirurgického výkonu − mezorektální excize – v léčbě karcinomu rekta hodnocením resekčních okrajů včetně CRO a kompletnosti excize. Metody: Studie měla dvě části. V první, retrospektivní části multicentrické studie byly v sestavě 288 pacientů analyzovány jednotlivé dílčí parametry diagnostiky, operací a histologického vyšetření karcinomu rekta, identifikována kritická místa a připraven jednotný protokol sledování. Ve druhé, prospektivní části studie byla v sestavě 600 pacientů tato data sledována parametricky a byla hodnocena kvalita TME ve vztahu k onkologickému výsledku léčby. Výsledky: V předoperační diagnostice se zvýšil podíl pacientů, kterým byl proveden restaging po neoadjuvantní léčbě z 60,0 % na 81,7 %. Podíl resekátů, u nichž nebyla hodnocena kvalita excize mezorekta, se snížil z 52,9 % v retrospektivní části na 22,8 % v části prospektivní. Podíl kompletních excizí mezorekta se zvýšil z 22,6 % na 26,0 %, podíl téměř kompletních excizí se zvýšil z 10,1 % v retrospektivní části na 24,0 % v prospektivní části studie. Závěr: Zavedení parametrického sledování do rutinní praxe zvýšilo kvalitu předléčebné a předoperační diagnostiky, vyšetření resekátu patologem a vlivem zpětnovazebné informace také kvalitu chirurgického výkonu., Introduction: Tumour size and the quality of its complete surgical removal are the main prognostic factors in rectal cancer treatment. The number of postoperative local recurrences depends on whether the mesorectum has been completely removed – total mesorectal excision (TME) – and whether tumour-free resection margins have been achieved. The surgery itself and its quality depend on the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis and detection of risk areas in the rectum and mesorectum, on the surgeon’s skills, and finally on pathological assessment evaluating whether complete tumour excision has been accomplished including circumferential margins of the tumour, and whether mesorectal excision is complete. The aim of our study was to implement and standardize a new method of evaluation of the quality of the surgical procedure – TME – in rectal cancer treatment using an assessment of its circumferential margins (CRO) and completeness of the excision. Methods: The study consisted of two parts. The first, multi-centre retrospective phase with 288 patients analysed individual partial parameters of the diagnosis, operations and histological examinations of the rectal cancer. Critical points were identified and a unified follow-up protocol was prepared. In the second, prospective part of this study 600 patients were monitored parametrically focusing on the quality of the TME and its effect on the oncological treatment results. Results: The proportion of patients with restaging following neoadjuvant therapy increased from 60.0% to 81.7% based on preoperative diagnosis. The number of specimens missing an assessment of the mesorectal excision quality decreased from 52.9% in the retrospective part of to the study to 22.8% in the prospective part. The proportion of actually complete TMEs rose from 22.6% to 26.0%, and that of nearly complete TMEs from 10.1% to 24.0%. Conclusion: The introduction of parametric monitoring into routine clinical practice improved the quality of pre-treatment and preoperative diagnosis, examination of the tissue specimen, and consequently improved quality of the surgical procedure was achieved., and J. Hoch, A. Ferko, M. Bláha, A. Ryška, I. Čapov, L. Dušek, J. Feit, M. Grega, M. Hermanová, E. Hovorková, R. Chmelová, Z. Kala, D. Klos, R. Kodet, D. Langer, D. Hadži-Nikolov, J. Örhalmi, J. Páral, M. Tichý, I. Tučková, M. Vjaclovský, P. Vlček
In this paper, we address distributed control structures for multi-agent systems with linear controlled agent dynamics. We consider the parametrization and related geometric structures of the coordination controllers for multi-agent systems with fixed topologies. Necessary and sufficient conditions to characterize stabilizing consensus controllers are obtained. Then we consider the consensus for the multi-agent systems with switching interaction topologies based on control parametrization.
Paranaella, a new microcotyline monotypie genus, is erected to accommodate Paranaella luquei sp. n., parasite of gill filaments from Hypostomus sp., Hypostomus regani (Ihering) and Rhinelepis aspera Spix et Agassiz (Loricariidae) from the Paraná River, Brazil. The new genus is most closely related to Microcolyle Van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, Diploslamenides Unnithan, 1971 and Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971. From Microcolyle it differs mainly by having the genital atrium formed by a muscular ring with a concentric row of numerous elongate and straight spines; from Diplostamenides it can be distinguished by the unarmed and not differentiated cirrus and from Solostamenides it differs by the single vaginal pore and absence of larval hooks.
Paraneoplastická limbická encefalitida je vzácné onemocnění náležící do skupiny paraneoplastických neurologických syndromů. V diagnostice hraje zásadní roli zobrazení mozku magnetickou rezonancí. Předkládáme kazuistiku 57letého muže, u něhož vyšetření magnetickou rezonancí jistě přispělo ke stanovení této diagnózy. Další významnou součástí diagnostického postupu je průkaz specifických, takzvaných antineuronálních autoprotilátek Prognóza choroby nebývá dobrá, je závislá především na možnostech suprese základního tumorózního onemocnění., Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare disorder which belongs to a group of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. The diagnostic role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of utmost importance. We report a case of a 57-year-old man in whom MRI significantly contributed to establishing of proper diagnosis. Other important diagnostic test includes identification of specific, so called antineural auto antibodies. Typically, the prognosis of the disease is not good; it depends mainly on the ability to control the underlying malignant disease., Jandura J, Ryška P, Žižka J, Klzo L, Eliáš P, Štěpán P, Adamkov J., and Literatura 10
Paraoxonase (PON1) is a serum enzyme with an antioxidant function, protecting the low density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidative modifications. Because diabetic patients are at greater risk of oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of PON1 55 methione (M)/leucine (L) and PON1 192 glutamine (A)/arginine (B) polymorphisms on oxidant-
antioxidant system in 213 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 116 non-diabetic control subjects from Turkish population were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were used to determine the PON1 genotypes. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes levels in the serum and glutathione (GSH) levels in whole blood were measured spectrophotometrically. In both groups PON1 192 AA and PON1 55 MM genotypes had higher TBARS,
conjugated dienes levels and lower GSH levels, whereas PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL genotypes had lower TBARS, conjugated diene levels and higher GSH level than other genotypes. We thus conclude that PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL alleles have protective effect against oxidative stress.