Bílé Karpaty Mts harbour some of the most species-rich managed grasslands in Europe, which contain a number of rare and disjunctly distributed species. Besides specific local environmental factors, the long Holocene history may explain the uniqueness of these grasslands. However, historical interpretations of the palaeoecological evidence from the region are far from unequivocal. While palaeomalacological data indicate persistence of open habitats throughout the entire Holocene, fragmentary pollen data support the hypothesis of a medieval origin of the grasslands. This paper reviews the available phytogeographical, archaeological and palaeoecological knowledge that provides indirect evidence for a prehistoric origin of the grasslands in the Bílé Karpaty Mts. High concentration of rare heliophilous species with a disjunct distribution in the south-western part of the Bílé Karpaty Mts suggest their long-term persistence. The archaeological findings provide evidence for the existence of prehistoric human settlement in this region since the Neolithic (Middle Holocene). Direct evidence for the existence of open human-influenced habitats before medieval times, based on the results of a multi-proxy analysis (macrofossils, molluscs and pollen) of an organic sediment dated back to Roman Age, is also provided. The results indicate the existence of an ancient cultural landscape with a mosaic of open grasslands, natural forests and fields. It is concluded that the evidence presented in this paper supports the hypothesis of prehistoric, rather than a medieval origin of the species-rich grasslands in the Bílé Karpaty Mts.
The prehistory of clay mineralogy is highlighted from the beginnings in ancient Greece to the mineralogical works of Agricola, in particular his famous handbook of mineralogy, entitled De natura fossilium (1546). Starting with a few scattered hints in the works of Archaic and Classic Greek authors, including Aristotle, the first treatment of clays as a part of mineralogy is by Theophrastus. This basic tradition was further supplemented by Roman agricultural writers (Cato, Columella), Hellenistic authors (the ge ographer Strabo and the physicians Diosco rides and Galen), the Roman engineer-architect Vitruvius, and finally summarized in Pliny’s encyclopedia Naturalis historia, which has become the main source for later authors, including Agricola. It is shown to what extent Agricola’s work is just a great summary of this traditional knowledge and to what extent Agricola’s work must be considered as original. In pa rticular, Agricola’s attempt to a rational, combinatorical classification of "earths" is recalled, and aplausible explanation is given for his effort to include additional information on Central European clay depos its and argillaceous raw material occurre nces. However, it is shown that - in contrast to common belief - Agricola was not the first to include "earths" in a mineralogical system. This had been done almost one thousand years earlier by Isidore of Seville., Willi Pabst and Renata Kořánová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
V léčbě cervikálního karcinomu se používají tři standardní modality: chirurgie, radioterapie a chemoterapie. Jsou testovány nové léčebné modality formou klinických studií. Léčebná rozvaha musí být individualizována a vycházet z prognostických faktorů – stadia nemoci, věku, zdravotního stavu pacientky, histologického typu a diferenciace tumoru, stavu lymfatických uzlin a přítomnosti vzdálených metastáz., Three types of standard treatment of cervical cancer are used: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy. New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.Treatment decisions should be individualized and based on prognostic factors including the stage of the disease, age, medical condition of the patient, histological type and grade of tumor and lymph nodes status., Josef Chovanec, Monika Náležinská, and Literatura
Práce podává základní informace o lehkých řetězcích imunoglobulinů. V přehledu uvádí vývoj metod používaných v klinické biochemii na jejich stanovení. Upozorňuje na četné limity a problémy stanovení volných lehkých řetězců a na jejich možné klinické využití., The publication contains basic information about free light chains of immunoglobulins. In a short review it shows evaluation methods used in clinical biochemistry for the determination of free light chains of immunoglobulins. Authors summarize methodical limitation of determination of free light chains and discuss their clinical utilization., Tichý Miloš, Vávrová J., Friedecký B., Maisnar V., and Lit.: 22
Cílem přehledové práce je popis v současnosti používaných metod primárního uzávěru střední sternotomie v kardiochirurgii dospělých. V přehledu vycházíme z literárně publikovaných údajů a zaměřujeme se na metodiku, indikace, výhody, limity, biomechanické i klinické výsledky jednotlivých metod, ve vztahu k výskytu hlubokých poruch hojení střední sternotomie po kardiochirurgických operacích., The aim of the overview study is to describe the currently used methods of primary median sternotomy closure in adult cardiac surgery. In the review of published literature, we draw on the data and focus on the methodology, indications, advantages, limitations, biomechanical and clinical results of the different methods in relation to the incidence of deep sternal wound complications after median sternotomy in adult cardiac surgery., and D. Nešpor, P. Fila, J. Černý, P. Němec
Český překlad prvního vydání knihy dr. Marka Griffithse "Problem Gambling in Europe: An Overview", publikované Nottingham Trent University v roce 2009. Publikace obsahuje informace týkající se 31 zemí Evropy, včetně České republiky. Česká republika je v přehledu zařazena do skupiny zemí, ve kterých neexistují téměř žádné empirické znalosti hráčství a/nebo problémového hráčství. Napříč zeměmi je za, [Mark Griffiths ; překlad Jiří Bareš], and Obsahuje bibliografii