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31842. Real time RT-PCR with a newly designed set of primers confirmed the presence of 2b and 2x/d myosin heavy chain mRNAs in the rat slow soleus muscle
- Creator:
- Jitka Žurmanová, František Půta, Stopková, R., and Tomáš Soukup
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Experimentální medicína, fyziologie, potkan, svaly dolních končetin, physiology, Rattus norvegicus, lower limb muscles, rat slow soleus muscle, rat fast EDL muscle, myosin heavy chain isoforms, real time RT-PCR, 14, and 616-092
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In order to re-evaluate the presence and relative quantity of 2b and 2x/d myosin heavy chain (MyHC) transcripts in rat slow soleus muscle by using real time RT-PCR we have compared the available relevant cDNA sequences and designed a new set of primers having similar melting temperatures, matching separate MyHC exons in the regions of maximal differences in MyHC coding sequences, and containing G or C at the 3́-end. These also yielded PCR products of corresponding length, which is an important requirement for real time RT-PCR quantification. The experiments were performed on 8- month-old inbred female Lewis strain rats used in our current study of regenerating transplanted muscles. The real time RT-PCR measurement confirmed the expression of all four MyHC mRNAs (type 1, 2a, 2x/d and 2b) in both fast extensor digitorum longus and slow soleus muscles, although in the soleus muscle of adult rats, only type 1 and 2a protein isoforms can be usually detected, J. Žurmanová, F. Půta, R. Stopková, T. Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31843. Real-time cycle slip detection and repair for BDS-3 triple-frequency and quad-frequency B1C/B1I/B3I/B2A signals
- Creator:
- Wang, Hao, Pan, Shuguo, Gao, Wang, Ye, Fei, Ma, Chun, Tao, Ju, and Wang, Yunfeng
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- signály, signals, BDS-3, triple-frequency signals, quad-frequency signals, cycle slip, code-phase combination, GF-phase combination, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper presents a real-time cycle slip detection and repair strategy for the BDS-3 triplefrequency and quad-frequency phase observations. For the triple-frequency phase observations, two EWL code-phase combinations and one GF-phase combination are jointly employed to detect and repair cycle slips. Based on the different performances in the success of cycle slip detection and repair, this paper uses GF-phase combinations to detect and repair cycle slip individually. Specifically, the GF-phase combination with a large MTIV value is applied to detect cycle slip possessing the stronger ability to resist ionospheric delay. Besides, the GF-phase combination with a higher success rate of cycle slip repair is selected to repair cycle slip, and the classic LAMBDA method and Ratio test are implemented to fix the cycle slip solution and evaluate reliability separately. For the quad-frequency phase observations, we employ a supernumerary EWL combination based on the triple-frequency, which can directly determine the cycle slip value of the 4th frequency. The results show that the cycle slip estimation value still can detect and repair all real and artificially added cycle slips even under harsh conditions. Moreover, the overall cycle slip repair success rate is greater than 99.99 %., Hao Wang, Shuguo Pan, Wang Gao, Fei Ye, Chun Ma, Ju Tao and Yunfeng Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31844. Realimentační syndrom – patobiochemie, iontové dysbalance a jejich korekce
- Creator:
- Kazda, Antonín, Brodská, Helena, Novák, František, and Ševela, S.
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- podvýživa--metabolismus--patofyziologie, realimentační syndrom--diagnóza--farmakoterapie--komplikace, riziko, biochemické jevy, patologie, hypofosfatemie--diagnóza--metabolismus--patofyziologie, hypokalemie--diagnóza--metabolismus--patofyziologie, nedostatek hořčíku--diagnóza--metabolismus--patofyziologie, nedostatek thiaminu--diagnóza--metabolismus--patofyziologie, monitorování fyziologických funkcí, nutriční podpora, vodní a elektrolytová nerovnováha--komplikace--terapie, nutriční terapie--klasifikace--metody--normy, způsoby aplikace léků, léková chronoterapie, klinické lékařství, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Při dlouhodobém hladovění je nedostatečný přívod energie kompenzován z vlastních zdrojů organizmu. Zásoby glykogenu jsou rychle vyčerpány, produkce inzulínu klesá. Zpočátku slouží jako zdroj energie především bílkoviny, později jsou přednostně utilizovány tuky. V každém případě dochází však do určité míry k vyčerpání libové tělesné hmoty s vývojem deplece iontů, především uložených intracelulárně, t.j. fosfátů, kalia a magnézia. Jejich plazmatické hladiny zůstávají během malnutrice, díky uvolňování z buněk, v referenčních mezích. Deplece postihuje i významné metabolické kofaktory, kterými jsou stopové prvky a vitaminy, především thiamin. Po zahájení realimentace a přívodu glukózy se cukry stávají opět primárním zdrojem energie a katabolismus tuků a bílkovin klesá. Uvolňuje se sekrece inzulínu a při nástupu anabolismu se tok uvedených iontů obrací zpět do buněk. Může dojít k extrémnímu poklesu jejich plasmatických hladin a k akutnímu nedostatku thiaminu. V těžších případech vzniká realimentační syndrom (RS). V souvislosti s tím může dojít k závažným dysfunkcím řady orgánů, včetně srdečního selhání. Práce uvádí postupy doporučené pro rozpoznání rizika malnutrice i rizika vývoje RS. Jsou popsány jeho možné pestré klinické příznaky. Jsou uvedeny postupy klinického i laboratorního monitorování při zahájení realimentace u nemocných, kteří jsou v riziku vývoje RS. Dále jsou uvedeny postupy při úpravě iontových deplecí při manifestaci RS, jejich agresivita je vztahována k plasmatickým hodnotám fosfátu, kalia a magnézia., During long lasting starvation the insufficient supply of energy is compensated from own sources of organism. The store of glycogen is soon exhausted and the production of insulin decreases. During initial period the main source of energy used is all body protein. Later on lipids are preferred. However to some extent the lean body mass is always depleted. This depletion is accompanied by decreased intracellular pool of phosphates, potassium and magnesium. Thanks to gradual release from catabolic cells during malnutrition, their plasma levels remain in reference ranges for long time. The depletion affects also the important metabolic factors, such as the trace elements and vitamins, thiamine especially. During realimentation sugars become the main source of energy again and catabolism of fat and protein is interrupted. The restored secretion of insulin and start of anabolism turn the shift of the afore mentioned ions back into the cells. Their plasma levels as well as the levels of thiamine may extremely fall in short time. As consequence of these changes the refeeding syndrome (RS) may develop. The severe multiorgan dysfunction may develop including the cardiac failure. The paper presents the proceedings recommended for the malnutrition risk screening and also for the detection of risk of RS. The possible diverse clinical manifestations of this syndrome are presented. The article follows the description of clinical and laboratory monitoring at the start of realimentation in severely malnourished high risk patients. When RS is already diagnosed, the described corrections of ion dysbalances are sometimes aggressive, according to their plasma levels., Kazda A., Brodská, H., Novák F., Ševela S., and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
31845. Realism, Tolerance and Liberalism, in the Czech National Awakening:
- Creator:
- David, Zdeněk V.,
- Publisher:
- Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Johns Hopkins University Press,
- Type:
- monografie
- Subject:
- Dějiny Česka a Slovenska, hnutí národní, české, národní obrození, dějiny církevní, reformace, utrakvismus, nacionalismus, české země 1526-1792, církve, sekty, české země 1792-1918, and národnosti, vztahy mezi národnostmi a národní hnutí
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
31846. Reality as a Basis of Education to the Good in Josef Pieper's Works /
- Creator:
- Nemec, Rastislav,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Výchova a vzdělávání, Pieper, Josef,, filozofové němečtí, výchova, filozofie vzdělání, eseje, Německo, světové dějiny 1918-1945, and filozofie, filozofové
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
31847. Realizability of precompensators in linear multivariable systems: a structural approach
- Creator:
- Ruiz-León, Javier and Castañeda, Eduardo
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- linear systems, feedback control, and compensator realizability
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this work, given a linear multivariable system, the problem of static state feedback realization of dynamic compensators is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a static state feedback that realizes the dynamic compensator (square or full column rank compensator) are stated in structural terms, i. e., in terms of the zero-pole structure of the compensator, and the eigenvalues and the row image of the controllability matrix of the compensated system. Based on these conditions a formula is presented to find the state feedback matrices realizing a given compensator. It is also shown that the static state feedback realizing the compensator is unique if and only if the closed-loop system is controllable.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
31848. Realizable triples for stratified domination in graphs
- Creator:
- Gera, Ralucca and Zhang, Ping
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- stratified graph, F-domination, domination, and open domination
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A graph is 2-stratified if its vertex set is partitioned into two classes, where the vertices in one class are colored red and those in the other class are colored blue. Let F be a 2-stratified graph rooted at some blue vertex v. An F-coloring of a graph G is a red-blue coloring of the vertices of G in which every blue vertex v belongs to a copy of F rooted at v. The F-domination number γF (G) is the minimum number of red vertices in an F-coloring of G. In this paper, we study F-domination where F is a red-blue-blue path of order 3 rooted at a blue end-vertex. It is shown that a triple (A, B, C) of positive integers with A ≤ B ≤ 2A and B ≥ 2 is realizable as the domination number, open domination number, and F-domination number, respectively, for some connected graph if and only if (A, B, C) ≠ (k, k, C) for any integers k and C with C > k ≥ 2.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
31849. Realization of multivariable nonlinear systems via the approaches of differential forms and differential algebra
- Creator:
- Zhang, Jiangfeng, Moog, Claude H., and Xia, Xiaohua
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- realization, nonlinear system, differential ideal, and differential form
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper differential forms and differential algebra are applied to give a new definition of realization for multivariable nonlinear systems consistent with the linear realization theory. Criteria for the existence of realization and the definition of minimal realization are presented. The relations of minimal realization and accessibility and finally the computation of realizations are also discussed in this paper.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
31850. Realization of nonlinear input-output equations in controller canonical form
- Creator:
- Kaldmäe, Arvo and Kotta, Ülle
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- realization, nonlinear systems, and algebraic methods
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper necessary and sufficient conditions are given which guarantee that there exists a realization of a set of nonlinear higher order differential input-output equations in the controller canonical form. Two cases are studied, corresponding respectively to linear and nonlinear output functions. The conditions are formulated in terms of certain sequence of vector spaces of differential 1-forms. The proofs suggest how to construct the transformations, necessary to obtain the specific state space realizations. Multiple examples are added, which describe different scenarios.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public