The author reported clinical characteristic features and risk factors for acute intestinal infections in 225 children (140 boys and 85 girls, mean age 1.5 years old). 90 (40%) patients aged up to 12 months, 101 (44.9%) were from 1 to 2 years old, and 34 (15.1%) were more than 2 years old. Most children were hospitalized in the first week of illness and had moderate severe course of disease. Severe forms of illness reliably more often were noted in children being on artificial feeding. Toxicdystrophic condition, severe forms and perinatal encephalopathy were prevailed in boys. Factorial analysis revealed 20 most significant factors with factorization fullness 70.8%. The most significant factors were F1( factor of hyperthermia duration) with 8.5% effect, F2 (factor of pain syndrome) 5.8%, F3 (factor of normal enzymatic activity of colon bacillus) 4.9%, F4 (etiological factor) 4.6%, as well as F5( factor of opportunistic flora of the intestine) 4.4%, respectively., Mukarram Shadjalilova, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem výzkumu bylo popsat zkušenosti hospitalizovaných dětí (adolescentů), doprovodu hospitalizovaných dětí předškolního a mladšího školního věku a všeobecné sestry s etickými problémy při hospitalizaci dítěte na standardním dětském lůžkovém oddělení. Metodika: Byl proveden kvalitativní výzkum. Pro sběr dat byl použit nestandardizovaný rozhovor. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo osm informátorů, osoby doprovázející dítě při hospitalizaci (n = 5), hospitalizované děti v adolescentním věku (n = 2) a dětská sestra (n = 1). Na základě kvalitativní analýzy dat byly vytvořeny 4 kategorie (1. informovaný souhlas, 2. přítomnost blízkého člověka, 3. srozumitelné informace a 4. péče sester), které byly dále členěny do podkategorií. Výsledky: Mezi nejčastější etické problémy při hospitalizaci dítěte na standardním lůžkovém oddělení respondenti uvedli: problémy s informovaným souhlasem v neúplných rodinách, nedostatečnou informovanost o nemoci a zdraví dítěte, deficit v oblasti edukace, nedostatek komunikace se sestrou a nedostatečnou péči. Adolescenti považovali za etický problém při hospitalizaci pocit malého respektování vlastní autonomie u rozhodování o sobě sama, potřebu většího soukromí a respektu k pocitům studu. Závěr: Většině etických problémů lze předcházet zvládnutím efektivní komunikace a dostatečné informovanosti a to již před hospitalizací dítěte v ambulanci praktického lékaře pro děti a dorost, případně v odborné ambulanci., Objective: The aim of the research was to describe the experience of hospitalized children (adolescents), accompaniment of hospitalized children preschool and younger school age and general nurses with ethical problems during the hospitalization of children on the standard children's ward. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted. For data collection was used nonstandardized interview. The research group consisted of eight informants, persons accompanying the child during hospitalization (n = 5), hospitalized children in adolescence age (n = 2) and child nurse (n = 1). Based on qualitative data analysis were created four categories (1. informed consent, 2. the presence of a loved one, 3. understandable information 4. care of nurses ), which were further divided into subcategories. Results: The most common ethical problems in the child's hospitalization on the standard ward respondents were stated: problems with informed consent in single-parent families, lack of information about the child's disease and child's health, the deficit in the area of education, lack of communication with the nurse and lack of care. Adolescents considered as the ethical problem during hospitalization the feeling of little respect for autonomy in deciding of themselves, the need for greater privacy and respect for the feelings of shame. Conclusion: Majority of ethical problems can be prevented by mastering effective communication and sufficient awareness, and this can be achieved before the hospitalization of child in the ambulance of GP for children and adolescents, or in specialist clinic., Žaneta Beránková, and Literatura
Background: There are several environmental factors which influence the preschoolers psychomotor development and the most considerable ones are socioeconomic status and day cares learning&care environment. Aim of this study is to assess how the change of socioeconomic gradient and the quality of care environment influence the average and the differences in psychometric domains of ASQ3 in preschoolers. Method: We assessed the psychometric parameters of all preschoolers enrolled in some of day cares in Vlora city, Albania using the ASQ3. We also assessed the quality of care environment according to ECERSR and the socioeconomic status upon the fathers occupation. Results: In the end of this research we found that not only a considerable percentage of preschoolers included in this study have psychomotor delays, but also that these delays and the average of psychomotor development have a significant relationship with the environment factors, as socioeconomic status and care environment. Conclusions: Children development depends more on instructing capacities of kindergartens staff than mothers. So the public health workers should work more with mothers in this direction, focusing in the lowest socioeconomic classes., Aurela Saliaj, Ermira Kola, Lorena Lazaj, Majlinda Rakipaj, Emiljana Çorraj, and Literatura
At the analysis of clinical efficiency of differential therapy in the patients with AP with BO the type vegetative nervous system is defined. In the patients with hypersympathicotonic VR (group II) and asympathycotonic VR (III group) during differential treatment there was noted reduction in duration of dyspnea, pulmonary cyanosis, moist pulmonary rales . In the patients with AP with BO alongside with changes biochemical, immune and vegetative status there was found wrong attitude of the family to the child, and also the psychological behavioral deviations in the child as increased anxiety, aggression; on a background of complex therapy were performed psychological correctional methods of treatment: musictherapy, psychogymnastics, game exercises. At catamnestic observation within one year of 40 children who have received on a background of other methods of treatment psychocorrection, repeated bronchial obstruction was observed only at 15 % observable children. In control group already through 3 months 45 % of children have addressed with repeated episodes BO at pneumonia and bronchitis., M. M. Khaidarova, and Literatura
The review focuses on a very peculiar aspect of the application of copper containing biologically active compounds of different chemical classes as have shown at the last scientific researches in the field of Cu (II) chelates, chelates possess have a higher activity of the same sort, than their mother compounds. The presented material shows essentially important qualities of Cu (II) containing compounds in biological aspect and has an interest for chemists, biochemists and pharmacologists., Sedrak Ghazaryan, and Literatura
Background. Nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle are of the complex pathology of the elbow joint, occurring relatively often and resulting in disability of children. The treatment of nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus remains controversial. Purpose of this report was improvement of the results of surgical treatment of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus with use of differential approach to the surgical strategy. Material and methods. We were observing 28 children (17 boys and 11 girls) with nonunion and longstanding nonunion of lateral condyle of humerus, with various degrees of severity. There were used MRI and Xray investigations for differential study of the patients divided into 3 groups in relation to stability and nonstability of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus. Results. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarovs technique. The mean postoperative humerusulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse Tosteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of followup was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients, good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarovs technique. The mean postoperative humerusulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse Tosteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of followup was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients, good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients. Conclusion. We believe it is reasonable to use our treatment method when dealing with nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle with cubitus valgus. These differential techniques helps to shape the distal part of humerus, thus, restoring the function of the elbow joint., Ilkhom E. Khujanazarov, Iskandar U. Khodjanov, and Literatura
The acute destructive pneumonias (ADP) occupy up to 80% of the total number of pneumonias. They require constant improvement of treatment strategy. Nowadays the use of surfactants is a part of most treatment protocols. The aim was to study the features of the solid phase bronchoalveolar lavage in children with the ADPs in the dynamics of complex treatment with exogenous surfactant. Material and methods: We examined 39 patients of contaminated surgery. We identified 2 groups of patients. The patients of first group (n=27) had pulmonary pleural form of ADP, the second group (n=12) had pulmonary form of ADP. All patients got classical treatment and the earlier draining of pleural cavity. We used as an antiseptic reamberin 1.5% by 10 ml/kg and endobronchially injected exogenous surfactant Bl in dose12 mg/kg body weight a day, 6 mg/kg every 12 hours. All the children were made a bronchoscopy to obtain BAL to study the crystallization properties. The solid phase of BAL was studied by method of cuneal dehydration. Results: All facies before treatment were divided into two groups according to classification of facies of biological fluids. Only the facies of the second and the third types were detected there. It was revealed that the sizes of the zones of the facies were different in the comparison groups before treatment and after. And the level of crystalline structures and amorphous aggregates were different in the groups with different degrees of inflammation. Conclusion: So, we can assume that the change in surfactant system is characterized by changes in the morphological structure of solids phases of BAL. And the morphological structure of BAL depends on the chemical composition of BAL., Yuliya Modna, Tatiana Tananakina, Elina Dyka, Ievgen Mozhaiev, Pavlo Borodin, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem je zjistit, který hodnotící nástroj je v odborné literatuře doporučován jako nejvhodnější pro posouzení komplikací v dutině ústní dětí, ve věku 2-18 let léčených chemoterapií a/nebo radioterapií. Metodika: Analýza příspěvků vyhledávaných v licencovaných a volně přístupných databázích (Medline, Scopus, Proquest Public Health, Ebsco, Cochrane Collaboration) za období 1985-2012. Výsledky: K posouzení komplikací v dutině ústní dětí léčených chamoterapií bylo identifikováno šest vhodných hodnotících nástrojů - Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire, Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale, Western Consortium Cancer Nursing Research Staging System for Stomatitis, Oral Assessment Guide, Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale a Oral Mucositis Rating Scale. Většina z nich, je modifikací hodnotících nástrojů určených dospělé populaci. K nejnovějším nástrojům náleží Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES), která je od počátku vyvíjena pro dětské pacienty a je v současnosti ověřována v klinické praxi. Škála zahrnuje subjektivní hodnocení bolesti v ústech, potíže s polykáním, omezení při jídle, omezení při pití a objektivní hodnocení léze. Zahrnuto je dále užívání léků proti bolesti v ústech nebo krku, v hodnoceném dni. Nejčastěji užívaná byla ve studiích hodnocena Oral Assessment Guide (OAG), která byla všemi autory doporučována k užití. Závěr: OAG je vhodný hodnotící nástroj pro dětskou populaci. Jejím pozitivem jsou kromě možnosti stanovení stadia komplikací v dutině ústní také doporučené intervence pro jednotlivá stadia poškození dutiny ústní. Posouzení je vhodné k použití kvalifikovanou sestrou., Aim: The aim is to find out which assessment tool is recommended in the scientific literature as the most suitable for an assessment of complications in the oral cavity in children, from the age of 2 to 18, who undergo chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods: Analysis of papers searched in licenced and freely available databases (Medline, Scopus, Proquest Public Health, Ebsco, Cochrane Collaboration) in the period of 1985-2012. Results: For an assessment of complications in the oral cavity in children undergoing chemotherapy, six suitable assessment tools were identified - Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire, Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale, Western Consortium Cancer Nursing Research Staging System for Stomatitis, Oral Assessment Guide, Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale a Oral Mucositis Rating Scale. Most of them are a modification of assessment tools for an adult population. One of the newest assessment tool is Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES), which has been developed for paediatric patients from the very beginning. At present the scale is being verified in clinical practice. The scale includes a subjective assessment of pain in the mouth, problems with swallowing, limitations at eating and drinking, and an objective lesion assessment. It also includes taking analgesics to releive the pain in the mouth and the throat on the day when an assessment is made. Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) is the most frequently used assessment tool in the studies and is recommended by all authors for the use. Conclusion: OAG is a suitable assessment tool for a children´s population. Its positive features are a possibility to determine a stage o f complications in the oral cavity as well as recommended interventions for individual stages of the damage to the oral cavity. The assessment is suitable for the use by qualified nurses., Lucie Sikorová, Radka Bužgová, and Literatura
V praxi se objevuje stále více matek, které si stěžují na to, že jejich předškolní děti odmítají jíst pevnou stravu, případně i pít. Jde snad o posun poruchy příjmu potravy do mladších ročníků? Nebo se jedná o důsledek chybné, ale stále rozšířenější liberální výchovy, která místo pevného vedení uctívá dítě jako dospělou osobnost od samého narození?, In practice there are more and more mothers who complain that their preschool children refuse to eat solid food or even to drink. Could it be a shift in eating disorders towards the youngsters? Or is it the result of wrong but still more and more widespread liberal education which worships the child as a adult personality from the very birth instead of firm leadership?, and Pöslová B.