Number of results to display per page
Search Results
222. Nanofat 2.0: experimental evidence for a fat grafting rich in mesenchymal stem cells
- Creator:
- Lo Furno, D., Tamburino, S., Mannino, G., Gili, E., Lombardo, G., Tarico, M. S., Vancheri, C., Giuffrida, R., and Perrotta, R. E.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, proliferace buněk, regenerační medicína, cell proliferation, regenerative medicine, fat grafting, adipose stem cells, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Different strategies have been developed in the last decade to obtain fat grafts as rich as possible of mesenchymal stem cells, so exploiting their regenerative potential. Recently, a new kind of fat grafting, called "nanofat", has been obtained after several steps of fat emulsification and filtration. The final liquid suspension, virtually devoid of mature adipocytes, would improve tissue repair because of the presence of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). However, since it is probable that many ASCs may be lost in the numerous phases of this procedure, we describe here a novel version of fat grafting, which we call "nanofat 2.0", likely richer in ASCs, obtained avoiding the final phases of the nanofat protocol. The viability, the density and proliferation rate of ASCs in nanofat 2.0 sample were compared with samples of nanofat and simple lipoaspirate. Although the density of ASCs was initially higher in lipoaspirate sample, the higher proliferation rate of cells in nanofat 2.0 virtually filled the gap within 8 days. By contrast, the density of ASCs in nanofat sample was the poorest at any time. Results show that nanofat 2.0 emulsion is considerably rich in stem cells, featuring a marked proliferation capability., D. Lo Furno, S. Tamburino, G. Mannino, E. Gili, G. Lombardo, M. S. Tarico, C. Vancheri, R. Giuffrida, R. E. Perrotta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
223. Nasal nitric oxide in healthy adults - reference values and affecting factors
- Creator:
- Antosova, M., Daniela Mokrá, Ingrid Tonhajzerová, Mikolka, P., Kosutova, P., Mestanik, M., Pepucha, L., Jana Plevková, Buday, T., Vladimír Čalkovský, and Alica Benčová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxid dusnatý, nitric oxide, nasal nitric oxide, reference values, correlation, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous mediator with significant role in the respiratory system. Many endogenous and exogenous factors influence the synthesis of NO and its level is significantly changed during the inflammation. Analysis of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is not validated so far as the diagnostic method. There is a lack of reference values with possible identification of factors modulating the nNO levels. In healthy adult volunteers (n=141) we studied nasal NO values by NIOX MINO® (Aerocrine, Sweden) according to the recommendations of the ATS & ERS. Gender, age, height, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, FEV1/FVC, PEF and numbers of le ukocytes, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes were studied as potential variables influencing the levels of nNO. The complexity of the results allowed us to create a homogenous group for nasal NO monitoring and these data can be used further as the reference data for given variables. Because of significant correlation between nNO and exhaled NO, our results support the "one airway - one disease" concept. Reference values of nasal NO and emphasis of the individual parameters of tested young healthy population may serve as a starting point in the non-invasive monitoring of the upper airway inflammation., M. Antosova, D. Mokra, I. Tonhajzerova, P. Mikolka, P. Kosutova, M. Mestanik, L. Pepucha, J. Plevkova, T. Buday, V. Calkovsky, A. Bencova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
224. Natriuretic peptide resistance of mesenteric arteries in spontaneous hypertensive rat is alleviated by exercise
- Creator:
- Yu, Jun, Zhang, Bing, Su, Xing-Li, Tie, Ru, Chang, Pan, Zhang, Xue-Ce, Wang, Jian-Bang, Zhao, Ge, Zhu, Miao-Zhang, Zhang, Hai-Feng, and Chen, Bao-Ying
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, natriuretické peptidy, hypertenze, natriuretic peptides, hypertension, resistance vessels, cGMP, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Proximal resistance vessels, such as the mesenteric arteries, contribute substantially to the peripheral resistance. The reactivity of resistance vessels to vasoactive substance like natriuretic peptides plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In current study, we investigated the reactivity of mesenteric arteries to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a well known vasodilating factor, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as the effects of exercise training on it. As a result, ANP-induced vasorelaxation was attenuated in SHR with significantly increased phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), and decreased cGMP/ANP ratio, compared with WKY rats as control. Intriguingly, the decreased reactivity to ANP in SHR was markedly reversed by exercise training. In addition, ANP resistance of in vitro mesenteric arteries was diminished by sildenafil a potent selective inhibitor of PDE5. In conclusion, ANP resistance occurs in resistance vessels of SHR, suggesting predisposition to hypertension, which can be reversed by exercise., Jun Yu, Bing Zhang, Xing-Lu Su, Ru Tie, Pan Chang, Xue-Ce Zhang, Jian-Bang Wang, Ge Zhao, Miao-Zhang Zhu, Hai-Feng Zhang, Bao-Ying Chen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
225. Natriuretic response to renal medullary endothelin B receptor activation is impaired in Dahl-salt sensitive rats on a high-fat diet
- Creator:
- Kittikulsuth, W, Hyndman, K. A., Pollock, D. M., and Pollock, J. S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, High fat diet, Obesity, ETB receptor, Sarafotoxin 6c, Renal medulla, Natriuresis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Renal medullary endothelin B receptors (ETB) mediate sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) control. Several animal models of hypertension have impaired renal medullary ETB function. We found that 4-week high-caloric diet elevated systolic BP in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats (126±2 vs. 143±3 mm Hg, p<0.05). We hypothesized that renal medullary ETB function is dysfunctional in DS rats fed a high-caloric diet. We compared the diuretic and natriuretic response to intramedullary infusion of ETB agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) in DS rats fed either a normal or high-caloric diet for 4 weeks. Urine was collected during intramedullary infusion of saline for baseline collection followed by intramedullary infusion of either saline or S6c. We first examined the ETB function in DS rats fed a normal diet. S6c increased urine flow (2.7±0.3 μl/min during baseline vs. 5.1±0.6 μl/min after S6c; p<0.05; n=5) and sodium excretion (0.28±0.05 vs. 0.81±0.17 μmol/min; p<0.05), suggesting that DS rats have renal medullary ETB function. However, DS rats fed a high-caloric diet displayed a significant increase in urine flow (2.7±0.4 vs. 4.2±0.4 μl/min, baseline vs. S6c infusion, respectively; p<0.05, n=6), but no significant change in sodium excretion in response to S6c (0.32±0.06 vs. 0.45±0.10 μmol/min). These data demonstrate that renal medullary ETB function is impaired in DS rats fed a high-caloric diet, which may be contributed to the elevation of blood pressure during high-caloric feeding in this model., W. Kittikulsuth, K. A. Hyndman, J. S. Pollock, D. M. Pollock., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
226. Neonatal hypoglycemia, early-onset diabetes and hypopituitarism due to the mutation in EIF2S3 gene causing MEHMO syndrome
- Creator:
- Juraj Staník, Škopková, M, Gasperiková, D, Iwar Klimeš, Jarmila Hornová, Tichá, L, Ľubomír Barák, Brennerová, K, and Staníková, D
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, MEHMO syndrome, EIF2S3, Diabetes, Hypopituitarism, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently, the genetic cause of several syndromic forms of glycemia dysregulation has been described. One of them, MEHMO syndrome, is a rare X-linked syndrome recently linked to the EIF2S3 gene mutations. MEHMO is characterized by Mental retardation, Epilepsy, Hypogonadism/hypogenitalism, Microcephaly, and Obesity. Moreover, patients with MEHMO had also diabetes and endocrine phenotype, but detailed information is missing. We aimed to provide more details on the endocrine phenotype in two previously reported male probands with MEHMO carrying a frame-shift mutation (I465fs) in the EIF2S3 gene. Both probands had a neonatal hypoglycemia, early onset insulindependent diabetes, and hypopituitarism due to dysregulation and gradual decline of peptide hormone secretion. Based on the clinical course in our two probands and also in previously published patients, neonatal hypoglycemia followed by earlyonset diabetes and hypopituitarism may be a consistent part of the MEHMO phenotype., J. Staník, M. Škopková, D. Staníková, K. Brennerová, L. Barák, L. Tichá, J. Hornová, I. Klimeš, D. Gasperiková., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
227. Nephron prorenin receptor deficiency alters renal medullary endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor expression
- Creator:
- Ramkumar, N., Stuart, D., Kohan, D. E., and Abraham, N.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Endothelin, Prorenin, Collecting duct, Knockout, Receptor, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The endothelin (ET) and prorenin/renin/prorenin receptor (PRR) systems have opposing physiological effects on collecting duct (CD) salt and water reabsorption. It is unknown if the CD ET and renin/PRR systems interact, hence we examined the effects of deleting CD renin or nephron PRR on CD ET system components. PRR knockout (KO) mice were polyuric and had markedly increased urinary ET-1 and inner medullary CD (IMCD) ET-1 mRNA. PRR KO mice had greatly increased IMCD ETA receptor mRNA and protein, while ETB mRNA and protein were decreased. Water loaded wild-type mice with similar polyuria as PRR KO mice had modestly increased urinary ET-1 excretion and inner medullary ET-1 mRNA, while inner medullary ETA and ETB mRNA or protein expression were unaffected. In contrast to PRR KO, CD prorenin/renin KO did not alter ET system components. Taken together, these results suggest that the nephron PRR is involved in regulating CD ET system expression, but this effect may be independent of CD-derived renin., N. Ramkumar, D. Stuart, N. Abraham, D. E. Kohan., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
228. Nesfatin-1 influences the excitability of gastric distension-responsive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of rats
- Creator:
- Feng, H., Wang, Q., Guo, F., Han, X., Pang, M., Sun, X., Gong, Y., and Xu, L.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, Nesfatin-1, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, hippocampus, gastric distension responsive neurons, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present study investigated the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric distension (GD)-responsive neurons via an interaction with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), and the potential regulation of these effects by hippocampal projections to VMH. Extracellular single-unit discharges were recorded in VHM following administration of nesfatin-1. The projection of nerve fibers and expression of nesfatin-1 were assessed by retrograde tracing and fluoro-immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results showed that there were GD-responsive neurons in VMH; Nesfatin-1 administration and electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 sub-region altered the firing rate of these neurons. These changes could be partially blocked by pretreatment with the non-selective CRF antagonist astressin-B or an antibody to NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Electrolytic lesion of CA1 hippocampus reduced the effects of nesfatin-1 on VMH GD-responsive neuronal activity. These studies suggest that nesfatin-1 plays an important role in GD-responsive neuronal activity through interactions with CRF signaling pathways in VMH. The hippocampus may participate in the modulation of nesfatin-1-mediated effects in VMH., H. Feng, Q. Wang, F. Guo, X. Han, M. Pang, X. Sun, Y. Gong, L. Xu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
229. Neuronal circuits involved in osmotic challenges
- Creator:
- Dos Santos Moreira, M. C., Naves, L. M., Marques, S. M., Silva, E. F., Rebelo, A. C. S., Colombari, E., and Pedrino, G. R.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, body fluid homeostasis, osmosensory areas, cute hyperosmotic challenge, chronic hyperosmotic challenge, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The maintenance of plasma sodium concentration within a narrow limit is crucial to life. When it differs from normal physiological patterns, several mechanisms are activated in order to restore body fluid homeostasis. Such mechanisms may be vegetative and/or behavioral, and several regions of the central nervous system (CNS) are involved in their triggering. Some of these are responsible for sensory pathways that per ceive a disturbance of the body fluid homeostasis and transmit information to other regions. These regions, in turn, initiate adequate adjustments in order to restore homeostasis. The main cardiovascular and autonomic responses to a change in plasma sodium concentration are: i) changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate; ii) changes in sympathetic activity to the renal system in order to ensure adequate renal sodium excretion/absorption, and iii) the secretion of compounds involved in sodium ion home ostasis (ANP, Ang-II, and ADH, for example). Due to their cardiovascular effects, hypertonic saline solutions have been used to promote resuscitation in hemorrhagic patients, thereby increasing survival rates following trauma. In the present review, we exp ose and discuss the role of several CNS regions involved in body fluid homeostasis and the effects of acute and chronic hyperosmotic challenges., M. C. Dos Santos Moreira, L. M. Naves, S. M. Marques, E. F. Silva, A. C. S. Rebelo, E. Colombari, G. R. Pedrino., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
230. New drugs and emerging therapeutic targets in the endothelin signaling pathway and prospects for personalized precision medicine
- Creator:
- Davenport, A. P., Kuc, R. E., Maguire, J. J., and Southan, C.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Allosteric modulators, Biased signaling, G-protein coupled receptors, Endothelin-1, Monoclonal antibodies, Pepducins, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- During the last thirty years since the discovery of endothelin-1, the therapeutic strategy that has evolved in the clinic, mainly in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, is to block the action of the peptide either at the ETA subtype or both receptors using orally active small molecule antagonists. Recently, there has been a rapid expansion in research targeting ET receptors using chemical entities other than small molecules, particularly monoclonal antibody antagonists and selective peptide agonists and antagonists. While usually sacrificing oral bio-availability, these compounds have other therapeutic advantages with the potential to considerably expand drug targets in the endothelin pathway and extend treatment to other pathophysiological conditions. Where the small molecule approach has been retained, a novel strategy to combine two vasoconstrictor targets, the angiotensin AT1 receptor as well as the ETA receptor in the dual antagonist sparsentan has been developed. A second emerging strategy is to combine drugs that have two different targets, the ETA antagonist ambrisentan with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor tadalafil, to improve the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The solving of the crystal structure of the ETB receptor has the potential to identify allosteric binding sites for novel ligands. A further key advance is the experimental validation of a single nucleotide polymorphism that has genome wide significance in five vascular diseases and that significantly increases the amount of big endothelin-1 precursor in the plasma. This observation provides a rationale for testing this single nucleotide polymorphism to stratify patients for allocation to treatment with endothelin agents and highlights the potential to use personalized precision medicine in the endothelin field., A. P. Davenport, R. E. Kuc, C. Southan, J. J. Maguire., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public