The Croatian society is still coping with traumatizing events (World War II and civil war) and memories of them. The politics of memory, articulated by Tudjman´s strategy of generational and memory reconciliation of the society in the early 1990s, led to the relativization and even promotion of the pro-fascist Ustashe regime, and simultaneously to the marginalization and stigmatization of narratives relating to the role of national liberation struggle within multi-ethnic partisan movement. This also included members of local Czech minority. The study shows how - despite this - the narratives concerning the partisan resistance are still alive in family memory, and they form, through generational transmission, a value alternative to the contemporary nationally-oriented state ideology as well as to the cultural presentation of Czech minority. Family memory works as an autonomous ”intimate space/area” of expatriates in Croatia, which is based on searching for a generational value continuities in the period of post-communist social uncertainties.
a1_In the last few decades, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) (= Stegomyia albopicta), the so-called "Asian tiger mosquito", has spread from its native range in southeast Asia to Africa, the Middle East, Europe, the Americas, and Pacific islands. The spread of this species poses a risk to human health as it is considered to be one of the main vectors of dengue and other arboviruses. Aedes albopictus was reported in Croatia in 2004, thereafter it was discovered at several coastal localities in 2005 and to date it has spread to most coastal areas and islands in Croatia. Here we investigate the genetic variability of A. albopictus based on 39 individuals collected during the summer of 2009 along the East-Adriatic coast and islands of Croatia and Montenegro and using two mitochondrial molecular markers: cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase 5 (ND5). We identified a single ND5 haplotype, corresponding to the previously reported and worldwide-distributed haplotype H3. The COI marker was more variable and we identified four COI haplotypes. In order to identify the geographic origin of the populations that colonized Croatia, we performed phylogenetic analyses of ND5 and COI haplotypes in Croatian populations and other A. albopictus populations retrieved from the GenBank. The phylogenetic tree based on ND5 haplotypes revealed two well supported clades where the unique Croatian ND5 haplotype clustered with the majority of haplotypes originating from South-Asia, America, Europe, and Africa. Another smaller cluster consisted of only Brazilian haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network that resulted from the COI analysis also indicates that the three Croatian COI haplotypes cluster with European and American haplotypes. However the fourth Croatian COI haplotype was the only European haplotype that occurred in a separate clade (group) with Indian, South-Asian, and Brazilian haplotypes., a2_This data suggests there have been several independent introduction events in Croatia., and Toni Žitko, Ana Kovačić, Yves Desdevises, Jasna Puizina.
Like the rest of Central and Eastern Europe, after the Second World War, Croatia came under the rule of the Communist regime. It constituted a part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in which the shift towards the Soviet model was happening faster than in the majority of countries in the region. After 1948, the Tito-Stalin split and the conflict between Yugoslavia and the Eastern Bloc the situation gradually moved towards partial liberalization, though some remnants of the Soviet model were still present, and the government’s policies towards the intellectual elite of the country continued to be marked by imposing ideology and attempts to establish control of the Communist Party. Under such conditions, the processes which occurred at the university, in the Academy of Arts and Sciences and in cultural institutions did not differ much from those found in the other countries under Communist rule, and the attitudes of individuals varied from wholehearted support for the regime, through adjustment to the situation and cooperation with the authorities, to resistance. The main scholarly institutions in Croatia at that time were the University of Zagreb and the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. In the first period after WWII, the Yugoslav Communist regime tried to introduce the Soviet model in the field of sciences, meaning the transformation of universities into teaching institutions and concentrating the whole research processes in the institutes of the academies of sciences. This changed to some extent after the Tito-Stalin conflict, but some traces of this remained in later periods. The control of the Communist Party also remained in the form of the so-called self-management systems. Still, the Communist regime was never completely satisfied with the level of its influence on the intellectual elites and the main institution in the country. and Chorvatsko se po druhé světové válce dostalo pod kontrolu komunistického režimu stejně jako větší část střední a východní Evropy. Bylo součástí Socialistické federativní republiky Jugoslávie a tempo změn směřujících k sovětskému modelu bylo v této zemi větší než v okolních státech v regionu. Po roce 1948, kdy došlo k rozkolu mezi Titem a Stalinem, a Jugoslávie se tak ocitla v rozporu se zbytkem Východního bloku, se poměry začaly pozvolna liberalizovat, ačkoliv mnohé prvky sovětského modelu zůstávaly zachovány a vládní politika vůči intelektuálním elitám země byla nadále vedena v duchu ideové kontroly a nastolení komunistické svrchovanosti. Za těchto podmínek se prostředí univerzity, Akademie věd a umění jakož i ostatních kulturních institucí příliš nelišilo od poměrů v jiných komunisty ovládaných zemích. Postoje jednotlivců sahaly od upřímné spolupráce s režimem přes víceméně oportunní přizpůsobení se poměrům a kooperaci s vládními orgány, až po odpor. Hlavní akademické instituce Chorvatska té doby představují Záhřebská univerzita a Jugoslávská akademie věd a umění. V prvním období bezprostředně po druhé světové válce se jugoslávský komunistický režim snažil po sovětském vzoru organizovat vědu tak, že univerzity měly být transformovány na pracoviště čistě pedagogická a veškerý výzkum měl být soustředěn a veden pod záštitou ústavů Akademie věd. Tento přístup se po rozkolu Tita a Stalina poněkud změnil, avšak některé jeho prvky přetrvaly do následujících období. Komunistická strana se rovněž pokoušela o kontrolu prostřednictvím tzv. samosprávného systému, Nebyla však s rozsahem svého vlivu na inteligenci státu, jakož i na na hlavní vědecké instituce, nikdy zcela spokojena.
The hoard from Moravička Sela in Gorski Kotar (Croatia), discovered thirty years ago, is a medium-sized hoard with a mixed composition, containing typologically different and differently preserved objects. With its defined, most likely reduced inventory, we have acquired a smaller number of tools and weapons, half products and items of symbolic importance. Its place of discovery could be included in the distribution of the hoards of the II Late Bronze Age horizon on the broader territory of Caput Adriae and its hinterland in the 13th and early 12th century BC. Its composition reflects, in particular, the cultural connections ranging from the south-eastern Alpine region to the wider Pannonian and Carpathian area. Therefore, the hoard from Moravička Sela can be interpreted as a materialized act of precisely determined cultural knowledge from a broader but contemporary cultural network of meaning. and Depot nalezený před třiceti lety u obce Moravička Sela v Chorvatsku patří mezi středně velké depoty s heterogenním složením, obsahující typologicky odlišné a různě zachované předměty. Pravděpodobně neúplný soubor sestává z několika pracovních nástrojů, zbraní, polotovarů a artefaktů symbolického významu. Autoři jej v rámci chronologie oblasti Caput Adriae řadí do druhého horizontu mladší doby bronzové, tedy Alpami a pannonskou či karpatskou oblastí. Depot je proto představen jako materializovaný projev dobové mentality sdílené na širokém, kulturně spřízněném území.
Kniha Dvacet let samostatného Chorvatska uznávaného chorvatského historika středověkých a v poslední době i nejnovějších národních dějin, který působil i jako předseda první nekomunistické strany v Chorvatsku před rozpadem federativní Jugoslávie, je pozoruhodná svou snahou o vědecký, politicky nezatížený přístup. Tím se podle recenzenta odlišuje od většiny tamní historické produkce, navíc je napsaná čtivým a kultivovaným jazykem. Přesto se výklad neodpoutal od nacionálních stereotypů, jeho kritika míří hlavně na režim Franjo Tudjmana a také trpí vážnými tematickými a časovými disproporcemi. and [autor recenze] Jan Pelikán.
In the Croatia territory, the Czechs are concentrated predominantly in the area of the northwestern Slavonia. Center of this region with relatively compact Czech settlement is the town of Daruvar. Before and after the World War I, when the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute and the National Czechoslovak Council were established, the interest in this region increased. In 1930’s the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute initiated a mapping survey of this region, which was, however, not completed. The further initiative was launched several decades later. A research of culture of the Czech colony in the Daruvar region was carried out in 1965-70 by the Ethnography and Folklore Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (ČSAV) and the Folk Art Institute in Zagreb. More recent works devoted to the Czechs living in Croatia originate primarily in the country itself. My research in the region was realized above all in the form of interviews. I received a lot of necessary information from the Czech Union archives and from the local professional literature. In comparison with the previous research and with respect to the several-decade distance, it was possible to trace the process of acculturation and assimilation and to estimate its possible development. The accessible printed materials and literature are of miscellaneous origin. they partly come from the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute employees - Antonín Šembera, Rudolf Turčín and Jan Auerhan. Many valuable documents are deposited in the Central State Archive in Prague, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archive as well as in the Náprstek Museum’s archive. A rich archive is situated in the seat of the Czech Union in Croatia - in the Czech House in Daruvar. It contains many documents from the life of the Czech minority. The collections in this archive were assorted with the help of the Czech Republic, that is to say by archivists from the Central State Archive in Prague who had been working here for several years since 2001.