Search

Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Subject osvícenství

2. Alois Klar mezi slepotou a osvícením: vědění, moc a vynález sociální péče

Creator:
Fapšo, Marek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Klar, Alois, 1763-1833, osvícenství, sociální péče, národní hnutí, nevidomí, dějiny lékařství, dějiny pedagogiky, oftalmologie, enlightenment, social care, nationalist movement, blind, history of medicine, history of educational science, ophthalmology, disciplinace, biomoc, disciplination, biopower, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This study on Alois Klar (1763-1833) focuses mainly on his achievements as a pedagogue and his work for the visually impaired. Methodologically, it draws on Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Michel Foucault, enabling us to view the evolution of social care as a concomitant of the emerging modern state and integral to its structure. The study presents an analysis of the beginnings of Klar’s Prague institute for the visually impaired against a background of rapid changes in medicine, the scope of the state, and educational thinking. At a time of compulsory school attendance and new approaches to education, when the state demanded the active participation of its subjects/citizens in propagating its aims and the values of society as a whole, the blind and partially sighted were given access to a full and systematic education. We also present data concerning Klar’s educational work and thinking (he taught in Litoměřice and at Prague University), and examine the internal workings of the newly established institute - one of the first of its kind in Europe - and its contacts with the medical discourse of the emerging science of ophthalmology., Marek Fapšo., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Antická pozitivní versus moderní negativní? Komparace pojetí svobody Benjamina Constanta a Isaiaha Berlina

Creator:
Jan Květina
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, filozofie, osvícenství, liberalismus, republikanismus, philosophy, enlightenment, liberalism, republicanism, negativní svoboda, pozitivní svoboda, Isaiah Berlin, Benjamin Constant, negative freedom, positive freedom, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Berlinova dichotomie pozitivní a negativní svobody je v akademickém prostředí natolik diskutovanou problematikou, že jakékoli pokusy o její novou interpretaci čelí notnému riziku rozvíjení již řečeného, a tím i možnosti ztráty argumentační síly. Cíl tohoto článku však nespočívá v přispění k debatě týkající se funkčnosti Berlinova rozdělení, ale ve zpochybnění stereotypně přijímaných ideových zdrojů, jimiž se Berlin údajně inspiroval. V rámci linie tradic liberálního myšlení, kterou identifikuje mimo jiné sám Berlin, je totiž jeho rozlišení dvou pojmů svobody běžně ztotožňováno s principy a ideovým poselstvím klasifikace francouzského osvícence Benjamina Constanta. Směšování Berlinovy polarity pozitivní – negativní s Constantovým schématem antická – moderní je pravděpodobně důsledkem četných styčných bodů obou koncepcí, jež však vedou k automatickému vnímání souladu i u těch principů, u nichž je míra koherence problematická. Za hlavní cíl této studie lze tudíž označit jednak prokázání skutečnosti, že pro důslednou komparaci Berlinovy a Constantovy dichotomie je kromě běžně analyzované příbuznosti negativní svobody se svobodou moderní nezbytné vzít v úvahu i provázanost opačných pólů spektra, a především pak obhajobu teze, že v podstatných momentech Constantovo myšlení opouští meze liberální tradice a konotuje Pettitovy republikánské principy svobody jako ne-dominance. Takový závěr vede v konečném důsledku k tomu, že Berlinovo a Constantovo dělení nelze vnímat jako homogenní., Berlin’s dichotomy of positive and negative freedom is, in academic quarters, such a well-discussed problem that any kind of attempt at a fresh interpretation confronts the real risk of developing what has already been said and, in that way, of losing argumentational strength. The aim of this article does not, however, consist in contributing to the debate about the viability of Berlin’s distinction, but in calling into question the stereotypical reception of the intellectual sources that Berlin was inspired by. In the framework of the line of traditions of liberal thinking, which, among others, Berlin himself identifies, is his distinction between two concepts of freedom, usually identified with the principles and intellectual meaning of the classification by the French enlightenment thinker Benjamin Constant. The mixing up of Berlin’s polarity positive–negative with Constant’s scheme of ancient–modern is probably a consequence of the numerous common points in the two conceptions. These, however, lead to the automatic perception of agreement even in those principles for which the level of coherence is questionable. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to indicate, firstly, the proven fact that for a consistent comparison of Berlin’s and Constant’s dichotomy one must examine, in addition to the commonly analysed relationship of negative freedom with modern freedom, the connectedness of the opposite poles in the two cases. Secondly, and more importantly, the thesis is advanced that, in its fundamental properties, Constant’s thinking goes beyond the liberal tradition and points towards Pettit’s republican principles of freedom as non-dominance. This conclusion ultimately leads to the recognition that Berlin’s and Constant’s division cannot be seen as homogenous., Jan Květina., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Antimonachismus v české osvícenské společnosti: obsahová analýza tří antimonachistických brožur

Creator:
Hasan, Petr
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
církevní dějiny, osvícenství, lidská přirozenost, askeze, church history, enlightenment, human naturalness, asceticism, antimonachismus, antimonachism, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This study deals with reforms by Josef II, in particular with the abolition of the monasteries as recorded in contemporary sources supporting the reforms being carried out. The author selects some significant themes treated by the proponents of reform. The main theme is the criterion of human nature. Related themes include: monks’ asceticism, celibacy, monasteries as the quintessence of baroque piety, and mendicant orders., Petr Hasan., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Der Wiener Dramatiker Paul Weidmann und sein aufklärerisches Konzept des Theaters (an Fallbeispielen)

Creator:
Giel, Joanna
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
18. století, osvícenství, divadlo, Rakousko (1526-1804), Austrian monarchy (1526-1804), stage drama, Josephinism, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This article discusses the Enlightenment concept of theatre as formulated in the work of the Viennese playwright Paul Weidmann, who was active in the reign of Joseph II (1765-90). In Weidmann’s conception, theatre has two main functions: one is to provide a theoretical basis (the idea of a national theatre; theatre as a school of moral educational); the second is to delineate a socio-historical context. The themes explored by Weidmann are civil war and wars of religion, and the question of how to level social differences - problems that still very much beset the modern world. In the face of current religious, political and economic conflicts, Weidmann’s stage plays still carry a powerful message., Joanna Giel., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Dítě z lesa jako filosofický problém: několik poznámek k filosofickému pozadí Itardovy Zprávy o Victorovi z Aveyronu

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
speciální pedagogika, znakový jazyk, osvícenství, special education, sign language, enlightenment, filozofie osvícenství, teorie výchovy, philosophy of the enlightenment, theory of education, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The aim of the present paper is to examine certain philosophical issues which have set the tone of the philosophical reflection in eighteenth century France in relation to a specific case study: that of the "wild child" known as Victor of Aveyron. Found in 1800 in central France, Victor was later transferred to the Parisian Institute of the Deaf­Mutes, where he became the object of educational activities of Jean­Marc Itard, a medical expert known for his works on the problem of hearing loss. Through a brief critical examination of the most notorious philosophical texts dealing both with the question of wild children and deafness (namely by Rousseau, Diderot and Condillac), we attempt to show that the specificity of Itard’s educational method consists in an application of the sensualist approach towards the human individual (as it is exemplified especially in the work of Condillac) on a concrete human subject, considered as a tangible proof of the inexistence of innate ideas. On this basis, we sketch several broader questions concerning the status of anomaly in the eighteenth century philosophical thought (namely, wild children and deafness), as well as some hypotheses on education and its fantasmatic aspects in general., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Evangelická láska: Bůh, člověk a ctnostné mravy mezi tradicí a osvícenstvím

Creator:
Bolom, Sixtus
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
osvícenství, protestantismus, etika, emoce, enlightenment, Protestantism, ethics, emotions, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
This paper considers various approaches to love and morality in Protestant society in the late 18th century, as illustrated in Czech­language religious and educational literature (Korunka, aneb Wjnek Pannenský wssechněm pobožným a sslechetným Pannám toho Gazyku užjwagjcým, Litomyšl 1784; Kazatel Domovnj, Brno 1783). Our focus is on divine love, man’s love of God, marital love, parental and filial love, and definitions of immorality. We also examine some contemporary reactions to religious and educational writings in the memoirs of one of their readers, the rural preacher and Bible scholar Tomáš Juren (1750-1829), as well as the differences between the Christian confessions in their attitude to the emotions., Sixtus Bolom-Kotari., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Evangeličtí kazatelé z Uher: formování nové společenské skupiny

Creator:
Krejčová Zavadilová, Gabriela and Stoklasová, Hana
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
osvícenství, inteligence (vrstva), evangelíci, evangelické sbory, enlightenment, intelligentsia, Evangelicals, Evangelical congregations, Maďarsko, Hungary, čeští evangeličtí kazatelé, raná tolerance, Maďarská superintendence, Czech evangelical preachers, Hungarian superntendence, early tolerance, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The paper deals with the topic of evangelical preachers of the Helvetic and the Augsburg Confession coming from the Hungarian part of the Habsburg Monarchy, after the Patent of Toleration was issued, and establishing tolerance evangelical congregations in Bohemia and Moravia. Based on studying the sources of particular tolerance Czech congregations (for example Moraveč, Humpolec, Dvakačovice, Lozice, Raná, Sány, Prague), the process of forming a new social stratum of the petty intelligentsia, whose creation was conditioned by the Enlightenment reforms, is outlined. The text shows how the Hungarian preachers made the first contacts with the emerging evangelical communities, gives an idea of the circumstances of their arrival, describes the way of their adapting to an unfamiliar environment and their effort to stabilize the congregations. These particular findings are generalized in order to define some common characteristics typical of this group of Enlightenment intellectuals., Gabriela Krejčová Zavadilová a Hana Stoklasová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

9. Evropské osvícenství Jonathana Israele

Creator:
Cerman, Ivo
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Israel, Jonathan I. (Jonathan Irvine), 1946-, historiografie, osvícenství, historiography, enlightenment, Spinoza, radikální osvícenství, radical enlightenment, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The article lays out Jonathan Israel’s central ideas on the European Enlightenment, as they have been developed in his Radical Enlightenment (2001), Enlightenment Contested (2006) and A Revolution of the Mind (2009). I explain his ‘controversialist method’ of intellectual history and point out the advantages and faults of this approach. Israel’s model of the heterogeneous Enlightenment is shown as a response to A. MacIntyre’s post­modern criticism, and to the older models of a ‘single Enlightenment’, as presented by P. Gay, or older models of multiple enlightenments, as presented by J. G. Pocock. However, Israel’s heterogeneous Enlightenment recognizes just one progenitor of the positive ‘modern values’, which is identified with the Radical wing. The article reviews Israel’ s narrative of the development and spread of the Radical Enlightenment in Europe and the struggles with the Enlightenment mainstream and within the Enlightenment mainstream. However, I also show some faults in Israel’s argument, mainly his view of the ‘secular morality’, which should have been the outcome of the Radical Enlightenment’s campaign. In conclusion, I point at the inconsistency of Israel’s reconstruction of the Enlightenment morals and the differences between his view and J. Schneewind’s interpretation., Ivo Cerman., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. F.L. Věk: obraz z dob našeho národního probuzení

Creator:
Alois Jirásek and Adolf Kašpar
Publisher:
Vaclav Petr,
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, svazek, and ^^^svazků : ilustrace (některé barevné) ; 23 cm
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Česká próza, 18.-19. století, 1769-1816, národní obrození, Česko, osvícenství, 821.162.3-31, 930.85, 930.85"16/17", (437.3), (0:82-311.6), 25, and 821.162.3-3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Alois Jirásek
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public