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1492. Phenotypes of Alb3p and carotenoid synthesis mutants show similarities regarding light sensitivity, thylakoid structure and protein stability
- Creator:
- Kugelmann, M., Fausser, A., Ossenbühl, F., and Brennicke, A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, albino3, Arabidopsis thaliana, carotenoids, hcf106, protein transport, thylakoid membrane, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Chloroplast proteins of the Alb3/YidC/Oxa1p family are necessary for assembly of photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membranes. Alb3p in Arabidopsis thaliana is essential for posttranslational LHCII-integration into thylakoid membranes and participates in cotranslational assembly of D1. However, the pleiotropic defects of an Alb3p mutant, albino3, suggest additional functions for Alb3p. To obtain an impression of such potential further Alb3p activities from phenotypic manifestations, properties of mutants disturbed in thylakoid membrane protein transport or carotenoid biosynthesis were compared with the albino3 mutant. Specific defects observed in albino3 were similar to those in a carotenoid synthesis mutant. While this correlation did not provide tangible evidence for Alb3p being involved in the integration of carotenoids in photosynthetic complexes, it suggests a possible avenue for future investigations., M. Kugelmann, A. Fausser, F. Ossenbühl, A. Brennicke, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1493. Phenotypic pattern over centric fusion clinal variation in the water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
- Creator:
- Colombo, Pablo C and Remis, María I
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rovnokřídlí, Orthoptera, Acrididae, Cornops aquaticum, centric fusions, grasshoppers, chromosomal clines, morphometric effects, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum, occurs in freshwater environments in the New World between latitudes 23°N and 35°S. At the southernmost margin of this distribution the populations are polymorphic for three centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). The frequencies of these chromosome rearrangements increase southwards and the recombination in structural homozygotes and heterozygotes diminishes both along the middle and lower courses of the Paraná River. In the present paper we report a similar cline along the southward flowing Uruguay River. In addition, we report the morphological effects of two of these centric fusion polymorphisms, namely the fusions between chromosomes 2 and 5 of the standard complement (fusion 2/5) and chromosomes 3 and 4 (fusion 3/4) and extend this study to the Uruguay River. There is a strong inverse correlation of fusion frequency with temperature, which indicates that these polymorphisms may be related to increased tolerance of colder climates in this originally tropical species, or some other correlated variable. This study is a further example of chromosomal clines correlated with latitude and is one of a few examples of chromosome polymorphisms associated with phenotypic effects. Finally, it indicates ways of using this species for controlling pests., Pablo C. Colombo, María I. Remis., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1494. Photoacclimation capacity in seedling and sapling of Siparuna guianensis (Siparunaeae): response to irradiance gradient in tropical forest
- Creator:
- Vieira, T. O., Degli-Esposti, M. S. O., Souza, G. M., Rabelo, G. R., Da Cunha, M., and Vitória, A. P.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, chlorofyl, tropické lesy, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, tropical forests, Brazílie, Brasil, chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 uptake, leaf anatomy, structural traits, growth, Siparuna guianensis, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Light is a limiting factor in plant establishment and growth in the understory of forests. In this paper, we assessed acclimation capacity of Siparuna guianensis, an early secondary successional species. We used seedlings and saplings in three regeneration areas with different irradiance regimes to determine the traits that confer photoplasticity. We examined whether these traits differ at different developmental stages. Anatomical characteristics, photochemical efficiency, photosynthetic capacity, and growth were analyzed. Multivariate component analysis revealed the formation of six clusters: three for seedlings (one for each regeneration area) and three for saplings (following the same pattern of seedlings, considering the area). Increased irradiance favored photosynthetic performance, independently of the developmental stage. The same trend was observed for most data on chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence and the ratios of net photosynthetic rate/intercellular CO2 concentration (PN/Ci) and PN/PPFD. No parameter indicated photoinhibition stress. The CO2- and light-response curve data indicated that seedlings were already acclimated to tolerate variation in irradiance. Anatomical adaptations, such as thickness of leaf blade and of adaxial cuticle, were observed in individuals growing in areas with higher irradiation. Thinning of spongy parenchyma and higher investment into a plant height were observed in seedlings, possibly due to the vertical stratification of CO2 and light in the understory; because light is a more limiting resource than CO2 in the lower stratum of the forest. Photoplasticity in S. guianensis is associated with a set of morphological, anatomical, photochemical, and biochemical traits, whereas biochemical performance is best acclimated to variation in irradiance. These traits differed in seedlings and saplings but they were modulated mainly by irradiance in both developmental stages., T. O. Vieira, M. S. O. Degli-Esposti, G. M. Souza, G. R. Rabelo, M. Da Cunha, A. P. Vitória., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1495. Photochemical changes and oxidative damage in four foxtail millet varieties following exposure to sethoxydim
- Creator:
- Guo, M. J., Wang, Y. G., Dong, S. Q., Wen, Y. Y., Song, X. E., and Guo, P. Y.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorofylová fluorescence, parametry P700, reaktivní formy kyslíku, proso, chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 parameters, reactive oxygen species, spring hybrid millet, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- In order to assess its response to the herbicide, sethoxydim (SEY), seedlings of two foxtail millet (Setaria italica) hybrids were exposed to 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 L(SEY active ingredient, ai) ha-1 for 7 and 15 d. Our results showed that SEY reduced photosynthesis and oxidative stress in the hybrid millet (Zhangza) at the dosage below 1.5 L(ai) ha-1 (i.e., recommended dosage), whereas it caused death of Jingu 21 at all treatment dosages. In addition, we further explored the effect of SEY on PSI and PSII; the hybrid millet showed a greater tolerance to SEY and also the ability to recover. In conclusion, the hybrid millet seems to possess certain photosynthetic protection mechanisms which could reduce or eliminate the herbicide stress by increasing nonphotochemical quenching for dissipating excessive light energy under SEY-induced oxidative stress., M. J. Guo, Y. G. Wang, S. Q. Dong, Y. Y. Wen, X. E. Song, P. Y. Guo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1496. Photochemistry of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem under fungal biocontrol interaction
- Creator:
- Amrina, H., Shahzad, S., and Siddiqui, Z. S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotochemie, photochemistry, fotoinhibice, lufa válcovitá, chlorophyll fluorescence transients, photoinhibition, Luffa cylindrica (L.), 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the photochemistry of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem in fungal biocontrol interacting treatments. Healthy plants were infected with Pythium aphanidermatum before the biocontrol application. Biocontrol agents were selected in preliminary Petri-plate experiment evaluation against causative agent P. aphanidermatum. Photosynthetic performance traits were studied. We found that P. aphanidermatum infection caused significant reduction in photosynthetic performance, pigments, and in maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry, photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate with increase in nonphotochemical quenching as compared with non-infected control. However, application of biocontrol agents substantially improved maximum quantum yield of PSII, performance index, and total content of photosynthetic pigments in infected plants. The fluorescence intensity was used for quantifying the antagonist effect of biocontrol agents on infected plant leaves., H. Amrina, S. Shahzad, Z. S. Siddiqui., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1497. Photoinhibition of Suaeda salsa to chilling stress is related to energy dissipation and water-water cycle
- Creator:
- Sui, N.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, brakická rostlinná společenstva, photosynthesis, halophytes, Shan-tung (Čína : provincie), antioxidant enzyme, chlorophyll fluorescence, halophyte, photosystem I, photosystem II, Suaeda salsa, Yellow river, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- To investigate the photoprotection of energy dissipation and water-water cycle, a C3 euhalophytic herb, Suaeda salsa L., was exposed either to chilling temperature (4°C) accompanied by moderate irradiance (600 μmol m-2 s-1) (CM) and/or to chilling temperature (4°C) accompanied by low irradiance (100 μmol m-2 s-1) (CL). During chilling stress, both the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the oxidizable P700 decreased in S. salsa leaves either under CM or CL, which indicated the severe photoinhibition. Relative to Fv/Fm, the oxidizable P700 decreased markedly under CL, which indicated that PSI was more sensitive to CL treatment than PSII. Initial fluorescence, number of closed PSII centers, and nonphotochemical quenching increased under CM, but more markedly under CL in S. salsa leaves. Activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase was higher under CM than that under CL. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased first and then increased under both treatments, but the content of O2.- and H2O2 was higher under CL than that under CM after 12 h of chilling stress. These results suggested that photoinhibition in S. salsa might be related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by excess energy. The water-water cycle could not dissipate energy efficiently under CL, which caused the great accumulation of ROS., N. Sui., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1498. Photooxidation and photoreduction of exogenous cytochrome c by photosystem II preparations after various modifications of the water-oxidizing complex
- Creator:
- Khorobrykh, A. A., Yanykin, D. V., and Klimov, V. V.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- cytochromy, cytochromes, cytochrome c, photooxidation, photoreduction, photosystem II, superoxide anion radical, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The redox interaction of exogenous cytochrome c550 (Cyt) with PSII isolated from spinach was studied. Illumination of PSII particles in the presence of Cyt led to: (1) Cyt photooxidation by PSII reaction center (demonstrated at the first time), (2) Cyt photoreduction via O2- photoproduced on the acceptor side of PSII, and (3) Cyt photoreduction by reduced electron carriers of PSII. A step-by-step removal of components of water-oxidizing complex was accompanied by the appearance of Cyt photooxidation, an increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-dependent Cyt photoreduction (related to O2- formation), and a decrease in the SOD-independent Cyt photoreduction. Re-addition of PsbO protein diminished the Cyt-induced restoration of electron transfer in PSII. Addition of diuron led to inhibition of these photoprocesses, while exogenous Mn2+ inhibited only the Cyt c photooxidation. The results can be important for correct measurements of O2- photoproduction in PSII and for elucidation of the role of cytochrome c550 in cyanobacterial PSII., A. A. Khorobrykh, D. V. Yanykin, V. V. Klimov., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1499. Photoperiodic control of development and reproduction in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Reznik, Sergey Ya. and Vaghina, Nina P.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, photoperiod, development, maturation, diapause, phenology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effects of photoperiod on pre-imaginal development and reproductive maturation of adult females of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were investigated at 20°C and at photoperiods from 10L : 14D to 18L : 6D. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory strain that originated from the Russian Far East. Larvae and adults were fed on the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. Under short day conditions the pre-imaginal development was faster than under long day conditions. The acceleration of pre-imaginal development occurred when day length was shorter than 16 h and the threshold day length was ca 14 h. The rate of reproductive maturation of adult females, in contrast, was twice as high under long day conditions, with the threshold between 14L : 10D and 12L : 12D, although even under short day conditions ca 10% of the females show a tendency to mature more quickly. This difference between the thresholds of these two photoperiodic reactions indicates they are relatively independent of one another. and Sergey Ya. Reznik, Nina P. Vaghina.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1500. Photorespiration and photoinhibition in the bracts of cotton under water stress
- Creator:
- Zhang, C., Zhan, D.-X., Luo, H.-H., Zhang, Y.-L., and Zhang, W.-F.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- photosynthesis, electron flow, Gossypium hirsutum, photoprotection, PSII, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of PSII were analyzed in the bracts and leaves of cotton plants after anthesis. Photosynthetic activity and photorespiration were measured in the leaves and bracts of cotton grown under either normal or reduced water-saving drip irrigation. The photosynthetic performance, amount of chlorophyll and Rubisco, and net photosynthesis were greater in the bracts than that in the leaves under water stress. The actual photochemical efficiency of PSII decreased in both the bracts and leaves after anthesis under reduced irrigation. However, the decrease was smaller in the bracts than in the leaves, indicating that the bracts experienced less severe photoinhibition compared to the leaves. The greater drought tolerance of bracts could be related to differences in relative water content, instantaneous water-use efficiency, and photorespiration rate. The ratio of photorespiration to net photosynthesis was much higher in the bracts than in leaves. Furthermore, water deficiency (due to the water-saving drip irrigation) had no significant effect on that ratio in the bracts. We hypothesized that photorespiration in the bracts alleviated photoinhibition and maintained photosynthetic activity., C. Zhang, D.-X. Zhan, H.-H. Luo, Y.-L. Zhang, W.-F. Zhang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public