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2. A new genus and species of Homoiopteridae from the Upper Carboniferous of the Intra-Sudetic Basin, Czech Republic (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera
- Creator:
- Prokop, Jakub and Nel, André
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Insecta, Dictyoneuridea, Palaeodictyoptera, Homoiopteridae, gen. n., sp. n., taxonomy, Palaeozoic, Upper Carboniferous, Duckmantian, Intra-Sudetic Basin, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- New palaeodictyopterid Paraostrava stanislavi gen. n., sp. n. is described from the Upper Carboniferous (Duckmantian) deposits of the Jan Šverma Mine in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic). The new taxon based on hindwing venation is attributed to Homoiopteridae and compared with the other homoiopterid and heolid genera within Homoiopteroidea. Due to the poor state preservation of Boltopruvostia robusta, we consider this taxon as Palaeodictyoptera: Homoiopteridae of uncertain position and restore the well defined genus Ostrava Kukalová, 1960 (type species Ostrava nigra Kukalová, 1960). Some uncertainties in the current state of knowledge on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Homoiopteridae are pointed out. The characters matrix used to separate the genera of Homoiopteroidea is included.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Achillea asplenifolia in Mähren, mit taxonomischen Bemerkungen
- Creator:
- Danihelka, Jiří
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Compositae, Anthemidae, yarrows, taxonomy, nomenclature, phytogeography, Czech Republic, and Central Europe
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Achillea asplenifolia Vent. is one of three central European diploid species (together with A. setacea Waldst. et Kit. and A. roseoalba Ehrend.) of the A. millefolium group. Its taxonomic and phytogeographic account from the central European perspective is given mainly on the basis of herbarium and field studies. The synonymy of A. asplenifolia includes A. millefolium var. crustata Rochel and A. scabra Host; both names are typified here. No variation deserving taxonomic recognition was observed. From the taxonomic point of view, A. asplenifolia is a clearly delimited species. It grows in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and Romania. From the phytogeographic point of view, it can be classified as a Pannonian geoelement with overlaps to Transylvania and to the marginal parts of the eastern Mediterranean. Within the Czech Republic, its distribution range includes only the warmest and driest part of southern Moravia, with the northernmost site situated near the town of Vyškov. In southern Moravia, A. asplenifolia was confined to extrazonal habitats, mainly to islands of halophilous vegetation such as moist saline meadows (formerly used as pastures) and lowland fens rich in mineral nutrients, but most of the sites were destroyed. Out of six or seven localities preserved up to present, only two host vital populations.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
4. Activity patterns of male Tengmalm´s owls, Aegolius funereus under varying food conditions
- Creator:
- Zárybnická, Markéta
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- food supply, prey delivery, nesting, Czech Republic, and Ore Mountains
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study investigated whether the males of the Tengmalm’s owl change their activity patterns, evaluated based on delivering prey to nestlings in respect of different food supply. During two breeding seasons 12 owl nests were continuously monitored by a camera system to obtain data on the time of male prey delivery and identification of prey items brought to nestlings. Even though the abundance of food supply differed in both years, there was no difference in the number of prey items delivered by males to their nests. Nevertheless, the species composition of food supply as well as the species composition of prey delivered by males to the nests differed between 2004 and 2006. Yet male activity patterns were the same in both years; they showed a monophasic cycle with one peak at the beginning of the night, around 22:00 and 23:00. Moreover, the males delivered prey to their chicks strictly at night time in both years and they started (the first evening arrival at the nest) and ended (the last morning arrival at the nest) their nest visiting in the same time in 2004 and 2006. The results of this study suggest that activity patterns of Tengmalm’s owl males in central Europe do not depend on varying food conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
5. Allium oleraceum in Slovakia: cytotype distribution and ecology
- Creator:
- Šafářová, Lenka, Duchoslav, Martin, Jandová, Michaela, and Krahulec, František
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Allium, Czech Republic, distribution, flow cytometry, habitat differentiation, polyploidy, spatial scales, and vertical distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The spatial distribution of cytotypes can provide valuable insights into the evolution of polyploid complexes. Previously, only tetraploid Allium oleraceum was reported from Slovakia. Analysing 863 individuals from 93 populations from Slovakia revealed an extensive variation in the DNA ploidy levels of Allium oleraceum (3x, 4x, 5x and 6x). Of the main cytotypes, the penta- and tetraploids had strongly overlapping distributions, although the pentaploids exhibited a tendency to occur more frequently in the southern and the tetraploids had a tendency to occur in the northern regions of Slovakia. A triploid cytotype was found in one population in the southern part of Slovakia, which is the third locality worldwide for this cytotype. The hexaploid cytotype was rare and sparsely occurred in western and southern Slovakia. Sixteen per cent of the populations sampled consisted of more than one ploidy level; the most common was a combination of penta- and tetraploids. The cytotypes differed with respect to altitude; the tetraploids were found significantly more frequently at higher altitudes than the penta- and hexaploids. When compared with reanalysed altitudinal distribution data from the Czech Republic divided into two geographic areas (Carpathian and Herzynian) the pattern found in the Carpathian part of the Czech Republic was similar to that in Slovakia, with tetraploids at the higher altitudes. The distribution in the Herzynian part (Bohemian Massif) was just the opposite: the tetraploids were more often found at lower altitudes than the penta- and hexaploids. Both tetra- and pentaploid cytotypes occurred in a wide and similar spectrum of habitats, while hexaploids were limited to human-influenced habitats. A local-scale distribution of cytotypes analysed in detail in the Slovak Karst area, showed surprising differences in the distribution of cytotypes on particular karst plains, which can be related to different land uses. Concerning the contrasting altitudinal differentiation of tetraploids in the regions compared, the results suggest that at least two different types of tetraploids occur in Central Europe. The apparent cytotype diversity in the surrounding Slovak Karst area may suggest the existence of a primary contact zone.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
6. Americké protiraketové základny v ČR a Polsku z pohledu domácí veřejnosti
- Creator:
- Jan Červenka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, U.S. missile defence, public opinion, Czech Republic, Poland, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V ČR a Polsku se v posledním období významným zahraničněpolitickým i vnitropolitickým tématem stal záměr vlády USA umístit v těchto zemích některé komponenty budovaného amerického systému obrany proti mezikontinentálním balistickým střelám, který by podle deklarovaného záměru měl chránit kontinentální území Spojených států před případným útokem prostřednictvím menšího počtu raket dlouhého doletu z tzv. „ničemných států“ (rogue states), jak je označuje americká administrativa. Vlády ČR a Polska byly v tomto směru nedávno oficiálně americkou stranou požádány diplomatickou nótou o jednání v této záležitosti. V případě Polska by se mělo jednat o odpalovací zařízení raket určených k ničení mezikontinentálních balistických střel, na českém území by pak měl být dislokován radar, jehož prostřednictvím protiraketový systém vyhledává nepřátelské střely a navádí na ně své rakety. Probíhající diskuse jak uvnitř obou oslovených středoevropských států, tak i na mezinárodním foru zřetelně ukazují, že jak konkrétní plán umístit základny antibalistické obrany v ČR a Polsku, tak zejména samotný záměr budovat byť i jen omezený systém strategické obrany tohoto druhu, představuje závažnou, značně citlivou a kontroverzní otázku s globálním dosahem. Pochopitelný a průběžně sílící zájem o věc projevují také obyvatelé obou zemí. A právě postojům české a polské veřejnosti k celému projektu, jejich aktuálnímu stavu a také možnému dalšímu vývoji se bude věnovat tento text., The text focuses on public opinion in Czech Republic and Poland relating to the plan of U.S. government to locate some parts of U.S. national missile defence in these countries. It describes and compares main shifts of developments of public attitudes in both countries to the project as well as to eventual referendum in this matter within the period up to the first half of 2007. The text shows main demographical, societal and political differences in both countries and discusses reasons and motives behind particular attitudes of Czech and Polish citizens., Jan Červenka., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. Antrakologický soubor z neolitického sídliště u Kolína: Příspěvek (nejen) k rekonstrukci lesní vegetace v neolitu České republiky
- Creator:
- Kočár, Petr, Šumberová, Radka, and Kočárová, Romana
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- analýza uhlíků, rekonstrukce lesní vegetace, neolit, Kolín, Česká republika, anthracology, reconstruction of forest vegetation, Neolithic, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Antrakologická analýza provedená na reprezentativním souboru uhlíků získaném systematickým plavením výplní zahloubených objektů na sídlišti kultury s vypíchanou keramikou v Kolíně poskytla poněkud netypické spektrum dřevin mladšího neolitu. Místo očekávaného souboru stanovištně náročných listnáčů a dubu se v lokalitě vyskytoval soubor dubu s významným podílem borovice a příměsí nenáročných listnatých dřevin (bříza, líska, jabloňovité) typických pro společenstva acidofilních doubrav. Článek pojednává o historii, metodických možnostech, úskalích a výhodách rekonstrukce lesní vegetace pomocí antrakologické analýzy (analýzy uhlíků) z archeologických lokalit. Podává stručný souhrn antrakologických dat z neolitu České republiky. Zdůrazňuje význam metody pro tento typ rekonstrukce jako zdroje informací nezávislého na pylových datech. Na konkrétním příkladu antrakologického spektra z Kolína rekonstruuje lesní vegetaci v zázemí neolitické lokality. and The anthracological analysis conducted on a representative assemblage of charcoal acquired in the systematic wet sieving of the fill of cut features at the Stroked Pottery culture settlement in Kolín produced a rather atypical spectrum of Late Neolithic trees. Instead of the anticipated assemblage of environmentally sensitive deciduous trees and oak, the site featured oak with a prominent share of pine and a mix of undemanding deciduous trees (birch, hazel, apple) typical for acidophilic oak communities. The article addresses the history, methodological possibilities, pitfalls and advantages of the reconstruction of forest vegetation using the anthracological analysis (analysis of charcoal) of data collected from archaeological sites. The work presents a brief summary of anthracological data from the Neolithic period in the territory of the Czech Republic, emphasising the importance of the method for this type of reconstruction as a source of information independent of pollen data. Using the concrete example of the anthracological spectrum from Kolín, the article reconstructs the forest vegetation surrounding Neolithic sites.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Archeologické křižovatky
- Creator:
- Mařík, Jan
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeologie, terénní výzkum, legislativa, Česká republika, archaeology, excavation, legislation, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Následující tři texty navazují na diskusi otevřenou v Archeologických rozhledech 62/2010 (712–719). Předmětem diskuse jsou úskalí aktuální praxe, kdy si profesionální archeologové, resp. instituce založené na principu neziskovosti, najímají na provedení terénních prací komerční organizace. Je zřejmé, že bez úpravy zákona týkajícího se archeologie je problém, vyplývající ze změny politicko-ekonomické situace České republiky, těžko řešitelný. Perspektivám připravovaných právních změn se věnuje třetí text, uzavírající diskusi. and The following three texts are a follow-up to the discussion opened up in Archeologické rozhledy 62/2010 (712–719). The subject matter of the discussion is the current practice when professional archaeologists or institutions established along the non-profit principle hire commercial organizations to carry out the fieldwork. It is evident that without modification of the law concerning archaeology, this problem – a consequence of the political and economic transition of the Czech Republic – is difficult to solve. The last, third text concluding the discussion is focused on the prepared legislative changes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
9. Archeologie a rozcestí jedno jest?
- Creator:
- Sokol, Petr
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeologie, terénní výzkum, legislativa, Česká republika, archaeology, excavation, legislation, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Následující tři texty navazují na diskusi otevřenou v Archeologických rozhledech 62/2010 (712–719). Předmětem diskuse jsou úskalí aktuální praxe, kdy si profesionální archeologové, resp. instituce založené na principu neziskovosti, najímají na provedení terénních prací komerční organizace. Je zřejmé, že bez úpravy zákona týkajícího se archeologie je problém, vyplývající ze změny politicko-ekonomické situace České republiky, těžko řešitelný. Perspektivám připravovaných právních změn se věnuje třetí text, uzavírající diskusi. and The following three texts are a follow-up to the discussion opened up in Archeologické rozhledy 62/2010 (712–719). The subject matter of the discussion is the current practice when professional archaeologists or institutions established along the non-profit principle hire commercial organizations to carry out the fieldwork. It is evident that without modification of the law concerning archaeology, this problem – a consequence of the political and economic transition of the Czech Republic – is difficult to solve. The last, third text concluding the discussion is focused on the prepared legislative changes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
10. Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Pyšek, Petr, Sádlo, Jiří, and Mandák, Bohumil
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- alien flora, complete list of taxa, immigration status, casual, naturalized, invasive, time of immigration, abundance, mode of introduction, habitat type, hybridization, life history, life form, life strategy, taxonomy, species characteristics, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Alien flora of the Czech Republic is presented. In Appendix 1, 1378 alien taxa (33.4% of the total flora) are listed with information on the taxonomic position, origin, invasive status (casual, naturalized, invasive; a new category post-invasive is introduced), time of immigration (archaeophytes vs. neophytes), habitat type invaded (natural, seminatural, human-made), vegetation invaded (expressed as occurence in phytosociological alliances), mode of introduction into the country (accidental, deliberate), and date of the first record. Number of phytogeographical as well as biological and ecological attributes were compiled for each species in the database; its structure is presented in Appendix 2 as a suggestion for similar work elsewhere. Czech alien flora consists of 24.1% of taxa which arrived before 1500 (archaeophytes) and 75.9% neophytes. There are 891 casuals, 397 naturalized and 90 invasive species. Of introduced neophytes, 21.9% became naturalized, and 6.6% invasive. Hybrids contribute with 13.3% to the total number of aliens, and the hybridization is more frequent in archaeophytes (18.7%) than in neophytes (11.7%). If the 184 hybrids are excluded from the total number of aliens, there are 270 archaeophytes and 924 neophytes in the Czech flora, i.e. total of 1195 taxa. Accidental arrivals account for 53.4% of all taxa and deliberate introduction for 46.6%; the ratio is reversed for neophytes considered separately (45.5 vs. 54.5%). Majority of aliens (62.8%) are confined to human- made habitats, 11.0% were recorded exclusively in natural or seminatural habitats, and 26.2% occur in both types of habitat. Archaeophytes and neophytes occur in 66 and 83 alliances, respectively, of the phytosociological system. Flora is further analysed with respect to origin, life histories, life forms and strategies. Only 310 species (22.4% of the total number of all alien taxa) are common or locally abundant; others are rare, based on a single locality or no longer present. The following 19 taxa are reported as new for the Czech alien flora: Agrostis scabra, Alhagi pseudalhagi, Allium atropurpureum, Bromus hordeaceus subsp. pseudothominii, Carduus tenuiflorus, Centaurea ×gerstlaueri, Centaurea nigra ×phrygia, Cerastium ×maureri, Gilia capitata, Helianthus strumosus, Hieracium pannosum, Hordeum leporinum, Oenothera coronifera, Papaver atlanticum subsp. mesatlanticum, Parietaria pennsylvanica, Polypogon fugax, Rodgersia aesculifolia, Sedum pallidum var. bithynicum, Sedum stoloniferum; these represent results of our own field research as well as of herbaria search, and unpublished data from colleagues. Other 44 taxa are reported as escaping from cultivation for the first time. Twenty two archaeophytes are listed in the Red List of the Czech flora.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/