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1592. TRH-like peptides
- Creator:
- Radovan Bílek, Marie Bičíková, and Libor Šafařík
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, peptidy, endokrinologie, peptids, endocrinology, TRH, TRH-like peptides, extrahypothalamic occurrence, biological function, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- TRH-like peptides are characterized by substitution of basic amino acid histidine (related to authentic TRH) with neutral or acidic amino acid, like glutamic acid, phenylalanin e, glutamine, tyrosine, leucin, valin, aspartic acid and asparagine. The presence of extrahypothalamic TRH-like peptides was reported in peripheral tissues including gastroin testinal tract, placenta, neural tissues, male reproductive system and certain endocrine tissues. Work deals with the biological function of TRH-like peptides in different parts of organisms where various mechanisms may serve for realisation of biological function of TRH-like peptides as negative feedback to the pituitary exerted by the TRH-like peptides, the role of pEEPam such as fertilization-promoting peptide, the mechanism influencing the proliferative ability of prostatic tissues, the neuroprotective and antidepressant function of TRH-like peptides in brain and the regulation of thyroid status by TRH-like peptides., R. Bílek, M. Bičíková, L. Šafařík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1593. Tumor necrosis factor α in various tissues of insulin-resistant obese koletsky rats: relations to insulin receptor characteristics
- Creator:
- Hřebíček, A., Rypka, M., Chmela, Z., Veselý, J., Magdaléna Kantorová, and Věroslav Golda
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, tumor necrosis factor α, insulin resistance, insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) was found to be significantly increased in skeletal muscles and retroperitoneal fat of obese insulin-resistant Koletsky rats as compared to control Wistar rats. This increase was accompanied by a depression of insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. Neither the insulin-binding capacity nor insulin receptor affinity were related to this TNFa increase in these tissues. In the liver, no significant changes of TNFa content and only a lowering of insulin-binding capacity were found. It is concluded that an increased TNFa content in muscles and fat (but not in the liver) contributes to insulin resistance by lowering insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, while other insulin receptor characteristics (insulin-binding capacity and affinity of insulin receptors to the hormone) do not seem to be influenced by this factor., A. Hřebíček, M. Rypka, Z. Chmela, J. Veselý, M. Kantorová, V. Golda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1594. Twenty-four hour blood pressure profile in subjects with different subtypes of primary aldosteronism
- Creator:
- Tomáš Zelinka and Jiří Widimský
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, primary aldosteronism, circadian blood pressure variability, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential differences in blood pressure (BP) profile in subjects with different forms of primary aldosteronism (PA). Simultaneously, we studied the effects of PA treatment on BP curve. We therefore monitored 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure values in 22 subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 22 subjects with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and 33 subjects with essential hypertension (EH) as controls. We found a significantly attenuated nighttime systolic BP decline in the APA group (P=0.02). Patients with IHA had lower nighttime systolic BP values (P=0.01) and also a diastolic BP decline (P=0.02) during the night in comparison with EH. We did not detect any significant differences in BP profile characteristics between APA and IHA. Specific treatment of primary aldosteronism (adrenalectomy, treatment with spironolactone) led to the normalization of the BP curve with a marked BP decline. Our study thus demonstrates a blunted diurnal BP variability in patients with primary aldosteronism the specific treatment of which normalized previously attenuated nocturnal BP fall., T. Zelinka, J. Widimský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1595. Two-generation diet-induced obesity model producing mice with increased amount of body fat in early adulthood
- Creator:
- Kubandová, J., Dušan Fabián, Burkuš, J., Štefan Čikoš, Soňa Czikková, Mozeš, Š., Šefčíková, Z., and Juraj Koppel
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, diet-induced obesity, fat deposits, body weight, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to develop a model producing obese mice in early adulthood (4-6 weeks) based on their over-nutrition during fetal and early postnatal development. The fertilized dams of the parental generation were fed the standard diet supplemented with high-energy nutritional product Ensure Plus during gestation and lactation. De livered weanlings were then fed with standard or supplemented diet and assessed for body fat deposits using EchoMRI at the ti me of early and late adulthood. Maternal over-feeding during th e period before weaning had the most significant effect on obesity development in the filial generation. In weanlings, signific antly higher body fat deposits and average body weight were recorded. Later, further significant increase in percentage of body fat in both male and female mice was observed. Withdrawal of the Ensure Plus supplement caused a decrease in the percentage of body fat in part of the filial generation. In offspring fed the standard diet, higher fat deposits persisted till the time of late adulthood. We conclude that this diet-induced obesity model might be used in exploration of the effects of elevated body fat on physiological functions of various organ systems during juvenile and early adulthood periods of life of a human being., J. Kubandová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1596. Two-phase response of rat pineal melatonin to lethal whole-body irradiation with gamma rays
- Creator:
- Kassayová, M., Eva Ahlersová, and Ivan Ahlers
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ionizující záření, ionizing radiation, pineal melatonin, serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- M. Kassayová, E. Ahlersová, I. Ahlers. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1597. Ultrastructural distribution of the S100A1 Ca2+-binding protein in the human heart
- Creator:
- Bohumil Maco, Mandinova, A., Dürrenberger, M. B., Schäfer, B. W., Uhrík, B., and Heizmann, C. W.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, imunocytochemie, immunocytochemistry, human heart muscle, Ca2+-binding proteins, S100A1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Impaired calcium homeostasis and altered expression of Ca2+-binding proteins are associated with cardiomyopathies, myocardial hypertrophy, infarction or ischemia. S100A1 protein with its modulatory effect on different target proteins has been proposed as one of potential candidates which could participate in these pathological processes. The exact localization of S100A1 in human heart cells on the ultrastructural level accompanied with biochemical determination of its target proteins may help clarify the role of S100A1 in heart muscle. In the present study the distribution of the S100A1 protein using postembedding (Lowicryl K4M) immunocytochemical method in human heart muscle has been determined quantitatively, relating number of antigen sites to the unit area of a respective structural component. S100A1 antigen sites have been detected in elements of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), in myofibrils at all levels of sarcomere and in mitochondria, the density of immunolabeling at Z-lines being about 3 times and at SR more than 5 times higher than immunolabeling of remaining structural components. The presence of the S100A1 in SR and myofibrils may be related to the known target proteins for S100A1 at these sites., B. Maco, A. Mandinová, M.B. Dürrenberger, B.W. Schäfer, B. Uhrík, C.W. Heizmann., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1598. Unexpected Inverse Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Serum Homocysteine in Healthy Subjects
- Creator:
- Hana Rosolová, Jaroslav Šimon, Mayer Jr., O., Jaroslav Racek, Dierzé, T., and Jacobsen, D. W.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Homocysteine, Insulin resistance, Coronary risk factors, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Mild hyperhomocysteinemia has been established as a new independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance is associated with a high risk of coronary heart disease. Our objective was to determine if any relationship exists between the metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects and total serum homocysteine levels. Sixty-six healthy volunteers (33 males and 33 females) were selected from the population of Pilsen. Insulin resistance was measured by the Insulin Suppression Test using Octreotide. Steady-state plasma glucose concentrations at the end of the test period provided a quantitative measure of insulin resistance. Serum homocysteine level was estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum folate and vitamin B12 were estimated using commercial kits on an Abbott IMx analyzer. All other laboratory tests were performed by standard methods in a routine biochemical laboratory. Subjects with the highest tertile of steady-state plasma glucose showed a significantly higher body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma triglyceride levels, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and lower HDL-cholesterol, i.e. an insulin resistance pattern. These subjects had significantly lower serum homocysteine levels compared with non-insulin resistant subjects. The negative association of insulin resistance and serum homocysteine was unexpected. The contribution of plasma folate levels to serum homocysteine levels and serum creatinine was significantly negative and positive, respectively., H. Rosolová, J. Šimon, O. Mayer Jr., J. Racek, T. Dierzé, D. W. Jacobsen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1599. Update on the role of spinal cord TRPV1 receptors in pain modulation
- Creator:
- Spicarova, D., Nerandzic, V., and Jiří Paleček
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mícha, spinal cord, hyperalgesia, capsaicin, TRPV1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The structure, expression and function of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor were intensively studied since the cloning in 1997 and TRPV1 receptors are now considered to act as transducers and molecular integrators of nociceptive stimuli in the periphery. In contrast, spinal TRPV1 receptors were studied less extensively and their role in pain modulation is still not fully understood. This short review is a follow up on our previous summary in this area ( Spicarova and Palecek 2008). The aim was to review preferentially the most recent findings concerning the role of the spinal TRPV1 receptors, published within the last five years. The update is given on the expression and function of the spinal TRPV1 receptors, their activation by endogenous agonists, interaction between the endocannabinoid and endovanillod system and possible role of the spinal TRPV1 receptors in pathological pain states. There is now mounting evidence that TRPV1 receptors may be an important element in modulation of nociceptive information at the spinal cord level and represent an interesting target for analgesic therapy., D. Spicarova, V. Nerandzic, J. Palecek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1600. Upper airway dilator muscle weakness following intermittent and sustained hypoxia in the rat: effects of a superoxide scavenger
- Creator:
- Skelly, J. R., Rowan, S. C., Jones, J. F. X., and O´Halloran, K. D.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, antioxidants, fatigue, hypoxia/re-oxygenation, intermittent hypoxia, superoxide scavenger, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, upper airway muscles, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder associated with upper airway muscle dysfunction. Agents that improve respiratory muscle performance may have considerable therapeutic value. We examined the effects of acute exposure to sustained and intermittent hypoxia on rat pharyngeal dilator muscle function. Additionally, we sought to test the efficacy of antioxidant treatment in ameliorating or preventing hypoxia-related muscle dysfunction. Isometric contractile and endurance properties of isolated rat sternohyoid muscle bundles were examined at 35 °C in vitro. Muscle bundles were exposed to one of four gas treatments: hyperoxia (control), sustained hypoxia (SH), intermittent hypoxia (IH) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR), in the absence or presence of the superoxide scavenger – Tempol (10 mM). Stress-frequency relationship was determined in response to electrical stimulation (10-100 Hz in increments of 10-20 Hz, train duration: 300 ms). Muscle performance was also assessed during repetitive muscle stimulation (40 Hz, 300 ms every 2 s for 2.5 min). Compared to control, IH and HR treatments significantly decreased sternohyoid muscle force. The negative inotropic effect of the two gas protocols was similar, but both were of lesser magnitude than the effects of SH. SH, but not IH and HR, increased muscle fatigue. Tempol significantly increased sensitivity to stimulation in all muscle preparations and caused a leftward shift in the stressfrequency relationship of IH and SH treated muscles. Tempol did not ameliorate sternohyoid muscle fatigue during SH. We conclude that Tempol increases upper airway muscle sensitivity to stimulation but only modestly ameliorates respiratory muscle weakness during intermittent and sustained hypoxic conditions in vitro. Respiratory muscle fatigue during sustained hypoxia appears unrelated to oxidative stress., J. R. Skelly, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public