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Start Over Subject Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie

672. Gut peptide hormones and pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus

Creator:
Michal Huml, Jiří Kobr, Konrad Siala, Varvařovská, J., Renata Pomahačová, Karlíková, M., and Josef Sýkora
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, děti, children, diabetes mellitus type 1, gut peptide hormones, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aims of our study were to evaluate plasma levels of gut hormones in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in comparison with healthy contro ls and to corr elate plasma concentrations of gut hormones with blood biochemistry, markers of metabolic control and with anthropometric parameters. We measured postprandial levels of specific gut peptide hormones in T1DM children. Amylin, glucos e-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and polypeptide YY (PYY) were assessed in 19 T1DM children and 21 healthy reference controls. Multiplex assay kit (LINCOplex®) was used for determination of the defined plasma hormone levels. T1DM subjects had significantly reduce d amylin (p<0.001) and ghrelin (p<0.05) levels, whereas GIP (p<0.05) was elevated when compared with healthy controls. Pl asma levels of other measured hormones did not differ statistically between the studied groups. Further analysis of T1DM patien ts demonstrated an association between body mass index and GL P-1 (r=0.4642; p<0.05), leptin (r=0.5151; p<0.05), and amylin (r=0.5193; p<0.05). Ghrelin levels positively correlated with serum HDL cholesterol (r=0.4760; p<0.05). An inverse co rrelation was demonstrated with triglycerides (TG) (r=-0. 5674; p<0.01), insulin dosage (r= -0.5366; p<0.05), and HbA1c% (r= -0.6864; p<0.01). Leptin was inversely correlated with TG (r= -0.6351; p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis was performed to enlighten the predictive variables. Our study demonstrated an altered secretion pattern of gut peptide hormones in T1DM children. A close correlation was revealed between these peptides as well as with blood biochemistry, markers of me tabolic control and with anthropometric parameters. Further studies are essential to explore this issue in T1DM children., M. Huml ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

673. Hair cortisol concentration differs across site and person: localization and consistency of responses to a brief pain stressor

Creator:
Sharpley, C. F., Kauter, K. G., and McFarlane, J. R.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kortizol, vlasy, stres (fyziologie), cortisol, hair, stress (physiology), peripheral HPA axis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Although in vitro studies have shown that cortisol concentrations in human and animal hair respond to environmental stressors, few data have been reported regarding the in vivo variability of hair cortisol to brief pain stressors. As an extension of a previous study, hair was collected and assayed for cortisol concentrations from each of three sites (elbow, mid-forearm, wrist) before and after participants immersed their hand in ice water for 1 min. Results showed that the "localization" boundary of hair cortisol responses previously reported was able to be reduced to only 250 mm between sites. Furthermore, all participants showed considerable variability in hair cortisol across the three sites at each collection period, although consistency across participants in overall responsivity of hair cortisol to the pain stressor was observed., C. F. Sharpley, K. G. Kauter, J. R. McFarlane., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

675. Have main types of primary aldosteronism different phenotype?

Creator:
Z. Šomlóová, Indra, T., Jan Rosa, Ondřej Petrák, Branislav Štrauch, Tomáš Zelinka, Robert Holaj, and Jiří Widimský
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, primary aldosteronism, aldosterone producing adenoma, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, pulse wave velocity, metabolic profile, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension with a high frequency of cardiovascular complications. We found in our previous study higher occurrence of metabolic disturbances in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) compared to subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). The aim of our present study is to evaluate potential differences in the frequency of endorgan damage (arterial stiffness and microalbuminuria) between two main types of PA. The diagnosis of the particular form of PA was based on adrenal venous sampling and/or histopathological examination. We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 72 patients with PA (36 with IHA, 36 with APA). The arterial stiffness was expressed as the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the renal damage as urinary albumin excretion levels (UAE). Patients with IHA had significantly (p<0.03) higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (17 % in APA, 35 % in IHA), higher triglycerides (1.37±0.71 mmol/l in APA, 1.85±0.87 mmol/l in IHA), lower HDL cholesterol (1.25±0.28 mmol/l in APA, 1.06±0.25 mmol/l in IHA), higher PWV (7.91±1.61 m/s in APA, 8.99±1.77 m/s in IHA) and higher UAE (12.93±2.21 mg/l in APA, 28.09±6.66 mg/l in IHA). It seems that patients with IHA may have a slightly different phenotype compared to APA., Z. Šomlóová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

676. Head-up tilt rapidly compromises hemodynamics in healthy anesthetized swine

Creator:
Mikuláš Mlček, Jan Bělohlávek, Michal Huptych, Tomáš Bouček, Belza, T., Lacko, S., Krupickova, P., Hrachovina, M., Popkova, M., Petr Neužil, and Otomar Kittnar
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hemodynamika, hemodynamics, head-up tilt, pressure-volume loop, cardiac output, swine, oximetry, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aims were to explore the effect of head-up tilt (HUT) to 30 and 60 degrees on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in anesthetized healthy swine. The data serve as a reference for a study of resuscitation efficacy at HUT such as during transport. Nine healthy swine (49±4 kg) were anesthetized and multiple sensors including myocardial pressure-volume loops catheter, carotid flow probe, blood pressure catheters, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry and mixed venous oximetry (SVO2) catheter were introduced and parameters continuously recorded. Experimental protocol consisted of baseline in supine position (15 min), 30 degrees HUT (15 min), recovery at supine position (15 min) and 60 degrees HUT (5 min). Vacuum mattress was used for body fixation during tilts. We found that 30 and 60 degrees inclination led to significant immediate reduction in hemodynamic and oximetry parameters. Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) decreased from 98 at baseline to 53 and 39, respectively. Carotid blood flow dropped to 47 % and 22 % of baseline values, end diastolic volume to 49 % and 53 % and stroke volume to 47 % and 45 % of baseline. SVO2 and tissue oximetry decreased by 17 and 21 percentage points. The values are means. In conclusions, within minutes, both 30 and 60 degrees head-up tilting is poorly tolerated in anesthetized swine. Significant differences among individual animals exist., M. Mlcek, J. Belohlavek, M. Huptych, T. Boucek, T. Belza, S. Lacko, P. Krupickova, M. Hrachovina, M. Popkova, P. Neuzil, O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

677. Hearing function in heterozygous carriers of a pathogenic GJB2 gene mutation

Creator:
Daniel Groh, Pavel Seeman, Jilek, M., Jiří Popelář, Zdeněk Kabelka, and Josef Syka
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, c.35delG mutation, audiogram normalization, high-frequency audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, high-frequency hearing loss, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The most frequent hereditary hearing loss is caused by mutations in the GJB2 gene coding for the gap junction beta 2 protein Connexin 26 (Cx26). In contrast to many studies performed in patients with bi-allelic mutations, audiometric studies on heterozygotes are sparse and often contradictory. To evaluate hearing function in heterozygous carriers of the GJB2 c.35delG mutation, audiometry over the extended frequency range and the recording of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), i.e., transient-evoked OAEs (TEOAEs) and distortion product OAEs (DPOAEs), were performed in a group of parents and grandparents of deaf children homozygous for the GJB2 c.35delG mutation. The comparison of audiograms between control and heterozygous subjects was enabled using audiogram normalization for age and sex. Hearing loss, estimated with this procedure, was found to be significantly larger in GJB2 c.35delG heterozygous females in comparison with controls for the frequencies of 8-16 kHz; the deterioration of hearing in heterozygous men in comparison with controls was not statisticaly significant. A comparison of TEOAE responses and DPOAE levels between GJB2 c.35delG heterozygotes and controls did not reveal any significant differences. The results prove the importance of using audiometry over the extended frequency range and audiogram normalization for age and sex to detect minor hearing impairments, even in a relatively small group of subjects of different ages., D. Groh, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

678. Heart failure and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition: problems and perspectives

Creator:
Fedor Šimko and Šimko, J.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdeční selhání, heart failure, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, local angiotensin II, chymase, neurohumoral activation, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Heart failure has become the most widely studied syndrome in cardiology over the recent years. Despite the encouraging achievements by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, the mortality of patients with chronic heart failure remains high. There are several factors which can potentially be responsible for the fact that about 80% of patients with a failing heart defy protection by ACE inhibitors: different activation of tissue and systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in a particular heart disease and the distinct ability of various ACE inhibitors to block cardiac ACE, alternative pathways for angiotensin II formation (chymase), genetic polymorphism of the RAS system and the complexity of neuroendocrine activation. Moreover, chronic heart failure can provoke disturbances in the reactivity of peripheral vessels and metabolism of striated muscles. These factors may then potentiate the vicious circle of heart failure. New therapeutic approaches, which could further reduce the mortality in patients with heart failure involve angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists and blockers of the endothelin receptor. A number of questions associated with functions of the RAS still remain open and their solution could be of substantial benefit for patients with a failing heart., F. Šimko, J. Šimko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

679. Heart rate and increased intravascular volume

Creator:
Miroslav Souček, Tomáš Kára, Pavel Jurák, Josef Halámek, Lenka Špinarová, Meluzín, J., Toman, J., Ivan Řiháček, Josef Šumbera, and Petr Fráňa
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ledviny, srdeční rytmus, kidneys, heart rate, atrial mechanisms, intravascular volume, breathing, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The objective was to establish whether an intravascular volume increase leads to a heart rate (HR) increase without increased sympathetic tonus. HR changes at rest and at deep breathing (6/min - simulated increase of atrial filling pressure) were measured in patients after heart transplantation. Evaluation of dependency of HR changes on breathing depth was done through a new time series methodology. The data was evaluated through graphs displaying a significant increase in the graph area at deep breathing, when compared with breathing at rest (p < 0.01). We presume that an increase in HR corresponds to increased intravascular volume and malfunctioning kidneys., M. Souček, T. Kára, P. Jurák, J. Halámek, L. Špinarová, J. Meluzím, J. Toman, I. Řiháček, J. Šumbera, P. Fráňa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

680. Heart rate variability and inflammatory response in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia

Creator:
Ivan Žila, Daniela Mokrá, Kopincova, J., Kolomaznik, M., Michal Javorka, and Andrea Čalkovská
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdeční rytmus, autonomní nervový systém, heart rate, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, interleukin 6, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, rat model, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of cardiac autonomic control in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 μg/kg b.w.) and control group with an equivalent volume of saline. ECG recordings were done before (base) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after LPS or saline administration. HRV magnitude was quantified by time and frequency-domain analysis (mean RR interval, SDRR, RMSSD, spectral powers in low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands. Heart tissue homogenates and plasma were analyzed to determine interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress level (TBARS). Administration of lipopolysaccharide was followed by continuous rise in colonic body temperature compared to saline-treated controls. Endotoxemia in rats was accompanied by significant decrease in HRV spectral activity in high-frequency range at maximal body temperature (logHFpower: 1.2±0.5 vs. 1.9± 0.6 ms2, P<0.01). Increased IL-6 was found in heart tissue homogenates of LPS rats (8.0±0.6 vs. 26.4±4.8 pg/ml, (P<0.05). In conclusions, reduced HRV in HF band may indicate a decreased parasympathetic activity in LPS-induced endotoxemia as basic characteristics of altered cardiac control during response to endotoxemia., I. Zila, D. Mokra, J. Kopincova, M. Kolomaznik, M. Javorka, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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