1a_Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is the main structural component of caveolae, acting as a modulator of signal transduction. CAV-1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of microvascular complications in Type 1 diabetes (DM). We sought to determine whether fractionation on sucrose gradient (SF), a method routinely utilized for isolation of caveolar fractions in homogenous cell lines, is applicable for CAV-1-related studies in tissues with multiple cell types, such as the normal rat kidney cortex (C). Using this method, we also determined whether streptozotocin- induced DM in rats (4-week duration) leads to changes in renal subcellular targeting of CAV-1, and evaluated the effects of tight metabolic control (insulin, 12 IU /day) and angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan (4 weeks, 20 mg/kg/day). Immunoblotting of individual fractions obtained from C revealed CAV-1 expression in fractions 4-6 that corresponded to light scattering band that typically forms after separating cellular fractions on SF. These fractions were considered to be caveolar fractions. In C, CAV-1 was also detectable in fracti ons 8-10. These and all other fractions except caveolar fractions were considered to be non-caveolar fractions. A ratio of caveolar/non-caveolar expression of CAV-1 (CNCR) was computed for each renal cortex allowing comparisons of CAV-1 subcellular distribution in C and DM rats, and effects of treatments., 2a_Using this approach, DM was characterized by marked increases in CNCR as compared to C (5.54±1.56 vs. 2.65±1.33, p<0. 05) that were reduced by treatment with insulin (0.78±0. 24, p<0.01 vs. DM) or losartan (0.84±0.06, p<0.01 vs. DM). In summary, analysis of CAV-1 following the SF of renal cortex detected similar distribution of the protein as in homogenous cell lines, DM-induced changes in CAV-1 targeting, and the effects of pharmacological treatments. This suggests applicability of SF in studies focusing on CAV-1 targeting in organs with various cell lines in vivo., H. Demová, R. Komers., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Based on the biological significance of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and its potential role during sepsis, burns and ischemia-reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that the systemic response to traumatic shock (TS) is accompanied by tissue-specific UPP alterations. Therefore, we studied tissue ubiquitin pools, chymotryptic- and tryptic-like proteasome peptidase activities and ubiquitin-protein ligation (UbPL) rates in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney using a clinically relevant porcine model (bilateral femur fracture/hemorrhage followed by fluid resuscitation). TS induced a systemic reduction of tissue- specific high molecular mass ubiquitin-protein conjugates (>50 kDa). Free ubiquitin was unaffected. The dynamic organ patterns of ubiquitin pools paralleled the typical physiological response to TS and resuscitation. Reduction of ubiquitin-protein conjugates was most pronounced in heart and lung (p<0.05 vs. control) and accompanied by significant increases in proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities in these organs. Unlike all other tissues, spleen proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities were significantly reduced 10 h after TS. These findings support the concept that the UPP could play an important role in regulation of cell functions during the early whole-body response to TS. The UPP might be a therapeutic target to improve the metabolic care after TS, particularly in the heart, lung, and spleen., M. B. Patel, S. A. Earle, M. Majetschak., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
This study used an experimental early rehabilitation model combining an enriched environment, multisensory (visual, acoustic and olfactory) stimulation and motor training after traumatic brain injury (via fluid-percussion model) to simulate early multisensory rehabilitation. This therapy will be used by brain injured patients to improve neural plasticity and to restore brain integration functions. Motor dysfunction was evaluated using a composite neuroscore test. Direct structural effects of traumatic brain injury were examined using Fluoro-Jade staining, which allows identification of degenerating neural cell bodies and processes. Animals in the rehabilitation model group performed significantly better when tested for neuromotor function than the animals in standard housing in the 7-day and 15-day interval after injury (7d: p=0.005; 15d: p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower numbers of Fluoro-Jade positive cells (degenerating neurons) in the rehabilitation model group (n=5: mean 13.4) compared to the standard housing group (n=6: mean 123.8) (p<0.005). It appears that the housing of animals in the rehabilitation model led to a clear functional increase in neuromotor functions and to reduced neural loss compared with the animal group in standard housing., M. Lippert-Grüner. M. Maegele, J. Pokorný, D. N. Angelov, O. Švestková, M. Wittner, S. Trojan., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Reduced physical activity and abundant energy intake are two most common factors leading to uncontrolled body weight gain. But these factors are not under entire internal consciousness control; they are also partially genetically determined and are affected by for example food marketing practices. In addition to these two widely accepted factors, there are some other factors, whose could also contribute to the recent increase of obesity prevalence. For example, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, sleeping habits, more stable inside room temperatures (using of heating and air conditioning), high prescription of medications with weight gain as side effect, psychosocial factors, unfavourable socioeconomic status and unpleasant urban environment are the background factors which should not be omitted if obesity/BMI determination should be fully understood and kept under control. In conclusion, unhealthy life style is necessary, but not sufficient for obesity development., J. A. Hubáček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Das Buch entstand mit Unterstützung: des Masaryk-Instituts und Archivs der Tschechischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Orthopedädie und orthopädische Chirurgie
The effect of increased coronary flow on transmural ventricular repolarization was investigated in six pentobabital-anesthetized sheep. Fresh blood at 10 ml/min was injected into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in addition to the normal coronary flow. Unipolar electrocardiograms were simultaneously registered from epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium with fine plunge needles. Activation-recovery interval (ARI) was measured from the unipolar electrocardiograms and was used for estimating the ventricular repolarization duration. It was found that intracoronary blood injection (n=3) prolonged ARI in the epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium by an average of 34 ± 16, 28 ± 18 and 25 ± 13 ms, respectively (p<0.01). Pretreatment with nitro-L-arginine (n=3), a nitric synthase inhibitor, diminished the flow-induced ARI prolongation across the ventricular wall. In conclusion, an increase in coronary flow lengthens the duration of transmural ventricular repolarization. These effects appear to be mediated by nitric oxide from the coronary endothelium., Y.-Z. Zhang, B. He, L.-X. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of combination of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and an antioxidant on permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (n=9) received no treatment, HBO group (n=9) was treated for 90 min at 2.5 absolute atmosphere for 3 days, the U-74389G group (n=8) received single U-74389G injection (3 mg/kg), the HBO + U-74389G group (n=8 ) received both HBO and U-74389G treatments. Treatments were initiated within the first 10 min after MCAO. After 3 days, the infarct volumes in rat brains were measured. The infarct ratios were 25.6±6.5 % for the control group, 21.9±6.4 % for the HBO group, 15.7±5.7 % for U-74389G group and 12.5±3.8 % for HBO + U74389G group. The infarct volumes were significantly reduced in rats treated with U-74389G (p< 0.05) and combination therapy (p <0.05). HBO failed to reduce infarct volume significantly. We concluded that 1) U-74389G is more beneficial than HBO on permanent MCAO in rats, and 2) a combined therapy failed to significantly improve infarct volume more than either single treatment., G. Acka, A. Sen, Z. Canakci, S. Yildiz, A. Akin, G. Uzun, H. Cermik, I. Yildirim, S. Kokpinar., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of regular daily consumption of white wine on oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk markers. Forty-two healthy male volunteers consumed 375 ml of white wine daily. Each participant provided three venous blood samples (before wine consumption, following the wine consumption period and again a month later). Levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A I, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, paraoxonase 1, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured. Immediately following the month of white wine consumption there was a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001), paraoxonase 1 (p<0.001), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and reduced glutathione (p<0.01) levels, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activities (p<0.0001), and a decrease in oxidation protein products (p<0.001) and TBARS (p<0.05) concentrations. However, there was also a clear increase in homocysteine (p<0.0001) after a month of white wine consumption. The results of our non-placebo controlled trial suggest that regular daily white wine consumption is associated not only with both antioxidative and antiatherogenic effects but also with a potentially proatherogenic increase of homocysteine concentrations. and D. Rajdl, J. Racek, L. Trefil, K. Siala.