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Start Over Subject aggression

1. Depozita identifikovaná v římských příkopech na lokalitě Mušov-Neurissen a jejich příklady zaznamenané ve vybraných areálech s doklady pobytu římských vojsk

Creator:
Knápek, Radka and Šedo, Ondrej
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Roman period deposits, rituals of transition, aggression, archaeology of warfare, Roman army, and barbarians
Language:
Czech
Description:
When research of the Roman ditch in the Neurissen tract in Mušov (Moravia, The Czech Republic) took place, only entirely isolated artifacts were found in areas situated next to the heights of the perimeter of the Burgstall hill. Animal bones, consisting in several cases of articulated parts of skeletons, had a special role (ditches Mušov-Neurissen II and Mušuv-Neurissen IV where the human skeletons were also found.) Interpretation of the finds in this position is impossible without reference to other sites. Therefore we present several comparative examples of analogical finding situations in places where the Roman army presence was proven (Ruhhof, Hulín-Pravčice, Pilismarót-Szobi rév, Stillfried, Newstead, Brno-Vojtova street). Attention is also given to other places with significant strength of evidence (Regensburg-Harting, Kaiseraugst, Bratislava-Rusovce, Kalkriese).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Inbreeding does not reduce aggressiveness in wild male mice, Mus musculus

Creator:
Thob, Michaela, Ilmonen, Petteri, Penn, Dustin J., Stopka, Pavel, and Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
aggression, Salmonella, and wild house mouse
Language:
English
Description:
Inbreeding reduces quality and survival of offspring due to increased homozygosity and the expression of recessive deleterious mutations. However, there are only few studies examining how inbreeding affects behavior in adults. We aimed to replicate an earlier study in wild house mice by inducing a stress factor - infection with Salmonella. To examine whether less inbred males are more aggressive and have a higher probability to win brief encounters, we confronted full-sib inbred and outbred males in a neutral arena and recorded aggressive as well as defensive behaviors. Contrary to our expectations, any effects of inbreeding on aggressive and defensive behaviors were not dependent on infection status. Furthermore neither infection treatment nor inbreeding affected the amount of aggressive and defensive behaviors displayed by males. Short-term aggression assays may be a useful tool for investigating certain aspects of aggressive behavior; however, long-term aggression assays might be more suitable to monitor all aspects of competitive ability and antagonistic interactions as well as effects of certain treatments on competitive ability and aggressiveness. These results may have important implications for opposed selection pressures arising from female choice and male-male competition.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

3. Mating competition and parentage assessment in Ptomascopus morio (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A case for resource defense polygyny

Creator:
Suzuki, Seizi, Nagano, Masahiro, and Kobayashi, Norio
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Silphidae, Ptomascopus, mating competition, resource defense, aggression, parentage analysis, and AFLP
Language:
English
Description:
Ptomascopus morio of both sexes are attracted to vertebrate carcasses, a necessary resource for reproduction. The stage during reproduction that resource defense was most intense and the hypothesis that large beetles were better competitors and sired a larger share of the offspring were supported and tested. Male-male aggression (pushing, biting and mounting) was commonly observed before and during oviposition, but rarely after the larvae hatched. Few female-female aggressive interactions were observed at any time. Parentage analysis of the offspring of six groups of two males and two females each reproducing on a separate carcass revealed that the large males sired more of the offspring than small males. Paternity analysis, using AFLP markers, revealed that larger males had higher paternity than smaller males, but the number of eggs produced by each female did not differ between large and small females. This suggests that competition among males is intense until the end of oviposition and that resident (large) males can acquire more mates and sire more offspring than smaller males; competition among females was not evident at any time.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Percepce příčin agresivního jednání v domovech pro osoby s mentálním postižením

Creator:
Brožová, Gabriela and Vančura, Jan
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
aggression, attribution, intellectual disability, agrese, atribuce, and intelektové postižení
Language:
Czech
Description:
Problematika agresivity v zařízeních ústavního typu, které pečují o osoby s mentálním postižením, bývá tradičně nahlížena jako výhradní problém osob s postižením. V příspěvku se snažíme ukázat, že k problematice agrese je potřebné přistupovat se širší perspektivou, která zahrnuje nejen dispozice osob s postižením, ale také to, do jaké míry prostředí instituce a samotní zaměstnanci (přímo či nepřímo) k agresivnímu jednání klientů přispívají. Teoretický přehled charakterizuje hypotetické zdroje agresivního jednání klientů a zaměstnanců. Vlastní výzkum se zaměřuje na způsob, jakým zaměstnanci uvažují o příčinách agrese v instituci. Výsledky mj. ukazují tendenci zaměstnanců dopouštět se v hodnocení agresivního jednání základní atribuční chyby. Studie tak nabízí konkrétní výzvu pro další práci na zlepšení kvality péče v domovech pro osoby s mentálním postižením.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Školní šikana z pohledu morální kognice: přehled vybraných poznatku

Creator:
Fráňová, Lenka
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
aggression, bullying, children, cognition, morality, agrese, šikana, děti, kognice, and morálka
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tato přehledová studie se zaměřuje na morální kognici v kontextu šikany na základní škole. Vychází převážně ze současné odborné literatury. Shrnuje vybrané teoretické a empirické poznatky a načrtává možné směry dalšího zkoumání. Článek se zabývá jednak atribucí příčin šikany, jednak morálními aspekty motivace jednotlivých účastníků šikany. V rámci druhého tématu stať postupně sleduje tři provázané oblasti: normativní oblast (normy, hodnoty a přesvědčení), oblast empatie a nakonec Bandurův koncept morální vyvázanosti.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Social factors affecting litters in families of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus

Creator:
Scheibler, Elke, Weinandy, René, and Gattermann, Rolf
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
aggression, peri-natal factors, mothers, and pups
Language:
English
Description:
Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) live territorially in families consisting of a reproducing founder pair and their non-reproducing young. Intra-family aggression occurs and is reported to be mainly caused by reproductive competition between females and the loss of reproducing founder animals. The current study investigated the impact of family traits (size, density and sex ratio) and aggressive inter-individual interactions on litters. Characteristics like pup mortality, litter size, sex ratio, and weekly body mass gain were tested. Across litters, significant correlations were found between litter size and family size (r = - 0.507, df = 25, p = 0.008) and between litter size and family density (r = - 0.404, df = 25, p = 0.01). Pup mortality was influenced by family size (r = 0.556, df = 25, p = 0.003) and by family density (r = 0.328, df = 25, p = 0.04). Unexpectedly, the influencing factor “occurrence of aggression” between adult family members or “expulsion of the mother” during lactation of the young had no influence on litters’ features. Family size and family density could be shown to be the most dominant parameters affecting the fate of the offspring and regulating the reproduction of the family.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/