Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress inadequate immune response. Psoriasis is recognized as a T -cell driven immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disease with skin manifestation. Effective therapeutical approach to treat psoriasis is Goeckerman therapy (GT ). The aim of this study was to compare the number of Treg in the peripheral blood of 27 psoriatic patients and 19 controls and to evaluate the influence of GT on Treg population in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis. There was no significant difference in the relative number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of healthy blood donors and patients with psoriasis before initiation of GT (P = 0.2668). In contrary, the relative number of Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis after GT was significantly higher than those found in healthy blood donors (P = 0.0019). Moreover, the relative number of Treg is significantly increased in psoriatic patients after Goeckerman therapy compared to the pre-treatment level (P = 0.0042). In conclusion, this significant increase in Treg count after GT is probably associated with amelioration of inflammation by GT , as disease activity expressed as PASI decreased in our patients by GT (P = 0.0001)., Kateřina Kondělková, Doris Vokurková, Jan Krejsek, Lenka Borská, Zdeněk Fiala, Květa Hamáková, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 39
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán
BACKGROUND: The current treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of performing periodic whole blood phlebotomies. Erythrocytapheresis (EA) can remove up to three times more red blood cells per single procedure and could thus have a clinical benefit. A prospective study of 30 consecutive cases of HH were included in a periodic EA program. METHODS AND PATIENTS: EA were performed using a discontinuous flow cell separators. The protocol consisted of a bimonthly EA until normalization of the serum ferritin was reached. The aim was to reduce the total erythrocyte volume by 25-35%, eventually, to adjust the amount so that hematocrit would not drop below 0.25. RESULTS: 530 +/- 101 ml of erythrocytes were removed (median 517, range 116-761 ml). Iron depletion (ferritin < 20 microg/l) was achieved in all patients after a mean 6.9 +/- 7.6 months, median 5 months, range 1-36 months and a mean 14 EA sessions. The procedures were well tolerated and there were no severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HH patients treated with EA achieved iron depletion quickly under good conditions of tolerance. The efficacy, speed, tolerability, and more favorable schedule of an EA program facilitate treatment of HH. and V. Rehácek, M. Bláha, H. Jirousová, J. Cernohorská, P. Papousek
The pilot study deals with the clinical results of the regenerative therapeutical method in intraosseous periodontal defects done by surgical augmentation procedure using a material of a new generation prepared on the basis of a bioactive glass. A group of 10 individuals were treated properly for chronic periodontitis. Some of treated infraalveolar periodontal lesions, both periodontal pockets and interradicular defects, persisted or recurred in posterior teeth. In order to eliminate them they were indicated for advanced periodontal surgery or regenerative surgical therapy stimulating healing processes of supportive tissues, mostly alveolar bone around treated teeth. Relevant clinical parameters, i. e. values of the pocket depth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment were evaluated before and after the periodontal surgery and compared with each other. The therapy led to significant improvement of clinical parameters in terms of the reduction of pocket depth and loss of attachment values. and R. Slezák, V. Paulusová
Pozadie: Článok sa zaoberá vybranými aspektmi ústretovosti českého zdravotníckeho systému z pohľadu slovenských imigrantov so zameraním na dostupnosť zdravotnej starostlivosti a komunikáciu medzi pacientom a lekárom. Metódy: Kvalitatívna štúdia bola realizovaná prostredníctvom rozhovorov u 20 Slovákov žijúcich v Českej republike. Výsledky: Najväčšie prekážky pri čerpaní zdravotnej starostlivosti vidia respondenti v nedostatočnom počte registračných miest u lekárov primárnej starostlivosti. Naopak respondenti boli spokojní s prístupom českých lekárov. Závery: Pravdepodobným dôvodom ťažkostí slovenských imigrantov pri registrácii u lekárov primárnej starostlivosti je pracovná preťaženosť lekárov., Background: The article deals with selected aspects of health system responsiveness from the perspective of Slovak immigrants in the Czech Republic. It focuses on access to health care and communication between patient and physician. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 20 Slovaks living in the Czech Republic. Results: The biggest obstacles to health care receiving consist, according to respondents, in inadequate number of registration places at primary care physicians. However, respondents were satisfied with physician`s approach in the Czech Republic. Conclusions: The probable reason for the difficulties of Slovak immigrants during registration at primary care physicians is the work overload of physicians in the Czech Republic., Jana Gabrielová, Iva Brabcová, and Literatura
Cieľ: Obsahová validácia ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Chronická zmätenosť a identifi kácia defi nujúcich charakteristík v podmienkach slovenskej a českej ošetrovateľskej praxe. Metódy: Na validáciu bol použitý retrospektívny Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV Model) podľa Fehringa. Za expertov boli považované sestry, ktoré získali minimálne 4 body podľa modifi kovaných Fehringových kritérií. Súbor expertov tvorilo 144 slovenských a 107 českých sestier. Výsledky: Za hlavné defi nujúce charakteristiky (vážené skóre VS viac ako 0,75) považovali zhodne slovenskí aj českí experti: narušená interpretácia podnetov a reakcia na ne, progresívna kognitívna porucha, klinicky podložená organická porucha mozgu, zmeny v časopriestorovej orientácii a dlhotrvajúca kognitívna porucha, ktoré sú totožné s charakteristikou syndrómu demencie. Závery: Experti nepovažovali všetky defi nujúce charakteristiky za rovnako významné. Určitý podiel zohralo zloženie samotného súboru expertov, ktorý naplnil iba spodnú hranicu kritérií na experta (6 bodov), nekompatibilita NANDA-I Taxonómie II so Zoznamom sesterských diagnóz platným v SR a absencia štandardizovanej ošetrovateľskej terminológie v Českej republike., Aim: Content validation of the nursing diagnosis Chronic confusion and identification of the defining characteristics in Slovak and Czech nursing practices. Method: Fehring’s retrospective Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV Model) was used. Experts were nurses who obtained minimum four points according to modified Fehring’s criteria. The group of respondents comprised of 144 Slovak and 107 Czech nurses. Results: Slovak and Czech experts alike considered the following characteristics to be defining (weighted score higher than 0.75): altered interpretation and altered response to stimuli, progressive cognitive impairment, clinical evidence of organic impairment, changes in spatiotemporal orientation and long-standing cognitive impairment, which are congruent with the characteristic features of dementia syndrome. Conclusion: Experts did not regard all the defining characteristics to be of the same importance. This was due to the composite of respondents, who only reached bottom level of criteria for an expert (6 points), incompatibility of NANDA-I Taxonomy II with the List of nursing diagnosis used in the Slovak Republic and lastly the absence of standardised nursing terminology in the Czech Republic., Martina Tomagová, Ivana Bóriková, and Literatura 28
Cieľ: Cieľom výskumu bolo monitorovať a zhodnotiť rozdiely v hodnotení sledovaných indikátorov kvality ţivota pacientov s proliferatívnou a neproliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou. Metodika: Výskumnú vzorku tvorili pacienti s diabetickou retinopatiou (DR) v celkovom počte 80. Prvú skupinu tvorilo 27 pacientov s proliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou (PDR) a druhú 53 pacientov s neproliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou (NPDR). Komparácia prebiehala v závislosti od typu DR. Zber údajov bol realizovaný štandardizovaným dotazníkom NIE VFQ-25 (National Eye Institute – Visual Function Questionnaire) na Očnom oddelení vo Fakultnej nemocnici s poliklinikou (FNsP) J. A. Reimana v Prešove. Výsledky: T-testom boli u oboch komparovaných skupín pacientov zistené významné rozdiely vo všetkých sledovaných ukazovateľoch kvality ţivota: všeobecný zdravotný stav a zrak, problémy s videním do blízka a do diaľky, vplyv ochorenia na dosahovanie ţivotných cieľov, menšia kontrola nad svojím konaním, obmedzenie dĺţky aktivít, obmedzenie zotrvania iba na domáce prostredie, spoliehanie sa na poskytnuté informácie inými ľuďmi, potreba pomoci od iných ľudí. Záver: Čiastočná alebo úplná strata schopnosti vidieť v súvislosti s diabetom má na kvalitu ţivota diabetika s proliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou v holistickom poňatí, teda v biologickej, psychickej a sociálnej dimenzii negatívny dopad. Je preto nevyhnutné dostupnými spôsobmi predchádzať tejto chronickej komplikácii., Aim: To monitor and evaluate the differences in the evaluation of monitored indicators of quality of life of patients with proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: The research sample comprised a total of 80 patients with DR. The first group consisted of 27 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the second group of 53 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The comparison was carried out according to the degree of DR. The data were collected using the standardized National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) at the Ophthalmic Department of J. A. Reiman Hospital in Prešov. Results: In both compared patient groups, T-tests showed significant differences in all studied quality of life parameters: general health and vision, difficulty seeing far away and up close, the impact of the disease on achieving life goals, being limited in control over and in length of their activities, being limited to their homes, relying on the information provided by other people and needing help from others. Conclusion: In a holistic concept, i.e. biological, psychological and social dimensions, partial or complete loss of the ability to see due to diabetes has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with proliferative DR. Therefore, this chronic complication must be prevented by any available means., Mária Kaščáková, Ľudmila Majerníková, Janka Slaninková, and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom práce je identifikácia vybraných faktorov ţivotného štýlu u sestier a pôrodných asistentiek na Slovensku a následne zistiť či majú faktory ako vek, vzdelanie, bydlisko a práca na zmeny vplyv na identifikované faktory ţivotného štýlu. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 417 sestier a pôrodných asistentiek pracujúcich v zdravotníckych zariadeniach na Slovensku. Zber údajov bol realizovaný neštandardizovaným on-line dotazníkom. Pri spracovaní údajov boli pouţité štatistické metódy. Výsledky: Priemerný vek respondentov bol 42,34±8,61 rokov. Zaznamenali sme frekvenciu konzumácie konkrétnych druhov potravín u sledovaného súboru. Zistili sme, ţe pravidelne sa stravuje 47,5 % sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Dostatočnú pohybovú aktivitu dodrţiava 18 % respondentov. Podľa hodnotenia Body Mass Indexu má 46,3 % sledovaného súboru nadhmotnosť aţ obezitu I. stupňa. Nepotvrdil sa signifikantný vzťah medzi vekom, vzdelaním, bydliskom a vybranými faktormi ţivotného štýlu ako sú pravidelnosť stravovania, pohybová aktivita, hodiny relaxu a spánku. Ako významný behaviorálny faktor ţivotného štýlu sa javí pravidelnosť stravovacích návykov vo vzťahu k práci na zmeny, taktieţ vo vzťahu k relaxu a spánku. Záver: Prácu na zmeny sme identifikovali ako rizikový faktor ţivotného štýlu v nami sledovanom súbore. Výsledky potvrdili, ţe je potrebné venovať zvýšenú pozornosť podpore zdravého ţivotného štýlu u sestier a pôrodných asistentiek v oblasti osobnej aj profesionálnej., Aim: The main aim of the research is the identification of specific lifestyle factors among nurses and midwives in Slovakia. Subsequently we want to determine if the factors such as age, education, establishment and shift work affect the identified lifestyle factors. Methods: 417 nurses and midwives working in hospital s in Slovakia participated in our research. We used non-standardizing questionnaire, on-line form. Data were processed by descriptive and analyses statistic method. Results: The average age of respondents was 42.34±8.61 years. We recorded frequency of specific food consuming in our sample. We have found out that regular eating habits have 47.5% nurses and midwives. Accurate physical activity is follows by 18% respondents. According to the Body Mass Index had 46.3% of followed sample overweight and obesity I. grade. Study results did not confirm statistic correlation between age, education, establishment and specific lifestyle factors such as regular eating habit, physical exercise, relax and sleeping. Regular eating habit related to shift work relaxation and sleep, shows up as significant behavioural lifestyles factor. Conclusion: Shift work was identified as a risk factor of lifestyle in our sample. The results point on the need to increase promoting of healthy lifestyles among nurses and midwives in their personal and professional area., Lucia Dimunová, Viola Mechírová, and Literatura
Melanocytární léze vykazují značnou morfologickou heterogenitu. Jejich diagnostika je náročná i přes současné využití moderních histopatologických a imunohistochemických metod. Významným přínosem v diagnostice melanocytárních lézí je zavedení molekulárně genetické metody fluorescenční in situ hybridizace s použitím čtyřbarevné sondy značící geny CCND1, RREB1, MYB a centromeru chromozomu 6. V letech 2008–2012 bylo v naší laboratoři úspěšně metodou fluorescenční in situ hybridizace vyšetřeno 160 vzorků různých typů melanocytárních lézí, 44 névů a 116 melanomů. Změny asociované s diagnózou melanomu byly prokázány u 116 vzorků (72,5 %), normální nález u 41 vzorků (25,6 %), ve dvou případech bylo rozhodnutí na hranici hodnotitelnosti metody (1,2 %) a v jednom případě se jednalo o vyšetření recidivy melanomu v jizvě, který byl svým nálezem atypický (monozomie chromozomu 6) (0,6 %). Na základě dosažených výsledků byla stanovena senzitivita metody 96,6 % a specifita metody 91%. Tyto výsledky ukazují, že fluorescenční in situ hybridizace je vhodnou metodou pro zajištění přesné a rychlé diagnostiky nejednoznačných melanocytárních lézí. Právě rychlost a správnost diagnózy je u vysoce maligních melanomů zásadní a má neoddiskutovatelný vliv na prognózu a úspěšnost léčby pacienta., Melanocytic lesions exhibit significant morphological heterogenity, making their diagnosis difficult, although both sophisticated histopathological and immunohistochemical methods are used. The introduction of molecular genetic method flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has contributed significantly to the diagnosing of melanocytic lesions. Between 2008 and 2012, we studied a total of 160 samples of different types of melanocytic lesions, including 44 nevi and 116 melanomas, using a four-color probe mix for CCND1, RREB1 and MYB genes and for the centromere of chromosome 6. A positive result was found in 116 melenoma samples (72.5 %) and a negative result in 41 samples (25.6 %). A borderline value was found in two samples (1.2 %), and an atypical finding (monosomy of chromosome 6) was seen in a melanoma recurrence in one case (0.6 %). Sensitivity and specificity were 96.6 % and 91 %, respectively. These results show that FISH is a suitable and relatively low-cost method for accurate, rapid diagnosis of ambiguous melanocytic lesions. The speed and accuracy of diagnosis of highly malignant melanomas are crucial and have great impact on the prognosis and success of a patient‘s treatment., Jana Dvořáčková, Jana Žmolíková, Jan Mužík, Magdalena Uvírová, and Literatura
Cíl: Přesnost screeningových škál pro vyhledávání pacientů s rizikem vzniku dekubitů byla u nás dosud zkoumána jen okrajově. Cílem bylo navázat na pilotáž zabývající se inter-rater reliabilitou (shodou mezi posuzovateli) Škály Bradenové (ŠB) a zjistit shodu mezi dvěma posuzovateli u většího vzorku respondentů. Metodika: Dva posuzovatelé nezávisle na sobě hodnotili 60 pacientů hospitalizovaných s neurologickým onemocněním pomocí ŠB. Celková skóre (max. 23 bodů) byla dichotomizována (riziko versus absence rizika) dle doporučeného cut-off skóre (18 bodů). Inter-rater reliabilita byla vyjádřena pomocí koeficientu kappa (κ), a to pro dichotomizovaná celková skóre i pro skóre v jednotlivých položkách škály. Výsledky: Koeficient κ byl pro dichotomizovaná celková skóre 0,564 (95% konfidenční interval [KI] = 0,182; 0,946). V jednotlivých položkách škály byl κ následující: „smyslové vnímání“ 0,557 (95% KI = 0,306; 0,808); „vlhkost“ 0,454 (95% KI = 0,142; 0,766); „aktivita“ 0,613 (95% KI = 0,425; 0,801); „mobilita“ 0,091 (95% KI = – 0,127; 0,309); „výživa“ 0,283 (95% KI = 0,095; 0,471); a „tření a střih“ 0,554 (95% KI = 0,240; 0,868). Závěr: Inter-rater reliabilita dichotomizovaných celkových skóre byla střední úrovně (κ = 0,564). V položce „aktivita“ lze shodu mezi posuzovateli považovat za poměrně dobrou (κ = 0,613); v ostatních položkách však byla nižší. Jsou prezentovány faktory, které mohly tyto výsledky ovlivnit., Aim: The accuracy of the screening scales for identification of patients who are at risk of developing pressure sores has, so far, received only marginal attention in the Czech Republic. The aim was to extend a pilot study that focused on inter-rater reliability of the Braden Scale and to determine inter-rater reliability for a larger patient sample. Methods: Two raters performed independent assessments of 60 patients hospitalized with a neurological disease, using the Braden Scale. Total scores (max. 23 points) were dichotomized (at risk versus not at risk) using the recommended cut-off score (18 points). Using the kappa (κ) coefficient, inter-rater reliability was expressed for the dichotomized total scores as well as for scores obtained for each category of the scale. Results: For the dichotomized total results, the κ coefficient was 0.564 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.182; 0.946). For the individual categories, the κ coefficient was as follows: “sensory perception” 0.557 (95% CI = 0.306; 0.808); „moisture“ 0.454 (95% CI = 0.142; 0.766); „activity“ 0.613 (95% CI = 0.425; 0.801); „mobility“ 0.091 (95% CI = – 0.127; 0.309); „nutrition“ 0.283 (95% CI = 0.095; 0.471); and „friction and shear“ 0.554 (95% CI = 0.240; 0.868). Conclusion: For the dichotomized total scores, moderate inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.564) was obtained. For the category “activity”, the inter-rater reliability was quite good (κ = 0.613); for other categories, it was lower. Factors that may have affected the results are discussed., Petra Mandysová, Jana Pechová, Edvard Ehler, and Literatura