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292. Late effect of early hypoxic disturbance in the rat heart: gender differences

Creator:
Ivan Netuka, Ondrej Szárszoi, Jan Malý, Hynek Říha, Turek, D., Ivana Ošťádalová, and Bohuslav Ošťádal
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, gender, ischemie, ischemia, perinatal hypoxia, isolated rat heart, reperfusion injury, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Perinatal hypoxemia may have serious long-term effects on the adult cardiovascular system and may lead to sex-dependent changes in cardiac tolerance to acute ischemia in adult life. The aim of the study was to answer the question whether gonadectomy of the male and female rats in the early phase of ontogenetic development affects the late effect of perinatal hypoxia. Pregnant Wistar rats were placed into a normobaric hypoxic chamber (12 % O2) 7 days before the expected date of delivery. Newborn pups were kept in the chamber with their mothers for another 5 days after birth. After hypoxic exposure all animals were kept for 3 months in room air. Some of the pups were gonadectomized right after removal from the hypoxic chamber. Ventricular arrhythmias were assessed on isolated perfused hearts. Castration did not influence arrhythmogenesis in the adult normoxic or perinatally hypoxic female hearts. Nevertheless, the number of arrhythmias was decreased in perinatally hypoxic gonadectomized males. In conclusion, we have shown that perinatal normobaric hypoxia increased cardiac tolerance to acute ischemia in adult male rats; however, it had no late effect in females. Gonadectomy did not affect arrhythmogenesis in both normoxic and hypoxic female hearts, whereas in males significantly decreased the number of arrhythmias., I. Netuka ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

293. Lékařství a mužství v 19. století: nadnárodní trendy a specifika jihozápadní Evropy (Španělsko a Francie) /

Creator:
Martykánová, Darina
Type:
text and studie
Subject:
Lékařské vědy. Lékařství, lékařství, maskulinita, muži, gender, Španělsko, Francie, světové dějiny 1789-1918, dějiny zdravotnictví, lékaři, and gender, sex, prostituce
Language:
Czech
Description:
Medicine and masculinity in the 19th century: transnational trends and the specificities of South-Western Europe (Spain and France).
Rights:
unknown

294. Lévi-Strauss a směna

Creator:
Daniel Sosna and Kotalová, Jitka
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, evolution, gender, history, kinship, structuralism, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
This review article focuses on two aspects of Lévi-Strauss’ ex change theory: temporal dimension and gender. First, we examine its diachronic dimension to argue that Lévi-Strauss’ exchange theory is far from being static. Its primary interest is evolutionary, regardless of how much Lévi-Strauss distances himself from evolutionism of the 19th century as a paradigm. His analyses of kinship that attempt to identify elementary structures are meant to shed light on the origins of human culture. Although Lévi-Strauss uses different methodology than other scholars interested in socio-cultural evolution, his treatment of the term homology, discussions of primatology and origins of culture suggest his deep interest in long-term process. Second, we examine the critiques of Lévi-Strauss’ analytical treatment of women as passive objects of exchange among men. Through the discussion of feminine agency, personhood, sexuality, and other forms of exchange of human beings, we argue that Lévi-Strauss’ exchange of women has to be understood in its historical context. He grants only limited agency to women but his approach is definitely not based on commodification of women. In contrast, the relational nature of persons as signs refutes such logic. We conclude that Lévi-Strauss is still a source of inspiration for anthropology regardless of the decades of post-structuralist criticism. and Daniel Sosna, Jitka Kotalová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

295. Literární prostory otcovství

Creator:
Marcin Łukasz Filipowicz
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, stati, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Globální společnosti. Sociální struktura. Sociální skupiny, gender, fatherhood, literary space, contemporary Czech and Polish literature, 18, and 316.3
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article seeks to contribute to the discussion about literary images of fatherhood in contemporary Czech and Polish prose. It focuses on analysing the specific literary spaces that have emerged alongside a new type of literary character, namely, ‘new fathers’, who give up their professional activities to stay home and look after babies. A comparative analysis of two novels - Petr Šabach’s Putování mořského koně (The Pilgrimage of a Sea Horse) and Marek Kochan’s Plac zabaw (The Playground) - presents the similarities in the structures of their literary space and in the way masculinity is contextualised in the space of the playground and the home. The article sets the analysis against the backdrop of social changes affecting parenting and fatherhood in Poland and the Czech Republic in recent decades., Marcin Filipowicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

296. Machine Translation Testsuite for Gender-Consistent Translation

Creator:
Aires, João Paulo
Publisher:
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (UFAL)
Type:
text and corpus
Subject:
machine translation, testsuite, evaluation, and gender
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Document-level testsuite for evaluation of gender translation consistency. Our Document-Level test set consists of selected English documents from the WMT21 newstest annotated with gender information. Czech unnanotated references are also added for convenience. We semi-automatically annotated person names and pronouns to identify the gender of these elements as well as coreferences. Our proposed annotation consists of three elements: (1) an ID, (2) an element class, and (3) gender. The ID identifies a person's name and its occurrences (name and pronouns). The element class identifies whether the tag refers to a name or a pronoun. Finally, the gender information defines whether the element is masculine or feminine. We performed a series of NLP techniques to automatically identify person names and coreferences. This initial process resulted in a set containing 45 documents to be manually annotated. Thus, we started a manual annotation of these documents to make sure they are correctly tagged. See README.md for more details.
Rights:
Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, and PUB

298. Mají muži a ženy v ČR odlišné postoje k práci?

Creator:
Vohlídalová, Marta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender and work
Language:
Czech
Description:
As we can support with objective evidence, the position of men and women on the Czech labour market is not equal: (i) There is an obvious gender pay gap. (ii) Women are overrepresented in lower-paid professions with lower social prestige. Many authors (e.g. Čermáková, Crompton, Bradley) concerned with explanation of the reasons of the gender inequalities on the labour market emphasize the role of structural barriers and gender stereotypes. In this paper I am trying to answer the question whether it is either the existence of structural barriers or different attitudes of men and women towards work that is the cause of the obvious gender inequality on the Czech labour market. The analysis revealed that the differences in attitudes of men and women towards work are marginal and that many gender stereotypes according to which women are less ambitious employees than men are untenable. The structural barriers and gender stereotypes are thus possible to be considered as the principal causes of the gender inequalities on the Czech labour market. The findings are based on a quantitative analysis of data collected in a study of 5 510 respondents in 2005 in the Czech Republic.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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