a1_The first molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships of cladorchiid digeneans (superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901) from freshwater fishes based on 28S rDNA, ITS2 and cox1 sequences reveals the subfamilies Dadayiinae Fukui, 1929 and Kalitrematinae Travassos, 1933 as non-monophyletic, whereas Dadaytrema Travassos, 1931 represented by three species is monophyletic. Fourteen species of cladorchiids were found in characiform, perciform and siluriform fishes in the Neotropical Region (Brazil and Peru), with numerous new host and geographical records. The first scanning electron micrographs of seven species are presented. Two new species of dadayiine and one new species of kalitrematine paramphistomes are described. Microrchis macrovarium sp. n. from Pimelodella cristata (Müller et Troschel) (type host), Tetranematichthys quadrifilis (Kner) and Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru differs from all three congeners in that the testes are directly tandem, not oblique, and that the ovary, between the caecal ends, is widely separated from the testes. Pronamphistoma philippei sp. n. from Heros sp. in Brazil is distinguished from the type and only species, Pronamphistoma cichlasomae Thatcher, 1992, by the absence of the anterior collar-like expansion present in the type species, the presence of extramural rather than intramural pharyngeal sacs, and the unusual development of the dorsal and ventral exterior circular muscle fibre series in the acetabulum., a2_Pseudocladorchis romani sp. n. from P. granulosus (type host), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes), Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein), Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann et Eigenmann) and Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru, is most similar to Pseudocladorchis nephrodorchis Daday, 1907 but differs in the shape of the testes (irregular, versus reniform in the latter species) and the size of the ovary (as large as, or larger than, the testes in the new species). The generic diagnosis of Pronamphistoma Thatcher, 1992 is amended. Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri Lunaschi, 1989 is transferred to Doradamphistoma Thatcher, 1979 as D. parauchenipteri (Lunaschi, 1989) comb. n. based on morphological and molecular evidence., Camila Pantoja, Tomáš Scholz, José Luis Luque, Arlene Jones., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Potorolepis gulyaevi sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) is described from the Chinese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus Andersen (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), from southern China. The new species differs from known species of the genus by the shape, number and size of rostellar hooks, the relative position and length of the cirrus-sac and the morphology of gravid uterus. This is the first report of a member of the genus from non-marsupial mammals and the first record of a Potorolepis Spassky, 1994 from eastern Asia. The generic diagnosis of Potorolepis is amended.
A detailed study of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia for the 8th volume of the Flora of the Czech Republic revealed five new agamospermous species, viz. T. atroviride Štěpánek et Trávníček, T. clarum Kirschner, Štěpánek et Trávníček, T. moldavicum Chán, H. Ollgaard, Štěpánek, Trávníček et Žíla, T. urbicola Kirschner, Štěpánek et Trávníček and T. violaceifrons Trávníček. These species are formally described, thoroughly characterized morphologically and compared with similar taxa. They are known from numerous localities in Central Europe; T. moldavicum, in addition to the Central European distribution, is known to occur in two regions in Denmark. All these species are also documented by photographs of their general habit and important features.
The examination of eight spotted skates, Raja straeleni Poll, resulted in the discovery of four new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849, namely A. microhabentes sp. n., A. microtenuis sp. n., A. crassus sp. n., and A. dolichocollum sp. n., located off the Western Cape of South Africa. With a total of over 200 valid species of Acanthobothrium recognised worldwide, the use of an integrative approach becomes imperative in the interest of simplifying interspecific comparisons between congeners. In accordance with this, the four new species were incorporated into the category classification system established by Ghoshroy and Caira in 2001, where they were identified as category 2 species, which, at present, includes 47 recognised species of Acanthobothrium. Nevertheless, each of the four new species exhibits postovarian testes, a most intriguing and highly unusual feature among Acanthobothrium, instantly differentiating them from most congeners. This feature has been reported in 12 congeners, which have previously been considered to be restricted to waters of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Not only do the four new congeners represent the first species of Acanthobothrium reported from southern Africa, but they also represent the first reported species with postovarian testes from the southern Atlantic Ocean. and Regarding the legitimacy of the four new species, only two other category 2 species are reported to exhibit this feature, namely A. popi Fyler, Caira et Jensen, 2009, and A. bobconniorum Fyler et Caira, 2010, to which the four congeners were compared to. Acanthobothrium microhabentes sp. n. is the smallest of the congeners and differs from A. popi and A. bobconniorum by having fewer testes and postovarian testes, a shorter body, fewer proglottids, a shorter scolex, and longer cephalic peduncle. Acanthobothrium microtenuis sp. n. differs from A. popi and A. bobconniorum by having fewer testes and postovarian testes, a shorter scolex, longer cephalic peduncle, and the possession of columnar spinitriches on the anterior region of the terminal proglottid. Acanthobothrium crassus sp.n. differs from A. popi and A. bobconniorum by having fewer postovarian testes, a narrower cirrus-sac, larger vitelline follicles, and a longer cephalic peduncle. Acanthobothrium dolichocollum sp. n. is the longest of the four new species and differs from A. popi and A. bobconniorum by having fewer postovarian testes, more postporal testes, a larger body, more proglottids, larger testes and vitelline follicles, and an exceptionally long cephalic peduncle. Apart from differences in overall size, the four new species differ in a combination of measurements for the scolex, vitelline follicles, muscular pad and cephalic peduncle, and the number of proglottids and testes. The four species were recovered from a previously unexplored host and locality, expanding the host associations and geographical distribution of the genus.
Four new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850 are described from guitarfish, Rhynchobatus cf. djiddensis (Forsskål), collected from the Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. Acanthobothrium janineae sp. n., a category 1 species, differs from all congeners in category 1 by having a long vagina extending into the vas deferens and different, proglottid and testis number except Acanthobothrium hypermekkolpos Fyler et Caira, 2010. Acanthobothrium fylerae sp. n., a category 1 species, can be differentiated by a combination of characters including the total length, proglottid and testis number, cirrus sac shape, and the length of the vagina and ovarian lobes. Both new species are similar to A. hypermekkolpos reported from Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch et Schneider) from Australia in their scolex proper length, hook size and muscular pad, respectively. Acanthobothrium asrinae sp. n., a category 1 species, differs from other category 1 species by the shape of its hooks and the position of the tubercle at the mid-length of the axial prongs; in this respect it resembles A. bartonae Campbell et Beveridge, 2002 reported from Australia. Acanthobothrium jamesi sp. n. is among six category 1 species with post-ovarian testes. It differs from these species by total length, proglottid and testis number and the extension of the ovarian lobes. Although it is thought that R. djiddensis occurs in the region, the identities of the hosts of the newly described Acanthobothrium species await verification. There are two forms of host in the region and were designated as R. cf. djiddensis 1 and R. cf. djiddensis 2. More taxonomic work and the use of molecular techniques are needed to resolve the true identity of the host species., Loghman Maleki, Masoumeh Malek, Harry W. Palm., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study describes Galaicodytes (gen. n.) caurelensis (sp. n.) which was captured in a limestone cave in the lower Cambric of NW Spain. It is the first known cave-dwelling Platynini in the western Palaearctic region and shows unique morphological adaptations to cave life. The taxonomic position is based on comprehensive character analysis, including external anatomical, male genitalic, and female genitalic and reproductive tract characters. Certain problems concerning its taxonomic position in relation to other genera are discussed and different ecologic and biogeographic aspects are analysed.
Two new species of two genera of the order Diphyllidea van Beneden in Carus, 1863, Halysioncum Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta et Ivanov, 2013 and Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 sensu stricto are described from Aetomylaeus cf. nichofii (Bloch et Schneider) off the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. Halysioncum kishiense sp. n. differs from all other congeners in the number of apical hooks with the exception of H. hoffmanorum (Tyler, 2001) and H. pigmentatum (Ostrowski de Núñez, 1971). Halysioncum kishiense sp. n. can be easily differentiated from H. hoffmanorum and H. pigmentatum by the number of hooklets and testis numbers. Echinobothrium parsadrayaiense sp. n. is differentiated from all its congeners except for E. acanthinophyllum Rees, 1961 by its hook formula. The number of spines per column on the cephalic peduncle, the number of testes and possession of a thick-walled rather than thin-walled vagina distinguish E. parsadrayaiense sp. n. from E. acanthinophyllum. To date, with these two new species, five species of Diphyllidea have been reported from the Persian Gulf.
Hlemýžď pruhovaný (Helix thessalica) je nejnovějším přírůstkem české a slovenské měkkýší fauny. Pozornosti unikal proto, že nebyl rozlišován od velmi podobného a u nás zcela běžného hlemýždě zahradního (H. pomatia). Jeho odlišení umožnily až molekulárněfylogenetické analýzy, ale nakonec se ukázalo, že ho lze dobře poznat i podle ulity a pohlavního ústrojí. V článku jsou detailně popsány všechny determinační znaky odlišující oba druhy, a nově je podrobně zmapováno rozšíření hlemýždě pruhovaného v České republice. Hlemýžď pruhovaný žije především na jihozápadě Balkánského poloostrova, ale podél Karpat zasahuje od Slovenska až na Moravu. Na té se vyskytuje ostrůvkovitě v údolí řeky Jihlavy mezi Mohelnem a Dolními Kounicemi. Na řadě míst se setkává s hlemýžděm zahradním, se kterým se zřejmě kříží. S ohledem na málo známé rozšíření nově nalezeného druhu vyzýváme k jeho dalšímu hledání u nás i na Slovensku., Helix thessalica is the latest addition to Czech molluscan fauna. It has been overlooked because it wasn’t distinguished from the extremely similar and very common Roman Snail (H. pomatia). Only molecular phylogenetics allowed for its recognition, but eventually it turned out to differ in both its shell and genital system. In this paper, the characters differentiating both species are described and the distribution of H. thessalica in the Czech Republic is newly characterised. It lives mainly in the southwestern Balkans, but along the Carpathian Arc it extends up to Slovakia and Moravia, where it occurs in several patches in the Jihlava river valley. Locally, it apparently hybridizes there with H. pomatia. Readers are encouraged to search for new sites of the species in the Czech and Slovak Republics., and Ondřej Korábek, Lucie Juřičková, Adam Petrusek.
Huffmanela hamo sp. n. is described from eggs only, which were found in black spots in the somatic musculature of a dagger-tooth pike conger, Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål), caught off Japan. The eggs are 66-77 µm (mean 72 µm) in length and 33-38 µm (mean 35 µm) in width. The surface of the eggs is smooth and bears neither envelope nor filaments. The species is distinguished from other members of the genus by the dimensions of its eggs and the characteristics of their surface. This is the first species of Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 to be described from an anguilliform fish, and the twentieth nominal species in the genus. Similar black spots with eggs were reported four times in ten years from this fish caught off Japan; although eggs could not be examined, it is likely that the same species was involved in all cases.
Two new species of Polydictya Guérin-Méneville, 1844 from Vietnam, P. grootaerti sp. n. from Central Vietnam and P. drumonti sp. n. from North Vietnam, are described and compared with the closest species, P. chantrainei Nagai & Porion, 2004 and P. kuntzi Nagai & Porion, 2004. The male genitalia are described and illustrated for the two new species as well as for P. vietnamica Constant & Pham, 2008 for the first time. Habitus details and photographs, a distribution map and photographs of specimens in nature when available, are provided. The occurrence of P. vietnamica from Thailand and Northeast India, noted here for the first time based on photographs taken in nature, requires confirmation based on the examination of specimens. An identification key to the species of Polydictya from the Indochinese region is provided., Jérôme Constant, Hong-Thai Pham., and Obsahuje bibliografii