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1202. Alloxan in vivo does not only exert deleterious effects on pancreatic B cells
- Creator:
- Szkudelski, T., Kandulska, K., and Okulicz, M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- alloxan, glucose, insulin, sulfhydryl groups, and glutathione peroxidase
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the experiment was to investigate the mechanism of harmful alloxan action in vivo. 75 mg/kg b.w. of this diabetogenic agent were administered to fasting rats. Two minutes later the animals were decapitated. It was observed that alloxan caused a distinct rise in blood insulin and glucose levels with a concomitant drop of free fatty acids. The amount of sulfhydryl groups in the liver of alloxan-treated rats was decreased and glutathione peroxidase activity was substantially higher. These results indicate that some changes observed in alloxan-induced diabetes can not only be the consequence of B cells damage by alloxan but may also be the result of its direct influence on other tissues. It was also observed that glucose given 20 min before alloxan injection only partially protected against the deleterious effects of alloxan.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1203. Allozyme polymorphism in isolated populations of the moth Coenophila subrosea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from three Central European peat bogs
- Creator:
- Šula, Jan and Spitzer, Karel
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- můrovití, genetická variabilita, entomologie, hmyz, motýli, Coenophila subrosea, dospělí samečci, alozymy, alozymový polymorfizmus, populační genetika, morfometrická studie, konzervace, Noctuidae, allozyme variation, population genetics, isolated peat bogs, tyrphobionts, conservation, 592.5/.7, and 591.1
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Allozyme polymorphism was investigated in adult males of the stenotopic peat bog (tyrphobiontic) noctuid moth, Coenophila subrosea Stephens, from three isolated peat bog localities in Austria (Styria) and Czech Republic (South and North Bohemia). Of the eighteen enzyme loci examined, twelve were polymorphic and six monomorphic. Significant deviations of genotype frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed at about one third of polymorphic loci within the populations. The average heterozygosities for the populations from three geographically distinct localities ranged from 0.192 to 0.245, and 61% of the loci were polymorphic. The FST mean value of 0.0675 was higher than that found in most other Lepidoptera. The genetic distances based on allozyme heterozygosity ranged from 0.019 to 0.051, with the population from South Bohemia being the most distant. The genetic distances and FST values do not reflect the geographic distances between the populations. Morphometric analysis revealed a difference between the Austrian Purgschachen Moor and Bohemian populations. These isolated relict peat bogs are habitat islands inhabited by unique "geographical races" of tyrphobiontic taxa., Jan Šula, Karel Spitzer, 4 obrázky, 5 tab., and Lit.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1204. ALMA: společné pracoviště pro výzkum výtvarného umění
- Creator:
- Švarcová, Silvie and David Hradil
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Akademická laboratoř materiálového průzkumu malířských děl, výtvarné umění, vědecké instituce a organizace, art, scientific institutions and organizations, Česko, Czechia, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Academic Materials Research Laboratory of Painted Artworks (ALMA) is a joint workplace of the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague (AFA) and the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IIC ASCR). This is a scientific laboratory focused on the Czech cultural heritage. Combining the branches of the natural sciences, art and the history of art, ALMA seeks to deepen the knowledge of painting materials and techniques. The knowledge acquired is integrated into a complete evaluation of painted art works by origin, age, and authenticity. The ALMA Laboratory develops instrumental materials analysis methods and interprets the results in the context of art history and history of materials technology. and Silvie Švarcová, David Hradil.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1205. Alogenní transplantace kmenových buněk v léčbě maligních onemocnění krvetvorby u dětí
- Creator:
- Sedláček, Petr and Říha, Petr
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- hematologické nádory--terapie, homologní transplantace, výběr dárců, analýza přežití, prognóza, transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk--metody--škodlivé účinky, časové faktory, kvalita života, lidé, and dítě
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Alogenní transplantace kmenových buněk krvetvorby je léčebnou metodou u celé řady maligních či nemaligních onemocnění. Zdravé buňky vhodného dárce nahradí chybějící, maligní či nefunkční buňky příjemce. Imunitní systém dárce zajistí protiinfekční ochranu a současně sníží riziko recidivy onemocnění. Může však způsobit poškození zdravých tkání příjemce (reakce štěpu proti hostiteli). Zdrojem zárodečných buněk může být kostní dřeň, stimulované periferní kmenové buňky nebo pupečníková krev od vhodného rodinného či anonymního dárce z registru., Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a therapeutic method in a wide range of malignant or non-malignant diseases. Healthy cells of a suitable donor replace missing, malignant, or non-functional recipient's cells. The donor's immune system ensures protection from infections while reducing the risk of disease recurrence. However, it can cause damage to the recipient's healthy tissue (graft-versus-host disease). The sources of stem cells can include the bone marrow, stimulated peripheral blood stem cells, or umbilical- -cord blood from a suitable related or anonymous donor from a registry., Petr Sedláček, Petr Říha, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1206. Alois Musil jako zakladatel československé orientalistiky - ve službách republiky
- Creator:
- Pavel Žďárský
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biografie, Musil, Alois, 1868-1944, Orientální ústav (Akademie věd ČR), osobnosti, orientalistika, politika, celebrities, Orient studies, politics, 8, and 929
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the independent Czechoslovak Republic, President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk played a profound role in influencing Musil´s important decisions and subsequent actions, even though their political and social opinions differed. Musil, at that time a student of theology, met Masaryk in 1889 in Turčiansky Sväty Martin in Slovakia. He recalled Masaryk´s emphasis on the necessity of having strong personal convictions when studying. Musil gave an inaugural lecture, How did I get to know the Orient, on 11th February 1920.In the auditorium, journalists and politicians were present, headed by Minister of Foreign Affairs, Edvard Beneš. Musil´s plans for Czech Oriental studies were not only scientific and cultural, but also political and economic. Musil believed that for the newborn Czechoslovakian state the Orient could act as a substitues for colonies, since it could supply the country with raw materials in exchange for various products, and it could also offer its countrymen profitable employment opportunities. According to him, the government needed to systematically arouse interest in the Orient in Czechoslovakia and vice-versa, and also to use cultural links as the starting point for the establishment of active economic relations. Therefore, he believed it should be a national aim to establish an Oriental library, a school of living languages and a large Oriental institute. In 1920, based on Masaryk´s wishes, Musil began preparations for a great journey leading from Northern Africa to Southwest Asia, where he hoped to promote the political and economic interests of Czechoslovakia. The journey was postponed on several occasions and, in the end, never took place., Pavel Žďárský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1207. Alois Musil jako zakladatel československé orientalistiky: z Vídně do Prahy
- Creator:
- Pavel Žďárský
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, orientální civilizace, oriental civilization, 1, and 316.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Czechoslovak Oriental studies were founded as a result of the lifework of Alois Musil, a Czech researcher of rural Moravian origin. In the independent Czechoslovak Republic President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk played a profound role in influencing Musil´s important decisions and subsequent actions. In 1919, after the destruction of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Musil wanted to leave Vienna and continue his lectures at Charles University inPrague. This resulted in a political campaign against him. Musil was criticized by nationalistic circles in Prague, which induced the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs to inquire of the French and British governments as to whether they might have any objections to Musil´s appointment as a tenured professor, given his activities during the war. Britain and France had no objections and in January 1920 Alois Musil was appointed Professor of Oriental sciences and modern Arabic at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University in Prague., Pavel Žďárský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1208. Alois Zátopek (1907-1985)
- Creator:
- Jan Hálek
- Format:
- Type:
- article, jubilejní články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zátopek, Alois, 1907-1985, geofyzika, osobnosti, výročí, geophysics, celebrities, and anniversaries
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jan Hálek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1209. Alpha2-adrenoceptor control of ion and water transport in the newt renal distal tubule
- Creator:
- Goncharevskaya, O. A. and Monin, Yu. G.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- norepinephrine, dibenamine, propranolol, idazoxan, prazosin, distal tubule, and electrolytes
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To study the nature of adrenergic stimulation of ions and water reabsorption in the newt renal distal tubule, stationary microperfusion of the nephron and electron probe analysis were used. After application of norepinephrine (NE 10'6 M) to the tubule surface, the fractional reabsorption of fluid increased from 15.0±3.1 to 41.30±10.4 % (n = 7, p<0.01), of Na+ from 69.30 ±6.6 to 79.10±7.5 % (p<0.05), CT from 63.30±7.6 to 72.40 ±7.9 % (p<0.05). Instead of secretion (control), there was reabsorption of K+. Fractional reabsorption of Ca2+ decreased from 51.00±6.0 to 43.00±7.0 % (p<0.05). The nonspecific alpha-adrenergic antagonist dibenamine 10"6 M completely inhibited the effect of NE while, under the action of propranolol (2xl(76 M) NE increased ion and water reabsorption significantly. When applied alone, or with NE, the specific alpha2-adrenoblocker idazoxan, 2xl0‘6 M, did not interfere with reabsorption in the distal tubule. At the same time, under the action of alphai-adrenoblocker prazosin 2xl0'6 M NE, increased the fractional reabsorption of fluid from 24.10 ±3.4 to 44.40 ±4.0 % (n = 6, p<0.001). These results serve as evidence that there exist specific alpha^adrenoceptors in the newt distal tubule the stimulation of which increases membrane permeability of the distal tubule to water, Na+, K+, Cl', but not to Ca2+.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1210. AlphaGalileo podporuje znalostní společnost
- Creator:
- Marina Hužvárová
- Format:
- Type:
- article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, věda, inovace, science, innovations, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Marina Hužvárová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public