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26302. Taste Aversion Learning and Aging: A Comparison with the Effect of Dorsal Hippocampal Lesions in Rats

Creator:
Moron, I., Ballesteros, M.A., Candido, A., and Gallo, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Aging, Conditioned blocking, Hippocampal, Latent inhibition, Taste aversion learning, Rat, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The relationship between hippocampal function and aging was explored in Wistar rats using taste aversion learning by comparing the performance of adult dorsal hippocampal lesioned and fifteen-month-old intact rats with that of adult intact rats. In experiment 1 the conditioned blocking phenomenon was absent in the hippocampal and the aging rats. Unlike the adult intact rats, the hippocampal and aging rats were not impaired in acquiring a learned aversion to a cider vinegar solution (3 %) presented as a serial compound with a previously conditioned saccharin solution (0.1 %). In experiment 2 both the hippocampal and the aging rats developed reduced aversions to a saline solution (0.5 %) followed by an i.p. injection of lithium chloride (0.15 M; 2 % b.w.) if the taste solution was previously preexposed without consequences. This latent inhibition effect was similar to that seen in intact adult rats. In both experiments, the aging rats exhibited enhanced conventional learned taste aversions. It is concluded that aging is not a unitary process but induces both hippocampal dependent and hippocampal independent complex changes in the functioning of the neural circuits, implementing taste aversion learning., I. Moron, M.A. Ballesteros, A. Candido, M. Gallo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

26306. Tauopatie a frontotemporální demence

Creator:
Matěj, Radoslav and Rusina, Robert
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
tauopatie--diagnóza--klasifikace, neurodegenerativní nemoci--diagnóza--klasifikace, proteiny tau--klasifikace--škodlivé účinky, demence--diagnóza--klasifikace, diagnostické techniky neurologické--využití, and lidé
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tauopatie tvoří skupinu neurodegenerativnich onemocněni, jež jsou charakterizovány hromaděním abnormně modifikovaných forem proteinu zvaného TAU. Molekulárně biologicky dobře definovaná skupina chorob má však dosti heterogenní klinické obrazy a je podstatou několika různých neurodegenerativnich onemocnění. Společnými klinickými znaky těchto entit je ve větší či menší míře vyjádřený syndrom frontotemporální demence. Klinické jednotky, jež se řadí mezi klasické frontotemporální demence, však nejsou vždy podmíněny jen tauopatií, mnohdy je jejich etiopatogenetická podstata jiná. Účelem tohoto stručného přehledu je utřídění současné úrovně poznaní vztahů mezi skupinou tauopatií a frontotemporálních demencí., Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of abnormal modified forms of the tau-protein. Tauopathies are well defined from the molecularbiological point of view; the clinical symptomatology itself may however be heterogenic. Common signs of these diseases include a more or less prominent syndrome of frontotemporal dementia. On the other hand, the clinical picture of frontotemporal dementia may not be caused by a tauopathy only; in many cases the ethiopathogenie underlying cause is different. The aim of our review is to classify the relationship between tauopathies and frontotemporal dementias., Radoslav Matěj, Robert Rusina, and Lit. 8
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26307. Taxonomic changes in the genus Dyscia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)

Creator:
Trusch , Robert and Erlacher, Sven
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dyscia, taxonomy, revision, species, subspecies, new synonyms, lectotype, and neotype
Language:
English
Description:
This paper presents a revision of the genus Dyscia Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera, Geometridae: Ennominae). Examination of types and additional material for most described taxa has resulted in several new synonyms: Dyscia ilivolans Wehrli, 1953 syn. n. and Dyscia duanjiao Yang, 1978 syn. n. are new synonyms of Dyscia fagaria (Thunberg, 1784); Dyscia karsholti Wiltshire, 1991 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia galactaria Turati, 1934; Dyscia dagestana Wehrli, 1934 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia malatyana Wehrli, 1934, and Dyscia rjabovi Wardikjan, 1957 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia negrama Wehrli, 1953. One taxon, formerly treated as a species is reassigned to subspecific level, Dyscia conspersaria ssp. sultanica Wehrli, 1936 stat. rev. Dyscia innocentaria sicanaria (Oberthür, 1923) stat. n. and Dyscia malatyana senecai Wiltshire, 1990 stat. n. are downgraded to subspecies-level. On subspecies-level, Dyscia distinctaria perdistincta Herbulot, 1957 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia distinctaria (Bang-Haas, 1910), Dyscia fagaria alvarensis Wahlgren, 1913 syn. n., Dyscia fagaria albescens Lempke, 1952 syn. n., Dyscia fagaria fusca Lempke, 1952 syn. n., and Dyscia fagaria postdelineata Lempke, 1952 syn. n. are new synonyms of Dyscia fagaria. Dyscia fagaria psoricaria (Eversmann, 1848) syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia fagaria favillacearia (Hübner, [1799]), Dyscia holli duponti Thierry-Mieg, 1910 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia holli (Oberthür, 1910), Dyscia malatyana nachadira Brandt, 1941 syn. n. and Dyscia malatyana theodoraria Warnecke, 1941 syn. n. are new synonyms of Dyscia malatyana albersaria Warnecke, 1940 stat. n., and Dyscia penulataria naevata Wehrli, 1953 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia penulataria (Hübner, [1819]). Lectotypes for 22 taxa and neotypes for three taxa - Geometra conspersaria [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, Geometra favillacearia Hübner, [1799], and Geometra emucidaria Hübner, [1813] - are designated. One species is excluded from Dyscia, Thysanopyga serena (Dognin, 1906) comb. n. From a total of 72 previously described taxa, 19 are recognized as species.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26308. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record

Creator:
Roháček, Jindřich
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Taxonomy, phylogeny, classification, Anthomyzidae, new taxa, redefinitions, redescriptions, new synonymy, world checklist, and amber fossil
Language:
English
Description:
Taxonomic limits of the family Anthomyzidae are prescribed. Two fossil genera are affirmed, viz. Protanthomyza Hennig, 1965 (Baltic amber) and Grimalantha gen. n. (type species: G. vulnerata sp. n.) described from Dominican amber. Fourteen extant genera are recognized, including Chamaebosca Speiser, 1903 (= Penquistus Kieffer, 1906 syn. n.) and Apterosepsis Richards, 1962. New diagnoses of the latter two genera and redescriptions of their type species are given and their relationships are discussed. Chamaebosca cursor (Kieffer, 1906) becomes a new combination. The monotypic genus Echidnocephalodes Sabrosky, 1980 is removed from Anthomyzidae, newly diagnosed and its type species E. barbatus (Lamb, 1914) redescribed and a lectotype designated. Echidnocephalodes is considered to be related to Periscelididae and/or Aulacigastridae, particularly to those genera with symmetrical male postabdomen. The inferred phylogeny of the Anthomyzidae, based on cladistic analysis, is presented. The Opomyzidae are confirmed as a sister-group of the Anthomyzidae, while Protanthomyza is found to be the most primi tive anthomyzid genus forming a sister-group to all recent genera plus the fossil Grimalantha gen. n. The monophylies of the latter group of genera, and of the Anthomyzidae as a whole, are demonstrated. The genus Protanthomyza is classified in a new subfamily Protanthomyzinae, and all remaining genera are placed in the subfamily Anthomyzinae Frey, 1921. An annotated world checklist of the family Anthomyzidae is appended.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26309. Taxonomic review of the genus Aesalus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) in the Himalayas

Creator:
Araya, Kunio, Tanaka, Masahiro, and Bartolozzi, Luca
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Lucanidae, Aesalus, taxonomy, new species, A. saburoi, A. himalayicus, and Himalayas
Language:
English
Description:
The genus Aesalus F., 1801 of the family Lucanidae in the Himalayas is reviewed, and a new species, A. saburoi sp. n., is described from Central Nepal. This new species has been confused with A. himalayicus Kurosawa 1985, but differs from the latter mainly by a darker and broader body, and by different shapes of the intercoxal process of the prosternum and of male genitalia. The male of A. himalayicus sensu stricto is described for the first time and the male genitalia are illustrated. A key to the members of the genus Aesalus from the Himalayas is provided.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26310. Taxonomic revision of Hieracium nigrescens agg. in the Western Carpathians

Creator:
Chrtek jun., Jindřich and Mráz, Patrik
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
agamospermy, Carpathians, chorology, Compositae, Hieracium, Poland, Slovakia, and taxonomy
Language:
English
Description:
A taxonomic concept for the Hieracium nigrescens agg. (H. alpinum ≥ H. murorum) in the Western Carpathians is proposed. Three taxa at the species level are recognized, i.e. Hieracium jarzabczynum, H. mlinicae and H. vapenicanum. One new combination, Hieracium mlinicae (Hruby et Zahn) Chrtek f. et Mráz (H. nigrescens subsp. mlinicae Hruby et Zahn) is published. All taxa should be considered as endemic to the Western Carpathians (both the Polish and Slovakian parts). Detailed descriptions, drawings, lists of localities, distribution maps and determination key are provided along with a comparison with the last comprehensive account of the group (by Zahn 1936). Several lectotypes were chosen for the taxa recognized by Zahn within H. nigrescens s.l.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

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