The aim of our study was to evaluate possible effect of ABCB1, and OPRM1 polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of remifentanil in women undergoing elective cesarean section under general anesthesia. Women received remifentanil (1 μg/kg i.v.) 30 s prior to the induction to standardized general anesthesia. The ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642) and OPRM1 (rs1799971) polymorphisms were analyzed from maternal peripheral blood. The basal hemodynamic and demographic parameters in the study population (n=54) were similar in all the subgroups. The median ± SD increase of systolic blood pressure at 5 min from the baseline was practically completely abolished in homozygous carriers of ABCB1 variants in comparison with wildtype subjects -2.67±25.0 vs. 16.57±15.7 mm Hg, p<0.05 for rs2032582, and 2.00±23.9 vs. 22.13±16.8 mm Hg, p<0.05, for rs1045642, respectively. While no neonate belonging to ABCB1 wild-type homozygous or OPRM1 variant carrying mothers needed any resuscitative measure, 10.5 % of the neonates belonging to OPRM1 wild-type homozygous mothers received resuscitative support similarly as 11.1 %, and 12.5 % of neonates of mothers carrying variants of rs2032582, and rs1045642, respectively. Decreased stabilizing effects of remifentanil on maternal hemodynamics has been observed in ABCB1 wild type mothers, while the adaptation of the neonates was clinically worse in OPRM1 wild type, and ABCB1 variant allele carriers., H. Bakhouche, P. Noskova, S. Svetlik, O. Bartosova, J. Ulrichova, J. Kubatova, P. Marusicova, A. Parizek, J. Blaha, O. Slanar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this work is to present the efficacy of a previously introduced computational procedure, developed for evaluation of vascular responsiveness. On this reason, as an example a common study of noradrenaline (NA) effect on a rat renal artery under in vitro conditions was arbitrarily selected. The response of the arterial segment to NA doses (0.1-10 μg) was digitally recorded on a PC and employed to develop mathematical model of NA effect. Using the model, the following NA effect variables were determined: the vessel sensitivity parameter, mean effect time and rate constant, respectively, characterizing the effect intensity, duration, and regression and also classic response variables: the maximal effect and time of the maximal effect. The two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni’s test revealed a significant influence of the increasing NA dose on the vessel sensitivity parameter and mean effect time. These findings indicated nonlinearity of processes underlying NA effect on the rat renal artery over the given range of NA doses. The procedure exemplified has the potential for use as an effective adjunct to routine studies of vascular responsiveness as it enables the extraction of meaningful information which cannot by obtained by common manual evaluation procedures., M. Ďurišová, L. Dedík, V. Kristová, R. Vojtko., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The biochemical model of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocyte is presented and the validity of simulations of both physiological and pathological processes is discussed. The model of regulatory and actomyosin subsystems, even if it is rather simple in its regulatory subunit, gives results well consistent with experimental data. Specifically, intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) were computed under various states of sarcoendoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) and compared to experimental findings. Computed results reproduced well both the increase in resting [Ca2+]i level and the attenuation of [Ca2+]i decline commonly observed in heart failure. Thus the computational simulations could help to identify core relations in studied systems by comparing results obtained using similar models of various complexities., M. Mlček, J. Neumann, O. Kittnar, V. Novák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a frequent liver disorder, mostly occurring in the third trimester. ICP is not harmful to the mothers but threatens the fetus. The authors evaluated steroid alterations in maternal and mixed umbilical blood to elucidate their role in the ICP development. Ten women with ICP were included in the study. Steroids in the maternal blood were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) (n=58) and RIA (n=5) at the diagnosis of ICP, labor, day 5 postpartum, week 3 postpartum and week 6 postpartum. The results were evaluated by ANOVA consisting of the subject factor, between subject factors ICP, gestational age at the diagnosis of ICP and gestational age at labor, withinsubject factor Stage and ICP × Stage interaction. The 17 controls were firstly examined in the week 36 of gestation. ICP patients showed reduced CYP17A1 activity in the C17,20 lyase step thus shifting the balance between the toxic conjugated pregnanediols and harmless sulfated 5α/β-reduced-17-oxo C19 steroids. Hence, more toxic metabolites originating in maternal liver from the placental pregnanes may penetrate backward to the fetal circulation. As these alterations persist in puerperium, the circulating steroids could be potentially used for predicting the predisposition to ICP even before next pregnancy., P. Šimják, M. Hill, A. Pařízek, L. Vítek, M. Velíková, M. Dušková, R. Kancheva, J. Bulant, M. Koucký, Z. Kokrdová, K. Adamcová, A. Černý, Z. Hájek, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We evaluate the mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4) in skeletal muscle (soleus, red and white gastrocnemius), heart and liver tissues in mice submitted to a single bout of swimming exercise at the maximal lactate steady state workload (MLSSw). After 72 h of MLSS test, the animals were submitted to a swimming exercise session for 25 min at individual MLSSw. Tissues and muscle samples were obtained at rest (control, n=5 ), immediately (n=5 ), 5 h (n=5 ) and 10 h (n=5 ) after exercise for determination of the MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA expression (RT-PCR). The MCT1 mRNA expression in liver increased after 10 h in relation to the control, immediate and 5 h groups, but the MCT4 remained unchanged. The MCT1 mRNA expression in heart increased by 31 % after 10 h when compared to immediate, but no differences were observed in relation to the control group. No significant differences were observed for red gastrocnemius in MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA expression. However, white gastrocnemius increased MCT1 mRNA expression immediately when compared to rest, 5 and 10 h test groups. In soleus muscle, the MCT1 mRNA expression increased immediately, 5 and 10 h after exercise when compared to the control. In relation to MCT4 mRNA expression, the soleus increased immediately and 10 h after acute exercise when compared to the control group. The soleus, liver and heart were the main tissues that showed improved the MCT1 mRNA expression, indicating its important role in controlling MLSS concentration in mice., G. G. de Araujo, C. A. Gobatto, F. de Barros Manchado-Gobatto, L. F. M. Teixeira, I. G. M. dos Reis, L. C. Caperuto, M. Papoti, S. Bordin, C. R: Cavaglieri, R. Verlengia., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The multi-functional proteins, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and leptin were present in seminal plasma from different species. Concentrations of IGF-I in equine and porcine semen were 20 and 17.5 ng/ml, respectively. Seminal plasma concentrations of leptin were 1 ng/ml in human and 11 ng/ml in porcine samples., B. R. Lackey, S. L. Gray, D. M. Henricks., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Mechanical properties of scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells used for cartilage repair seem to be one of the critical factors in possible joint resurfacing. In this paper, the effect of adding hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles or chitosan nanofibers into the cross-linked collagen I on the mechanical response of the lyophilized porous scaffold has been investigated in the dry state at 37 oC under tensile loading. Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using ANOVA analysis. The results showed that the addition of hyaluronic acid significantly (p<<0.05) reduced the tensile elastic modulus and enhanced the strength and deformation to failure of the modified cross-linked collagen I under the used test conditions. On the other hand, addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and chitosan nanofibers, respectively, increased the elastic modulus of the modified collagen ten-fold and four-fold, respectively. Hydroxyapatite caused significant reduction in the ultimate deformation at break while chitosan nanofibers enhanced the ultimate deformation under tensile loading substantially (p<<0.05). The ultimate tensile deformation was significantly (p<<0.05) increased by addition of the chitosan nanofibers. The enhanced elastic modulus of the scaffold was translated into enhanced resistance of the porous scaffolds against mechanical load compared to scaffolds based on cross-linked neat collagen or collagen with hyaluronic acid with similar porosity. It can be concluded that enhancing the rigidity of the compact scaffold material by adding rigid chitosan nanofibers can improve the resistance of the porous scaffolds against compressive loading, which can provide more structural protection to the seeded mesenchymal stem cells when the construct is implanted into a lesion., a2_Moreover, scaffolds with chitosan nanofibers seemed to enhance cell growth compared to the neat collagen I when tested in vitro as well as the scaffold stability, extending its resorption to more than 10 weeks., J. Jančář, A. Slovíková, E. Amler, P. Krupa, H. Kecová, L. Plánka, P. Gál, A. Nečas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We have studied the mechanism of Na+ deprivation-induced catecholamine secretion from freshly isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Na+ deprivation-induced catecholamine secretion depended on free extracellular Ca2+ concentrations and was almost parallel to 45Ca2+ influx into the cells under various experimental conditions. Furthermore, Na+ deprivation-induced 45Ca2+ influx and catecholamine secretion were actually induced by a relative Na+ concentration gradient across the plasma membrane, but not by simple omission of Na+ from the medium. These results indicate that the deprivation of Na+ from the medium changes the relative Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane and results in Ca2+ influx via a reverse mode of Na+-Ca2+ exchange rather than by inducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels by eliminating the competition between extracellular Na+ and Ca2+., M. Isosaki, T. Nakashima., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication, known for almost 100 years, but its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood. This review summarizes current knowledge about the etiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema. The roles of systemic sympathetic discharge, central nervous system trigger zones, intracranial pressure, inflammation and anesthesia in the etiopathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema are considered in detail. The management of the patient and experimental models of neurogenic pulmonary edema are also discussed., J. Šedý, J. Zicha, J. Kuneš, P. Jendelová, E. Syková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The most common etiology of non- syndromic monogenic obesity are mutations in gene for the Melanocortin -4 receptor ( MC485 ) with variable prevalence in different countries (1.2 -6.3 % of obese children). The aim of our study was 1 ) to search for MC4R mutations in obese children in Slovakia and compare their prevalence with other European countries, and 2 ) to describe the phenotype of the mutation carriers. DNA analysis by direct Sanger sequencing of the coding exons and intron/exon boundaries of the MC4R gene was performed in 268 unrelated Slovak children and adolescents with body mass index above the 97 th percentile for age and sex and obesity onset up to 11 years (mean 4.3±2.8 years). Two different previously described heterozygous loss of function MC4R variants (i.e. p.Ser19Alafs*34, p.Ser127Leu) were identified in two obese probands, and one obese (p.Ser19Alafs*34), and one lean (p.Ser127Leu) adult family relatives. No loss of function variants were found in lean controls. The prevalence of loss -of-function MC4R variants in obese Slovak children was 0.7 %, what is one of the lowest frequencies in Europe., D. Stanikova, M. Surova, L. Ticha, M. Petrasova, D. Virgova, M. Huckova, M. Skopkova, D. Lobotkova, L. Valentinova, M. Mokan, J. Stanik, I. Klimes, D. Gasperikova., and Obsahuje bibliografii