In women with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency we have found reference levels of relevant metabolichormonal parameters except for parathormone and total calcium. Three months supplementation with vitamin D (4300 IU/day, cholekalciferol) did not lead to significant changes of investigated hormonal parameters, while the levels of parathormone and calcium reached normal levels. However, a correlation analysis revealed marked changes in mutual relations. First, an inverse correlation of vitamin D with parathormone, insulin secretion (C peptide, insulin) and its efficiency (HOMA IR) disappeared. Relationships of vitamin D to hepatic insulin resistance (insulin/C peptide), to DHEA (both negative), and to DHEAS/DHEA ratio (positive) were newly found. Second, a positive correlation of CRP with insulin secretion remained, while its relation to insulin efficiency (HOMA IR, insulin/ C peptide) was newly observed. Analogical positive correlations appeared also among anti TPO and insulinemia, insulin/C peptide, HOMA IR, and anti Tg to C peptide. A relationship of the CRP with anti TPO became significant (+). Third, out of glucose metabolism parameters only insulin/C peptide and glycemia did not correlate with vitamin D during its deficiency, while after supplementation insulin/ C peptide alone correlated positively with both DHEAS and DHEA, and negatively with vitamin D., K. Vondra, R. Bílek, P. Matucha, M. Salátová, M. Vosátková, L. Stárka, R. Hampl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vitamin D had been for a long time investigated for its effects on bone metabolism. Recently has been observed that the incidence of some neurodevelopmental disorders (including autism) increases hand in hand with vitamin D deficiency. Indeed, vitamin D was reported to modulate the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors; moreover, its receptor was found in the central nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency was therefore assessed as a risk factor for autism, however the biological mechanism has not yet been revealed. In our review we focused on potential connections among vitamin D, steroids and autism. Potential mechanisms of vitamin D action are also discussed., L. Máčová, M. Bičíková, D. Ostatníková, M. Hill, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vlha pestrá (Merops apiaster) je teplomilný ptačí druh uzpůsobený k lovu hmyzu. Proto patří k obyvatelům převážně subtropických a tropických oblastí, ale v opakovaných vlnách osídlovala i různá místa střední Evropy. Postupná expanze druhu probíhá i v České republice. Článek popisuje možnosti podpory hnízdění vlhy pestré na příkladu mokřadu Betlém na jižní Moravě., Merops apiaster is a termophilic insectivorous bird species. Hence it primarily inhabits subtropical and tropical regions, but it has also repeatedly settled in various Central European sites. The species is also gradually expanding in the Czech Republic. This article describes the possibility of supporting bee-eater nesting based on the example of the Betlém wetlands in southern Moravia., and Miroslav Šebela.
Invaze nepůvodních druhů žížal vede v severoamerických lesích ke komplexním změnám a to především v severních opadavých lesích, které se od posledního zalednění částečně vyvíjely zcela bez přítomnosti žížal. Článek danou problematiku zasazuje do souvislostí a představuje stav poznání z hlediska příčin, postupu a důsledků těchto invazí., Invasions of exotic earthworms into North American forests lead to complex changes, in particular, in northern deciduous forests that have partially developed after the last glaciation without the presence of earthworms. The paper explains the context of these earthworm invasions and presents the state of knowledge in respect to their causes, spread and consequences., and Jiří Schlaghamerský.
The article compares the level of dependence of four justice ideologies on the structural position of an individual and his/her personal traits. First, the theoretical concept of distributive justice is introduced within the framework of GridGroup Theory. Second, Czech public opinion of justice is analysed with data from the ISJP 2006 survey. Egalitarianism is the most structurally embedded ideology that is infl uenced by all socio-demographic attributes. Nevertheless, psychological factors affect the other ideologies to some extent. Ascriptivism is more characteristic of extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; individualism of openness to experience; fatalism of closeness to experience. Against structural effects, the psychological dimension does not yield considerable improvement in the explanation of justice ideologies., Jiří Šafr, Ivo Bayer., and Seznam literatury
V článku se autor zabývá vlivem záplavových vod v nivě Dyje na jižní Moravě, a to na populace tří druhů: motýla Zerynthia polyxena a brouků Cylindera germanica a Akimerus schaefferi schaefferi. U pestrokřídlce podražcového (Z. polyxena) tu postihují povodně všechna nedospělá vývojová stadia hlavně nejblíže koryta Dyje, takže lužní populace se po silnější záplavě obnovuje z kolonií z vyvýšených písečnatých poloh luhu. U svižníka německého (C. germanica) šlo o několikaletý masový výskyt tohoto na prostředí luhu neadaptovaného druhu, proto celou jeho zdejší populaci zničila beze zbytku následná silná povodeň. Určité zvláštnosti ve výskytu tesaříka Schäfferova (A. schaefferi schaefferi) se potvrdily i zde při mnohaletém pozorování, především schopnost nedospělých stadii přežít i delší zaplavení bez zjevné úhony. Přesto se ani zde nepodařilo objasnit příčiny jeho periodicity výskytu, jak se tak projevuje na řadě dalších lokalit., This article deals with the effects of floodwater in the Dyje alluvial plain on the populations of three invertebrate species. Floods affect all immature developmental stages of the butterfly Zerynthia polyxena particularly those close to the river - after a heavy flood, the meadow population is restored from the higher sandy reaches. Once large population of the tiger beetle Cylindera germanica (not adapted to this environment) was wiped out by a heavy flood. Unique features of the occurrence of the capricorn beetle Akimerus schaefferi schaefferi are described, and the ability of immature stages to survive subsequent floods without apparent harm is shown., and Mladen Kaděra.
V tomto článku podáváme syntézu poznatků komplexního výzkumu lučních prameništních slatinišť Západních Karpat, kde od r. 2010 intenzivně zkoumáme také vodní bezobratlé. Zjistili jsme neobvykle druhově bohatá společenstva vodního hmyzu s vysokým podílem stanovištních specialistů a s řadou druhů nových pro studované území. Z obecných ekologických zákonitostí jsme prokázali vysoký vliv chemismu vody na druhovou skladbu dvoukřídlého hmyzu (Diptera) a zcela převažující vliv lokálních faktorů na výskyt taxonů schopných aktivního letu., In this paper we summarise the results of complex research at the Western Carpathian treeless spring fens, in which we have also studied aquatic invertebrates since 2010. We found extraordinarily species-rich assemblages of aquatic insects with a high proportion of habitat specialists and many species previously unknown for the study area. Among general ecological patterns, we confirmed the high importance of water chemistry for species composition of Diptera assemblages and a prevailing role of environmental-based processes on the distribution of taxa with flying adults., and Michal Horsák ... [et al.].
This article examines the relationship between voter turnout (or, precisely, turnout intention) and variables related to the perception of the election campaign in the broader context of the other types of variables such as basic socio-demographic or political characteristics. The data used in this analysis are from surveys conducted during the period of three month before elections in 2010. All of the surveys were designed as public opinion polls and approximately 1000 Czech adults were interviewed nationwide at the beginning of each month. To explain the relationship between voter turnout (or rather a kind of readiness to vote) and the perception of the campaign, the binary logistic regression was chosen and three models were created. In relation to voter turnout, in addition to basic socio-demographic characteristics, the variables related to the perception of the election campaign are statistically significant, too. In the extended model, however, it is showed that behind the effects of most of them stands the rate of interest in politics. The only variable, which draws on a basis other than the interest in politics, proved to be awareness and acceptance of campaign influence on own voting behaviour. The frequency of consumption of media content proved to be more important than age, education and living standards. However, again behind these variables stands the interest in politics. Therefore, the interest in politics appears to be essential in relation to voter turnout in our analysis., Paulína Tabery, Gabriela Šamanová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury