We revisit the proof of existence of weak solutions of stochastic differential equations with continuous coeficients. In standard proofs, the coefficients are approximated by more regular ones and it is necessary to prove that: i) the laws of solutions of approximating equations form a tight set of measures on the paths space, ii) its cluster points are laws of solutions of the limit equation. We aim at showing that both steps may be done in a particularly simple and elementary manner.
In this paper we introduce a new class of functions called weakly (µ, λ)-closed functions with the help of generalized topology which was introduced by Á. Császár. Several characterizations and some basic properties of such functions are obtained. The connections between these functions and some other similar types of functions are given. Finally some comparisons between different weakly closed functions are discussed. This weakly (µ, λ)- closed functions enable us to facilitate the formulation of certain unified theories for different weaker forms of closed functions.
We prove that weakly Lindelöf determined Banach spaces are characterized by the existence of a ``full'' projectional generator. Some other results pertaining to this class of Banach spaces are given.
In this investigation, a new algorithm is developed for the updating of a neural network. It is concentrated in a fuzzy transition between the recursive least square and extended Kalman filter algorithms with the purpose to get a bounded gain such that a satisfactory modeling could be maintained. The advised algorithm has the advantage compared with the mentioned methods that it eludes the excessive increasing or decreasing of its gain. The gain of the recommended algorithm is uniformly stable and its convergence is found. The new algorithm is employed for the modeling of two synthetic examples.
There are many problems of groundwater flow in a disrupted rock massifs that should be modelled using numerical models. It can be done via "standard approaches'' such as increase of the permeability of the porous medium to account the fracture system (or double-porosity models), or discrete stochastic fracture network models. Both of these approaches appear to have their constraints and limitations, which make them unsuitable for the large-scale long-time hydrogeological calculations. In the article, a new approach to the modelling of groudwater flow in fractured porous medium, which combines the above-mentioned models, is described. This article presents the mathematical formulation and demonstration of numerical results obtained by this new approach. The approach considers three substantial types of objects within a structure of modelled massif important for the groudwater flow - small stochastic fractures, large deterministic fractures, and lines of intersection of the large fractures. The systems of stochastic fractures are represented by blocks of porous medium with suitably set hydraulic conductivity. The large fractures are represented as polygons placed in 3D space and their intersections are represented by lines. Thus flow in 3D porous medium, flow in 2D and 1D fracture systems, and communication among these three systems are modelled together.
Multimedia social networks (MSNs) provide great convenience to users, while privacy leaks issues are becoming prominent. The studies on relationship-based access control have been widely used in social networks. However, with the dynamic development of social networks and rapid growth of user information, the access control does not completely meet the current system's need. In this paper, an attribute-based access control model called ABAC{MSN is proposed for MSNs. This model comprehensively considers user attributes, environment attributes and resource attributes, not only including relationships among users. In this model, users can set multimedia usage control policies based on three categories of user-defined attributes. A formal theoretical model is established, which includes constraint rules, data ow rules, policy conflict resolution mechanism, and applied to CyVOD.net, a multimedia social-network-platform prototype systems. The deployment and application denote that this method effectively and exibly addresses use-case scenarios of multi-attribute-based media access control, and improves the access security of social media platforms and resources.
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of 3- mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole-5-acetic acid (CMTI), an efficient aldose reductase inhibitor, on sorbitol accumulation in selected organs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in vivo . In addition, the effect of CMTI on aldose reductase back reaction and on sorbitol dehydrogenase was determined. The model of experimental diabetes in male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin was used. Experimental diabetes was induced by triple intraperitoneal doses of streptozotocin on three consecutive days. In diabetic rats, significant elevation of sorbitol concentration in the sciatic nerve and eye lenses was recorded. CMTI administered intragastrically (50 mg/kg/day) for five consecutive days significantly inhibited sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve, yet it was without effect in eye lenses of diabetic animals. For aldose reductase back reaction, the substrate affinity of glycerol to aldose reductase was one order lower than that of glyceraldehyde in forward reaction. In addition, the back reaction was much slower, characterized by Vmax value of about 30 times lower than that of the forward reaction. Inhibition of aldose reductase by CMTI was characterized by closely related IC50 values in submicromolar range for both forward and back reactions. No significant inhibition of the second enzyme of the polyol pathway, sorbitol dehydrogenase, by 100 μM CMTI was recorded (I=0.9±2.7 %, n=3). To conclude, the presented results showed the ability of CMTI to affect the polyol pathway in diabetic rats in vivo and represent thus a further step in a complex preclinical evaluation of CMTI as a potential agent for treatment of chronic diabetic complications., M. Soltesova Prnova, J. Ballekova, A. Gajdosikova, A. Gajdosik, M. Stefek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper presents idea flow, development and construction of an anthropomorphic hand which is intended to be used mainly in prosthetics. Fundamental results of simulations and optimization of grasp are shown. The prototype has been manufactured and the principal functionality of finger mechanism (drive three axes by one string) has been tested. A new mechanical principle has been developed which is based again on an idea of using less actuators then joints with keeping adaptability and functionality of the mechanism. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Here we describe the new trypanosomatid, Phytomonas borealis sp. n., from the midgut of the spiked shieldbugs, Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus), collected in two locations, Novgorod and Pskov Oblasts of Russia. The phylogenetic analyses, based on the 18S rRNA gene, demonstrated that this flagellate is a sister species to the secondary monoxenous Phytomonas nordicus Frolov et Malysheva, 1993, which was concurrently documented in the same host species in Pskov Oblast. Unlike P. nordicus, which can complete its development (including exit to haemolymph and penetration into salivary glands) in Picromerus bidens, the new species did not form any extraintestinal stages in the host. It also did not produce endomastigotes, indispensable for transmission in other Phytomonas spp. These observations, along with the fact that P. bidens overwinters at the egg stage, led us to the conclusion that the examined infections with P. borealis were non-specific. Strikingly, the flagellates from the Novgorod population contained prokaryotic endosymbionts, whereas the parasites from the second locality were endosymbiont-free. This is a first case documenting presence of intracellular symbiotic bacteria in Phytomonas spp. We suggest that this novel endosymbiotic association arose very recently and did not become obligate yet. Further investigation of P. borealis and its intracellular bacteria may shed light on the origin and early evolution of endosymbiosis in trypanosomatids., Anna I. Ganyukova, Alexander O. Frolov, Marina N. Malysheva, Viktoria V. Spodareva, Vyacheslav Yurchenko and Alexei Yu. Kostygov., and Obsahuje bibliografii