In this essay the author reflects on the subject of state-building, its interpretation and impact on the society. The government usually understands state-building differently than the opposition. The question is raised whether the development does not lead from state-building to “herd-building”, when smaller and larger groups behave like an easy-to-manipulate herd. But how can we revert this process?
The article approaches the transformation of mobile elite’s
political imagination, linking the emergence of a federative ideology to the impossibility of accommodating minorities. While referring to the case of the Hungarian revolutionary emigration in the middle of the 19th century as an example, the paper examines the categories of “inclusion in” or “exclusion from” a “core-group” as elements determined by the shared imperial legacies and a “minority” status of the public actors. Addressing Harris Mylonas’s scheme of accommodation of minorities within nation-states and combining
it with the concept of “Imperial biographies”, the paper claims that the projects for a Danubian confederation were the results of an inability to address non-homogeneity by a none-core group on a quest for building a nation-state. Driven into exile, Hungarian intellectuals preferred to opt for the incorporation of the other
none-core groups of the Habsburg Empire and their neighbors into a possible confederation that could allow not only to satisfy their aspirations for a national emancipation, but to turn “minorities”
into “majorities”. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Po krátkom úvode sa článok zaoberá terminologickými otázkami a potom klasifikuje rozličné formy medzinárodnej participácie na ústavodarnom procese. Táto participácia nie je totožná s jednoduchým vplyvom na ústavodarné procesy. Nasledovanie zahraničných modelov môže byť aj viac-menej dobrovoľné. Mnohé nové štáty Európy v 19. storočí napríklad nasledovali belgickú ústavu z roku 1831. Aj vplyv britských a francúzskych riešení bol intenzívny. Počas dlhého obdobia v 20. storočí bol zase typický
vplyv sovietskeho ústavného modelu. Aktívna medzinárodná alebo zahraničná právna a politická asistencia v ústavodarnom procese je úplne iná záležitosť.Vtiahnutie zahraničných a medzinárodných faktorov do tohto procesu môže byť priame alebo nepriame. Daná štúdia sa najprv zaoberá tzv. hard formami medzinárodnej právnej asistencie, potom zase jej miernejšími soft formami. Potom sa štúdia sústreďuje predovšetkým na vývoj v 20. storočí, ale krátko venuje pozornosť aj udalostiam z 19. storočia (budovanie nových štátov na Balkáne). V záverečnej časti je reč aj o podobe ústavnoprávnej asistencie v posledných rokoch Československa. and After short introduction the paper deals with terminological issues, then it classifies different forms of international participation in the constitution-making process. This participation is not identical with the simple impact of foreign models on the constitution-making. Drawing different levels of inspirations from foreign models is more or less voluntary.Many new countries in Europe in the 19th century followed the model of Belgian constitution from 1831. The impact of British and French solutions was very intensive as well. For a long period in the 20th century Soviet-Russian
constitutional model was highly influential . Active international legal and political assistance in constitution-making is a different matter. The involvement of international factors in these processes can be direct or indirect. The paper focuses first on the hard form, then on the soft form of international legal assistance.Although the paper concentrates on the development in the 20th century, it briefly covers the events of the 19th century (state-building in Balkan) as well. Final part of the paper focuses
on the process of (constitutional) legal assistance in the last years of Czechoslovakia.