The aim of our study was to measure serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) in patients with obesity (OB), obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy subjects (C) at baseline and after selected interventions. We measured serum FGF-19 levels and other biochemical and hormonal parameters in 29 OB and 19 T2DM females and 30 sex- and age-matched control subjects. The interventions were acute hyperinsulinemia during isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (n=11 for T2DM and 10 for C), very-low calorie diet (VLCD, n=12 for OB) and 3 months treatment with PPAR- α agonist fenofibrate (n=11 for T2DM). Baseline serum FGF-19 levels were significantly lower in OB relative to C group (132.1±12.7 vs. 202.2±16.7 pg/ml, p<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between T2DM and OB or control group. Acute hyperinsulinemia tended to decrease FGF-19 levels in both healthy and T2DM subjects. Three weeks of VLCD in OB group had no significant effect on FGF-19, whereas three months of fenofibrate treatment markedly reduced FGF-19 levels in T2DM patients (194.58±26.2 vs. 107.47±25.0 pg/ml, p<0.05). We conclude that FGF-19 levels in our study were at least partially dependent upon nutritional status, but were not related to parameters of glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity., M. Mráz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Leptin, an adipocyte-derived signaling factor, is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family. However there is no direct evidence of leptin stimulation of the acute phase protein (APP) synthesis which is typical for all other IL-6-like factors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the dynamics of circulating leptin in relation to ten APPs. We used postoperative septic patients as a model of cytokine network hyperstimulation and intensive APP reaction. The prospective study was performed on 22 patients with proven postoperative intraabdominal sepsis after large abdominal surgery. Plasma levels of leptin, TNF-a, IL-1ß, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-6 (ELISA analysis) and ten APPs (nephelometric analysis) were estimated. We have demonstrated a statistically significant elevation of plasma leptin concentrations in the septic group compared with healthy subjects (p<0.001). The correlation of plasma leptin and BMI during postoperative sepsis was diminished. The regression coefficient was the highest for leptin and CRP (r=0.48, p<0.05), and for leptin and alpha-1-antitrypsin (r=0.46, p<0.05) in the septic group. There was significant correlation between TNF-a and leptin (r=0.47, p<0.05) and between IL-6 and leptin (r=0.45, p<0.05) in septic patients. No significant correlation was found between leptin and "negative" APP and between leptin and IL-1ß. Leptin has thus been shown as an acute phase reactant with a potential hematopoietic, immunomodulatory and hepatocyte stimulating activity during the infectious and non-infectious stress response. The significant correlation between leptin and CRP and leptin and alpha-1-antitrypsin indicates that leptin can participate in APP synthesis regulation during a systemic inflammatory response., P. Maruna, R. Gürlich, R. Fraško, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Visfatin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone shown to correlate with visceral fat mass in patients with obesity. Its possible role in patients with different types of eating disorders is unknown. We measured fasting serum levels of visfatin and leptin and surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity in 10 untreated patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 10 untreated patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 20 age-matched healthy women (C) to study the possible role of visfatin in these disorders. Patients with AN had severely decreased body mass index (BMI) and body fat content. BMI of BN group did not significantly differ from that of C group, whereas body fat content of BN group was significantly lower compared to C and higher compared to AN group, respectively. Serum glucose levels did not significantly differ among the groups studied, whereas serum insulin and leptin levels and HOMA index were significantly decreased in AN group relative to both C and BN group. In contrast, serum visfatin levels in both patients with AN and BN did not differ from those of C group. We conclude that circulating visfatin levels are not affected by the presence of chronic malnutrition in AN or binge/purge eating behavior in BN., I. Dostálová ...[et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Ghrelin is a gut peptide produced mainly by stomach, well known to induce appetite stimulatory actions. Obestatin, a recently identified peptide derived from preproghrelin, was initially described to antagonize stimulatory effect of ghrelin on food intake. The postprandial response of obestatin and its relationship with ghrelin in humans remains unknown. We therefore investigated the postprandial response of obestatin and total ghrelin, acyl and desacyl ghrelin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) to a high-carbohydrate breakfast (1 604 kJ) in eight healthy women (age: 24.2±0.82 years; BMI 21.6±0.61 kg/m2). Blood samples were collected before the meal, and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after the breakfast consumption. Postprandial plasma obestatin concentrations significantly decreased compared with preprandial levels as well as total ghrelin concentrations and reached the lowest values 90 and 120 min after the meal consumption, respectively (p 0.05). Plasma acyl and desacyl ghrelin concentrations decreased after the breakfast and reached lowest values in 30 and 60 min, respectively (p<0.05). Plasma NPY concentrations were lower than preprandial levels 90 and 150 min after consuming breakfast (p<0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated in healthy young women that plasma obestatin concentrations decrease similarly to ghrelin after a high-carbohydrate breakfast., D. Sedláčková, I. Dostálová, V. Hainer, L. Beranová, H. Kvasničková, M. Hill, M. Haluzík, J. Nedvídková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Soluble leptin receptor (SLR) is the extracellular part of the leptin receptor. This protein is released into circulation and constitutes the main circulating leptin-binding protein. The aim of our study was to measure SLR concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and healthy subjects and to explore the relationship of SLR to other hormones and cytokines. The patients with CRF had significantly higher serum leptin, TNF-a and insulin levels than healthy subjects (25.1±23.5 vs. 9.4±7.6 ng.ml-1 (S.D.); 14.2±4.2 vs. 4.55±2.5 ng.ml-1; 39.8±36.1 vs. 20.3±11.1 mU.l-1). Serum soluble leptin receptor levels did not differ between these groups (19.1±11.3 vs. 19.6±6.1 U.ml-1). An inverse relationship between serum SLR and leptin levels was found in both groups. In patients with CRF the inverse relationship between SLR and insulin, body fat content and total protein levels were also found, while in healthy subjects only inverse relationship of SLR with insulin and albumin concentrations were detected. We conclude that soluble leptin receptor levels in patients with chronic renal failure do not differ from those of healthy subjects despite higher serum leptin levels in CRF patients. The physiological consequences of this finding require further investigation., J. Křížová, S. Sulková, V. Bednářová, E. Kotrlíková, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Women with a positive history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome later in life. The higher risk of these metabolic complications is closely associated with adipose tissue. In this review, the importance of adipose tissue is discussed in relation to GDM, focusing on both the quantity of fat deposits and the metabolic activity of adipose tissue in particular periods of life: neonatal age, childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy followed by nursing. Preventive measures based on body composition and lifestyle habits with special attention to the beneficial effects of breastfeeding are also discussed., D. Vejrazkova, M. Vankova, P. Lukasova, J. Vcelak, V. Cirmanova, M. Haluzik, B. Bendlova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of surgical removal of pheochromocytoma on the endocrine function of adipose tissue and subclinical inflammation as measured by circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Eighteen patients with newly diagnosed pheochromocytoma were included into study. Anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, serum CRP, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and six months after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma. Surgical removal of pheochromocytoma significantly increased body weight, decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. Serum CRP levels were decreased by 50 % six months after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma (0.49±0.12 vs. 0.23±0.05 mg/l, p<0.05) despite a significant increase in body weight. Serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were not affected by the surgery. We conclude that increased body weight in patients after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma is accompanied by an attenuation of subclinical inflammation probably due to catecholamine normalization. We failed to demonstrate an involvement of the changes in circulating leptin, adiponectin or resistin levels in this process., L. Bošanská ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The pathophysiological processes underlying the development of diabetic osteopenia has not hitherto been elucidated. Induction of streptozotocin diabetes leads in our experiments to decrease of bone density, ash, mineral content and to thinner cortical width compared to control male rats. In order to investigate the pathogenetic role of bone resorption by osteoclasts in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we determined the circulating levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a biochemical marker for bone resorption. Plasma TRAP values in diabetic rats did not differ from their corresponding controls. Streptozotocin diabetes by itself did not have any effect on the weight of seminal vesicles which are highly testosterone-dependent. Low doses of nitric oxide cause bone resorption, but higher doses of NO inhibit bone resorbing activity. We examined the effect of L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide production) after six weeks of administration to diabetic rats. There was no further significant loss of bone mineral density, ash and mineral content or tibia weight in diabetic rats treated with L-NAME. L-NAME itself did not decrease bone metabolism. In our study no evidence of an increased bone resorption was found. Our results have indicated that a predominance of bone resorption over bone formation is not involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated osteopenia. Inhibition of NO neither increased osteoclastic activity (TRAP) nor induced osteopenia in L-NAME-treated rats. This suggests a possibility that NO is not involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteopenia., P. D. Broulík, M. Haluzík, J. Škrha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Increased circulating adhesion molecules in patients with obesity play an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction/atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of various fat depots to the production of adhesion molecules in obesity. 12 women with 1st and 2nd degree of obesity, 13 women with 3rd degree of obesity and 14 lean age-matched women were included into study. Circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin were measured by Luminex kits. mRNA expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and CD68 in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured by RT-PCR; ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels by Luminex kits, normalized to protein content. Obesity increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression and protein levels and CD68 mRNA expression in VAT. Expression of E-selectin and MCP-1 did not significantly differ between groups. Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 positively correlated with expression of CD68 in both adipose depots. In VAT, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and protein levels positively correlated with BMI. Obesity was associated with increased adhesion molecules mRNA expression and protein levels in VAT, but not in SAT. Increased adhesion molecules production in visceral fat may provide a novel direct link between visceral adiposity and increased risk of cardiovascular complications., L. Bošanská ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy