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7682. Enteral nutrition and hepatosplanchnic region in critically ill patients - friends or foes?
- Creator:
- Richard Rokyta, Martin Matějovič, Aleš Kroužecký, and Novák, I.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, sepse, sepsis, enteral nutrition, hepatosplanchnic region, critically ill, nonocclusive bowel necrosis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Enteral nutrition (EN) is a preferred way of feeding in critically ill patients unless obvious contraindications such as ileus or active gastrointestinal bleeding are present. Early enteral nutrition as compared to delayed EN or total parenteral nutrition decreases morbidity in postsurgical and trauma patients. The hepatosplanchnic region plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The beneficial effects of EN on splanchnic perfusion and energy metabolism have been documented both in healthy volunteers and animal models of sepsis, hemorrhagic shock and burns. By contrast, EN may increase splanchnic metabolic demands, which in turn may lead to oxygen and/or energy demand/supply mismatch, especially when hyperemic response to EN is not preserved. Therefore, the timing of initiation and the dose of EN in patients with circulatory failure requiring vasoactive drugs are a matter of controversy. Interestingly, the results of recent clinical studies suggest that early enteral nutrition may not be harmful even in patients with circulatory compromise. Nevertheless, possible onset of serious complications, the non-occlusive bowel necrosis in particular, have to be kept in mind. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of clinically applicable monitoring tools for the effects of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients., R. Rokyta Jr., M. Matějovič, A. Kroužecký, I. Novák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7683. Entropies of vague information sources
- Creator:
- Mareš, Milan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- information source, message, uncertainty, fuzzy set, fuzzy entropy, and fuzzy information
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The information-theoretical entropy is an effective measure of uncertainty connected with an information source. Its transfer from the classical probabilistic information theory models to the fuzzy set theoretical environment is desirable and significant attempts were realized in the existing literature. Nevertheless, there are some open topics for analysis in the suggested models of fuzzy entropy - the main of them regard the formal aspects of the fundamental concepts. Namely their rather additive (i. e., probability-like) than monotonous (typical for fuzzy set theoretical models) structure. The main goal of this paper is to describe briefly the existing state of art, and to suggest and analyze alternative, more fuzzy set theoretical, approaches to the fuzzy entropy developed as a significant characteristic of the information sources, in the information-theoretical sense.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7684. Entropy and mutual information of experiments in the fuzzy case
- Creator:
- Markechová, Dagmar
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fuzzy probability space, fuzzy partition, entropy, and mutual information
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In my previous papers ([18], [19]) the entropy of fuzzy partitions had been defined. The concept of the entropy of a fuzzy partition was used to define the entropy of a fuzzy dynamical system and to propose an ergodic theory for fuzzy dynamical systems ([19], [20]). In this paper, using my previous results related to the entropy of fuzzy partitions, a measure of average mutual information of fuzzy partitions is defined. Some properties concerning this measure are proved. It is shown that the entropy of fuzzy partitions can be considered as a special case of their mutual information. We obtain that subadditivity and additivity of entropy of fuzzy partitions are simple consequences of these properties. The suggested measures can be applied whenever it is need to know the amount of information that we obtain by realization of experiments, the results of which are fuzzy events.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7685. Entropy of scalar reaction-diffusion equations
- Creator:
- Slijepčević, Siniša
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- reakce-difúzní rovnice, atraktor, neměnné měřítko, entropie, and Poincaré-Bendixsonova věta
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Uvažujeme skalární reakce-difúzní rovnice na ohraničených a rozšířených doménách, a to jak s autonomním, tak s časově periodickým nelineárním termínem. Diskutujeme význam a důsledky ergodické Poincaré-Bendixsonovy věty na dynamiku. Zejména ukazujeme, že v rozšířeném autonomním případě je časoprostorová topologická entropie nulová. Dále v rozšířeném neautonomním případě charakterizujeme časoprostorové topologické a metrické entropie jako entropie dvojice dojíždějících rovinných homeomorfismů.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7686. Entropy solutions to parabolic equations in Musielak framework involving non coercivity term in divergence form
- Creator:
- Elemine Vall, Mohamed Saad Bouh, Ahmed, Ahmed, Touzani, Abdelfattah, and Benkirane, Abdelmoujib
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- inhomogeneous Musielak-Orlicz-Sobolev space, parabolic problems, and Galerkin method
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We prove the existence of solutions to nonlinear parabolic problems of the following type: ∂b(u)⁄ ∂t + A(u) = f + div(Θ(x;t; u)) in Q, u(x;t) = 0 on ∂Ω × [0; T ], b(u)(t = 0) = b(u0) on Ω, where b : ℝ → ℝ is a strictly increasing function of class C 1 , the term A(u) = −div (a(x, t, u, ∇u)) is an operator of Leray-Lions type which satisfies the classical Leray-Lions assumptions of Musielak type, Θ: Ω × [0; T ] × ℝ → ℝ is a Carathéodory, noncoercive function which satisfies the following condition: sup |s|≤k |Θ(·, ·, s)| ∈ Eψ(Q) for all k > 0, where ψ is the Musielak complementary function of Θ, and the second term f belongs to L 1 (Q).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7687. Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 Assessment
- Creator:
- Šesták, Z.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- environmental protection
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7688. Environmental induced variations in leaf dark respiration and net photosynthesis of Quercus ilex L.
- Creator:
- Gratani, L., Varone, L., and Bonito, A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- carbon use efficiency, leaf temperature, and seasonal course
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The relationships between dark respiration rate (RD) and net photosynthetic rate (PN) in Quercus ilex L. shrubs growing at the Botanical Garden in Rome were analysed. Correlation analysis of the data sets collected in the year 2006 confirmed the dependence among the considered leaf traits, in particular, RD was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with PN (r = 0.40). RD and PN increased from March to May [1.40±0.10 and 10.1±1.8 µmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 mean values of the period, respectively], when air temperature was in the range 14.8-25.2 °C, underlining the highest metabolic activity in the period of the maximum vegetative activity that favoured biomass accumulation. On the contrary, the highest RD [1.60±0.02 µmol(CO2) m-2 s-1], associated to the lowest PN rates (44 % of the maximum) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) in July underlined the mobilization of stored material during drought stress by a higher air temperature (32.7 °C). and L. Gratani, L. Varone, A. Bonito.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7689. Environmental noise sources and their impact on the perception of quality of life
- Creator:
- Kabešová, Zuzana and Tůmová, Olga
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- environmental noise, noise impacts on human health and behavior, the quality of life influencing factors, noise annoyance, environmentální hluk, hlukové dopady na lidské zdraví a chování, faktory ovlivňující kvalitu života, and obtěžování hlukem
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This paper presents the methodology and results of a survey carried out in the Czech Republic. The survey deals with perception of environmental noise annoyance and the quality of life of people living in environmental noise affected areas. The focus is to identify which type of environmental noise like for instance road traffic noise, aircraft noise, wind turbine noise or other noise sources, is the most annoying. and Tento článek prezentuje metodiku a výsledky průzkumu provedeného v České republice. Tento průzkum byl zaměřen na vnímání obtěžování lidí hlukem z venkovního prostředí a na kvalitu života lidí, kteří žijí v oblastech zasažených environmentálním hlukem. V článku jsou posuzovány nejvíce obtěžující zdroje hluku životního prostředí, jako je například silniční doprava, letecká doprava, větrné turbíny a další zdroje hluku.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7690. Environmental noise sources and their impact on the perception of quality of life - comparison of the surveys provided in the Czech Republic and Germany
- Creator:
- Kabešová, Zuzana and Tůmová, Olga
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- environmental noise, the quality of life influencing factors, noise annoyance, noise perception, socio-economic groups, environmentální hluk, faktory ovlivňující kvalitu života, obtěžování hlukem, vnímání hluku, and sociologicko-ekonomické skupiny
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This paper deals with the perception of environmental noise annoyance and the quality of life of people living in environmental noise affected areas. The current paper compares the results of two surveys carried out in the Czech Republic and in Bavaria in Germany. Both surveys were conducted to help to identify the most annoying noise sources in both countries and participants’ attitude to them. In addition, the environmental noise impacts on the quality of life of people living in environmental noise-affected areas were identified and compared with other factors influencing the quality of life. A part of this paper is devoted to the analysis focused on issues related to the satisfaction with factors influencing the quality of life in respondents’ local areas, the perception of noise from selected sources, and annoyance by the selected environmental noise sources by different socio-economic groups. and Tento příspěvek se zabývá vnímáním obtěžování hlukem ze životního prostředí a kvalitou života lidí v oblastech postižených environmentálním hlukem. Článek shrnuje výsledky dvou průzkumů provedených v České republice a v Bavorsku v Německu. Oba průzkumy byly provedeny s cílem pomoci identifikovat nejnepříznivější zdroje hluku v obou zemích a postoj respondentů k nim. Kromě toho byl zjišťován vliv environmentálního hluku na kvalitu života v oblastech zasažených tímto hlukem a porovnán s ostatními faktory ovlivňujícími kvalitu života. Část příspěvku je věnována analýze zaměřené na problematiku spokojenosti různých sociologicko-ekonomických skupin obyvatel s faktory ovlivňujícími kvalitu života v místě bydliště respondentů, na vnímání hluku z vybraných zdrojů a na obtěžování hlukem vybraných zdrojů.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public