Number of results to display per page
Search Results
37832. Molecular analysis of the gut contents of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a method for detecting intra-guild predation by this species on aphidophagous predators other than coccinellids
- Creator:
- Ingels, Brecht, Aebi, Alexandre, Hautier, Louis, Van Leeuwen, Thomas, and De Cercq, Patrick
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla carnea, Diptera, Syrphidae, Episyrphus balteatus, intraguild predation, gut-content analysis, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Several studies have demonstrated that the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a strong intra-guild predator of native species of ladybird. Laboratory studies have shown that H. axyridis can be an intra-guild predator of aphid predators other than coccinellids, including the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus and lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. However, little is known about the effect of intra-guild predation (IGP) by H. axyridis on hoverfly and lacewing populations in the field. In the present study molecular analyses were used to detect the DNA of E. balteatus and C. carnea in the gut contents of H. axyridis. Primers for the syrphid and chrysopid prey were designed and feeding experiments performed to determine how long prey DNA remains detectable in the guts of this ladybird. DNA detection was influenced by the life stage of the predator and species of prey. Meal size did not affect detection time, except when fourth instar individuals of H. axyridis were fed 10 eggs or one second instar of C. carnea. Predator weight, sex and morpho-type (melanic/non-melanic) did not influence DNA detection. The half-life of the time for which the DNA of the prey remained detectable was calculated for each predator-prey combination, and ranged from 8.9 to 52.4 h. This method can be used to study the ecological importance of IGP by H. axyridis on aphidophagous predators other than coccinellids in the field., Brecht Ingels ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37833. Molecular and morphological characterisation of the metacercariae of two species of Cardiocephaloides (Digenea: Strigeidae) infecting endemic South African klipfish (Perciformes: Clinidae)
- Creator:
- Vermaak, Anja, Smit, Nico J., and Kudlai, Olena
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trematoda, Clinus superciliosus, Clinus cottoides, marine fish parasites, DNA, and morphology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- South African clinids are a major component of the temperate intertidal regions that are also known to participate in life cycles and transmission of several groups of parasites. However, the knowledge of trematode diversity of these fishes is incomplete. In this study, two species of Clinus Cuvier, the super klipfish Clinus superciliosus (Linnaeus) and the bluntnose klipfish Clinus cottoides Valenciennes, were collected from six localities along the South African coast and examined for the presence of trematodes. Metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides Sudarikov, 1959 were found in the eye vitreous humour and brain of C. superciliosus and in the eye vitreous humour of C. cottoides. Detailed analyses integrating morphological and molecular sequence data (28S rDNA, ITS2 rDNA-region, and COI mtDNA) revealed that these belong to two species, Cardiocephaloides physalis (Lutz, 1926) and an unknown species of Cardiocephaloides. This study provides the first report of clinid fishes serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes, reveals that the diversity of Cardiocephaloides in South Africa is higher than previously recorded, and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the life cycles of these trematode species. The broad geographical distribution of Cardiocephaloides spp. was confirmed in the present study based on molecular sequence data. The host-parasite interactions between clinid fishes and metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides are yet to be explored.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
37834. Molecular and morphological phylogeny of the parasitic wasp genus Yelicones (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae)
- Creator:
- Areekul, Buntika, Mori, Miharu , Zaldivar-Riverón , Alejandro, and Quicke, Donald L.J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Molecular phylogeny, Braconidae, Rogadinae, Yelicones, 28S rRNA, combined analysis, and biogeography
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Phylogenetic relationships of the braconid wasp genus Yelicones Cameron are studied using the D2-D3 region of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene, both alone and simultaneously with morphology. The results support a morphology-based phylogeny, presented elsewhere, with Yelicones being divided into two major groups corresponding to the New and Old World faunas. The African and Asian species largely form separate clades except for Yelicones wui Chen & He from China which is associated with the Afrotropical species. Potential molecular synapomorphies are illustrated.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37835. Molecular approach for identification of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Province of Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
- Creator:
- Talbalaghi, Asghar and Shaikevich, Elena
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Itálie severní, Italy, Northern, mosquitoes, Culicidae, Anopheles maculipennis, Ochlerotatus caspius, Culex pipiens, PCR-RFLP, ITS2, COI, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present work was to identify cryptic species in the Anopheles maculipennis and Culex pipiens complexes and to study the genetic structure of the dominant mosquito species Ochlerotatus caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Province of Alessandria close to the vast area untreated rice fields in Piedmont, NW Italy. With the help of PCR-RFLP analysis, four members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex were identified: A. messeae, A. maculipennis, A. sacharovi and A. atroparvus. Only C. pipiens f. molestus was identified in 11 habitats studied in Piedmont. Partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mitochondrial gene and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes for Italian O. caspius are reported here for the first time. The results indicate that this species diverged from Iranian representatives of this species about one million years ago. The great diversity of mosquito species in Piedmont considerably increases the risk of vector-borne diseases. and Asghar TALBALAGHI, Elena SHAIKEVICH.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37836. Molecular aspects of regulation of cardiac contraction
- Creator:
- Pelouch, V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- contractility of myocardium, isomyosins, contractile proteins, regulatory proteins, modulatory proteins, collagen, extracellular matrix proteins, and cardiac hypoxia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Contractility of the myocardium is determined by the interaction of contractile (actin and myosin) and regulatory (troponin and tropomyosin) proteins in the presence of calcium ions and chemical energy. The formation of the actomyosin complex is affected by the modulatory (C-, F-, M-proteins, actinins) and interstitial proteins (different types of collagens, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, elastins). Cardiac hypoxia is accompanied by qualitative and quantitative changes in both collagenous (change in the proportion of different extracellular matrix proteins) and non-collagenous proteins (formation of different isomyosins and isoforms of actins or regulatory proteins). This remodelling of cardiac musculature influences significantly the process of contraction and relaxation in the hypoxic myocardium.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
37837. Molecular assessment of kidney allografts: are we closer to a daily routine?
- Creator:
- Trailin, Andriy , Hruba, Petra , and Viklicky , Ondrej
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- kidney transplantation, gene expression, RT-qPCR, microarray, MMDx, and molecular microscope
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Kidney allograft pathology assessment has been traditionally based on clinical and histological criteria. Despite improvements in Banff histological classification, the diagnostics in particular cases is problematic reflecting a complex pathogenesis of graft injuries. With the advent of molecular techniques, polymerasechain reaction, oligo- and microarray technologies allowed to study molecular phenotypes of graft injuries, especially acute and chronic rejections. Moreover, development of the molecular microscope diagnostic system (MMDx) to assess kidney graft biopsies represents the first clinical application of a microarraybased method in transplantation. Whether MMDx may replace conventional pathology is the subject of ongoing research, however this platform is particularly useful in complex histological findings and may help clinicians to guide the therapy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37838. Molecular basis of the effect of atorvastatin pre-treatment on stem cell therapy in chronic ischemic diseases - critical limb ischemia
- Creator:
- Adamičková, Adriana, Gažová, Andrea, Adamička, Matúš, Chomaničová, Nikola, Valašková, Simona, Červenák, Zdenko, Šalingová, Barbara, and Kyselovič, Ján
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- atorvastatin, chronic ischemic diseases, mesenchymal stem cells, and microRNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Autologous stem cell therapy is the most promising alternative treatment in patients with chronic ischemic diseases, including ischemic heart disease and critical limb ischemia, which are characterized by poor prognosis related to serious impair of quality of life, high risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rates. However, one of the most serious shortcomings of stem cell transplantation are low survival after transplantation to the site of injury, as large number of stem cells are lost within 24 hours after delivery. Multiple studies suggest that combination of lipid-lowering drugs, statins, and stem cell transplantation might improve therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine. Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase and belong to recommended therapy in all patients suffering from critical limb ischemia. Statins possess non-lipid effects which involve improvement of endothelial function, decrease of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, anti-cancer and stem cell modulation capacities. These non-lipid effects are explained by inhibition of mevalonate synthesis via blocking isoprenoid intermediates synthesis, such as farnesylpyrophospate and geranylgeranylpyrophospate and result in modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, statin-mediated microRNA regulation may contribute to the pleiotropic functions. MicroRNA interplay in gene regulatory network of IGF/Akt pathway may be of special significance for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. We assume further studies are needed for detailed analysis of statin interactions with microRNA at the molecular level and their link to PI3K/Akt and IGF/Akt pathway in stem cells, which are currently the most promising treatment strategy used in chronic ischemic diseases.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
37839. Molecular basis of TRPA1 regulation in nociceptive neurons: a review
- Creator:
- Kádková, A., Synytsya, V., Krusek, J., Zímová, L., and Vlachová, V.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, bradykinin, structure - function, nociception, post-translational modifications, signaling pathways, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) is an excitatory ion channel that functions as a cellular sensor, detecting a wide range of proalgesic agents such as environmental irritants an d endogenous products of inflammation and oxidative stress. Topical application of TRPA1 agonists produces an acute nociceptive response through peripheral release of neuropeptides, purines and other transmitters from activated sensory nerve endings. This, in turn, further regulates TRPA1 activity downstream of G-protein and phospholipase C -coupled signaling cascades. Despite the important physiological relevance of such regulation leading to nociceptor sensitization and consequent pain hypersensitivity, th e specific domains through which TRPA1 undergoes post -translational modifications that affect its activation properties are yet to be determined at a molecular level. This review aims at providing an account of our current knowledge on molecular basis of r egulation by neuronal inflammatory signaling pathways that converge on the TRPA1 channel protein and through modification of its specific residues influence the extent to which this channel may contribute to pain., A. Kádková, V. Synytsya, J. Krusek, L. Zímová, V. Vlachová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37840. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa) in children and cattle in Romania
- Creator:
- Vieira, Patrícia Manuela, Mederle, Narcisa, Lobo, Maria Luísa, Imre, Kálmán, Mederle, Ovidiu, Xiao, Lihua, Darabus, Gheorghe, and Matos, Olga
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- telata, molekulární epidemiologie, calves, molecular epidemiology, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, Cryptosporidium parvum, man, GP60 variability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To investigate the transmission of species of Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907 in Timis County, Romania, 48 isolates of Cryptosporidium coccidia from 11 children, 29 calves and eight pigs were characterised by molecular analysis of two loci (SSU rRNA and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene). Overall, 22 isolates were amplified and sequence analyses revealed that all isolates were Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912. Two subtype families were identified, IIa and IId. Subtype IIdA22G1 (n = 4) was the single C. parvum subtype found in children. Subtypes found in calves included IIdA27G1 (n = 8), a novel subtype, IIdA25G1 (n = 5), IIdA22G1 (n = 2), IIdA21G1a (n = 1), and IIaA16G1R1 (n = 1). Subtype IIdA26G1 was found in a pig. These results were significantly different from previous Romanian reports, as the five subtypes of family IId identified in this study were never identified previously in this country. Thus, cattle may be a source of Cryptosporidium infections for humans and the transmission dynamics of C. parvum in Romania is more complex than previously believed., Patrícia Manuela Vieira, Narcisa Mederle, Maria Luísa Lobo, Kálmán Imre, Ovidiu Mederle, Lihua Xiao, Gheorghe Darabus, Olga Matos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public