Similar to other advanced semiotic systems, we differ three aspects in the magic fairy-tale - creation The study deals with the analysis of the source Consignatio Processionum ex Decanatibus Parochii in Marchionatus Moravia existencibus annue Duci Solitarum (1771, written in Latin and deposited in the archive funds of the Olomouc Consistory, which brings knowledge concerning pilgrim activities in Moravia, or, more precisely, in the diocese of Olomouc in 1771. The source lists 448 locations in total, from which people made collective pilgrimages or processions, several villages from one parish frequently setting off on a common pilgrimage. On the basis of the analysis of Consignatio processionum [...] we can find out that during 1771, pilgrims from the whole of the diocese of Olomouc set off on journeys to 328 places. Out of these 328 places, 91 were places of pilgrimage of varying importance (including places abroad), in further 70 places we cannot claim with certainty that we deal with a place of pilgrimage of local importance, or if people made a pilgrimage there in connection with the church or chapel patronal feast day. On the basis of the established data, we can form an idea about the density of the pilgrim traffic, the number of the places visited, or for example the destinations of the pilgrims beyond the borders of Moravia (whether Polish Częstochowa, Hungarian Šaštín, or Styrian Mariazell), and a number of other factors connected with carrying out collective pilgrimages.
In Grave 95 of the burial ground at Holubice an amulet was found at the left shank of the buried individual, where a rock crystal pendant was replaced by another valuable object – a 1st/2nd century Roman rock crystal ring. Rings of this type are known almost exclusively from Rhineland and Gaul. The specimen from Holubice represents an "eastern outlier" which, moreover, was found beyond the frontiers of the Roman Empire. The possibility that its last female owner has found it by chance thus can be ruled out. The ring most probably reached the Lombard territory by means of trade or exchange of gifts. This distribution pattern of valuable antiquities was evidently widely used in the early medieval period but it implies systematic collection of accidentally discovered as well as intentionally unearthed finds.
In 2008 the Institute of Archeological Heritage Presevation in Brno in collaboration with MZM Brno confiued field surveys using metal detectors at selected La Tene localities in Moravia. The surveys targetted settlements attached to the power centre of the La Tene Age in the village of Němčice (Prostějov region) and in the Boskovice depression. Collections were aslo obtained over two surwey periods from Roman sites in the village of Rakvice in south MOravia and in the village of Dolní Němčí-Vlčnov in south -east Moravia. Apart from the artifact and the information they yielded, the survey also revaeled more general knowledge about the sites, which unambiguously shows the necessity of carrying out metal detector prospecting by archaeological instituions. The finds have considerably enriched our knowledge of the Middle Bronze Age period (exemplified by a needle with an eyelet of a Lower Silesian origin) and of the Roman period (exemplifield by a brooch of Aucissa type, a brooch with cut out bow, brooches A 129 and bronze moulds for the production of the Early Roman bridles of the Vimose type., Miloš Čižmář .. .[et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
During 2009, ÚAPP Brno in conjunction with MZM Brno continued surveys using metal detectors at selected Moravian La Tène sites. The field survey has focused particularly on investigations of the settlement hinterland from the La Tène period in Nˇemˇcice near Prostˇejov and the surrounding settlements, sites in the Boskovice Furrow and the Staré Hradisko Celtic oppidum. Artifact assemblages were also recovered from two surveys of several sites in southern Moravia. Apart from the individual finds and the information they yielded, the surveys also provided more general information. These results reaffirm the view that it is necessary for archaeological institutions to conduct such metal detector surveys. The new finds have clearly added to our knowledge, particularly with regards to the La Tène culture, with the finding of a palmette-shaped belt-clasp from Drnholec, mask handle base from Polkovice, "Dreiblattknopf" from Hevlín and two brooch fragments of a so far unknown type from Staré Hradisko, and unusually for the early Slavonic period north of the Danube, a rare Byzantine belt-clasp fragment (from Bedihošt’). Another artifact which further attests to the importance of metal detector surveys is a Late Roman brooch of the Hrušica type found at Dyjákovice, the first such find in the Czech Republic., Miloš Čižmář ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
During 2010, ÚAPP Brno in conjunction with MZM Brno, continued surveys using metal detectors at selected Moravian La Tène sites. The field survey has focused particularly on investigation of the settlement hinterland of the oppidum Staré Hradisko and the power centre from the La Tène period at Nˇemˇcice na Hané, on the area of Nˇemˇcice settlement and in the smaller degree also on sites in the Boskovice Furrow. Collections of finds were also obtained over two survey periods from several sites in south Moravia. Apart from the artifacts and the information about these sites they yielded, the survey also revealed more general knowledge, which reaffirm the necessity of carrying out metal detector prospecting by archaeological institutions. The new finds have clearly added to our knowledge, particularly with regards to the La Tène period, with the finding of a plastic head from Nˇemˇcice, and for the Roman Age with the finding of a provincial anchor-shaped brooch from Kuˇrim, the present time rare in Moravia. The finds from two sites are important for understanding of communication between Moravia and Bohemia along the Svitava River., Miloš Čizmář, Jana Čižmářová, Martin Kejzlar., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
On the basis of the refitting of chipped stone industry it has been possible to reconstruct and compare the reduction strategies of three prominent cultural complexes in Moravia during the Early Upper Palaeolithic. Thanks to such refitting, it is possible to describe the basic technological differences between the Bohunician, the Szeletian and the Aurignacian. and Na základě skládanek kamenné štípané industrie se podařilo zrekonstruovat a porovnat operační schéma tří význačných kulturních komplexů na Moravě na počátku mladého paleolitu. Díky těmto remontážím jsme schopni popsat základní technologické rozdíly mezi bohunicienem, szeletienem a aurignacienem.
K málo prozkoumaným výrobním odvětvím v protohistorii Moravy patří činnosti spojené s hutněním železa. V Olomouci-Neředíně bylo spolu s časně laténskou keramikou nalezeno více než 80 kg strusek, úlomky rud a velké množství tepelně postižené hlíny. Ani v jednom případě se ale nepodařilo spojit jejich výskyt s výrobním zařízením. Hutněna byla především ruda typu Lahn-Dill, která musela být transportována ze vzdálenosti 20–25 km. Radiokarbonová data ze zuhelnatělého dřeva pocházejícího ze strusek odkazují do počátku doby halštatské, lze však předpokládat, že výroba probíhala v pozdní době halštatské či spíše v časné době laténské a v radiokarbonových datech se odrazil „old-wood effect“. Vzhledem k rozsáhlému odlesňování krajiny v okolí Olomouce v mladším pravěku je zvažováno zásobování produkčního místa dřevěným uhlím z širšího okruhu 15–20 km. Nálezy strusek z Olomouce-Neředína představují nejstarší doložené stopy hutnění na Moravě. and Among the little-investigated specialised production in Moravian Iron Age are activities related to iron metallurgy. Together with La Tène pottery, more than 80 kg of slag, fragments of ore and a large amount of heat-affected clay was found at Olomouc-Neředín, however, it was not possible to link their occurrence with production installations. Lahn-Dill-type ore was mainly processed, which had to be transported from a distance of 20–25 km. Radiocarbon dating of carbonised wood that came from slag points to the beginning of the Hallstatt period; it can however be assumed that production took place in the Late Hallstatt period or, rather, Early La Tène, and that the ‘old-wood’effect was reflected in the radiocarbon dating. Due to extensive deforestation of the landscape around Olomouc in later prehistoric times, the function of a supply area for wood coal from the vicinity of 15–20 km is under consideration. Finds of slag from Olomouc-Neředín are the earliest documented traces of bloomery smelting in Moravia.
Během výzkumu na parcele v Josefské ul. 7 (1988–1992, 2001) byla odkryta jáma z 12./13. stol. se souborem zlomků tyglíků, které byly vyrobeny většinou z okrajů grafitových zásobnic. Jen jeden zlomek pochází ze speciálně vyrobeného tyglíku rovněž s příměsí grafitu. Pomocí analytických metod (RFA, SEM-EDX, EMPA) byla prokázána přítomnost mědi a zinku na povrchu tyglíků, lze uvažovat o produkci či recyklaci mosazi. Svědectví o kovové produkci v několika místech v Brně 12. stol. můžeme spojit s rozvojem zdejší předlokační aglomerace. Novou kvalitu přinesla výroba velkých grafitových tyglíků v souvislosti se založením města ve 2. čtvrtině 13. století. and Evidence of non-ferrous metallurgy from the end of the 12th century, discovered in Josefská St in Brno. A pit from the 12th/13th century excavated in the area of the pre-urban agglomeration of Brno produced a collection of small crucibles, mostly made from the rims of graphite clay storage vessels. Only one potsherd comes from a specialised smelting pot, also with an admixture of graphite. As a variety of analyses (XRF, SEM-EDX, EMPA) proved the presence of copper and zinc on the surface of the crucibles, we can therefore assume this probably relates to the production of brass objects. The find is further evidence of metal production in Brno of the 12th century. The production of large graphite crucibles expanded with the founding of the town in the second quarter of the 13th century, and the occurrence of these vessels indicates a new quality in metallurgical production.
Cílem článku je upozornit na nejistoty provázející výzkum paleolitu v Čechách, a zejména publikace z posledních let. Pro kulturní i absolutní zařazení velkých souborů předmětů, získaných výzkumy prakticky pod ornicí, scházejí nesporné morfologické, stratigrafické a jiné přírodovědné argumenty. Data vzešlá z těchto výzkumů autor porovnává s výsledky z precizně zkoumaných evropských lokalit. Současně shrnuje aktuální stav bádání o starém paleolitu v Evropě a do jeho kontextu řadí nejstarší doklady přítomnosti člověka z Čech a Moravy. and The aim of the article is to point out the uncertainty accompanying studies of the Palaeolithic period in Bohemia, particularly in recent publications. Indisputable morphological, stratigraphic and other natural science arguments are lacking for cultural and absolute classification of larger assemblages of finds obtained by terrain excavation. The author of the article compares the data resulting from these excavations with meticulously investigated European sites. At the same time, the author also summarises the current state of research into Early Palaeolithic Europe and classifies the oldest evidence of man in Bohemia and Moravia into its context.
Jeskyně Býčí skála – jedna z nejznámějších halštatských lokalit na Moravě – byla archeologicky zkoumána mezi lety 1868 a 1942. Zatímco Předsíň poskytla mimořádně bohatou nálezovou situaci z pozdní doby halštatské, Jižní boční síň zhruba 100 m daleko od vchodu vstoupila do širšího povědomí jako významná lokalita mladého paleolitu. Zprávy o předválečných výzkumech však ukazují, že se v prostoru Jižní boční síně nacházely také početné postpaleolitické nálezy (lidské kosti, zvířecí kosti, keramika). Předložená studie diskutuje o rozsahu a charakteru těchto pravěkých aktivit a porovnává Býčí skálu s podobnými lokalitami, které jsou považovány za pohřební jeskyně. V závěru je předložena hypotéza o funkci a významu jeskyně v pozdní době halštatské. and The Býčí skála cave in the Moravian Karst and the Hallstatt use of its Southern Prong. The Býčí skála cave, one of the best known Hallstatt sites in Moravia, was subjected to archaeological investigation from 1868 to 1942. While Předsíň [Anteroom] offered an exceptionally rich Late Hallstatt period finds situation, Jižní boční síň [Southern Prong], some 100 m from the entrance, has entered the broader consciousness as an important Upper Palaeolithic site. The reports on the pre-war investigations, however, indicate that the space of the southern side chamber also contained numerous post-Palaeolithic finds (human bones, animal bones, ceramics). This study discusses the extent and character of this prehistoric activity, and compares Býčí skála to similar sites regarded as burial caves. The conclusion presents a hypothesis as to the function and significance of the cave in the Late Hallstatt period.