Cíl: Některé kategorie migrantů ze třetích zemí mají v České republice omezený přístup ke zdravotní péči. Cílem této studie je popsat a analyzovat zkušenosti migrantů ze třetích zemí s jejich přístupem ke zdravotní péči a využíváním alternativních strategií k zajištění zdraví. Metody: Kvalitativní design za využití semistrukturovaných rozhovorů. Bylo realizováno dvacet čtyři rozhovorů s migranty ze třetích zemí různých národností a s různými typy povolení k pobytu na území České republiky. Výsledky: Migranti v praxi čelí četným problémům v přístupu ke zdravotní péči. Byly identifikovány hlavní bariéry přístupu ke zdravotní péči: omezený právní nárok na veřejné zdravotní pojištění, nedůvěra a špatná informovanost pojištění, nedůvěra a špatná informovanost zdravotnických pracovníků, přístup komerčních zdravotních pojišťoven založený na tržních principech, jazyková bariéra a nedostatek znalostí cizinců o českém zdravotnictví. Tyto překážky byly příčinou následujících alternativních strategií migrantů k zajištění zdraví: kontaktování nebo využívání lékařů v zemích původu, platby v hotovosti, odkládání zdravotní péče, návštěvy známých lékaře nebo lékařů s migračním původem a samoléčba. Závěr: Některé kategorie migrantů ze třetích zemí čelí formálním a neformálním překážkám využívání českého zdravotnického systému, které jsou příčinou alternativních strategií zajišťování zdraví. Ty mohou vést k nepříznivým účinkům na jejich zdraví. Tato studie ukazuje, že v souladu s mezinárodními lidskými právy je potřeba implementovat změny v rámci veřejné ev. zdravotní politiky a zajistit tak přístup ke zdravotní péči pro všechny legální migranty ze třetích zemí v České republice., Background: Some categories of third countries´ migrants in the CR have restricted access to healthcare. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse migrants´ experiences of access to health- -care. Methods: Qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with twenty four migrants in the Czech Republic. Results: Some categories of third countries‘ migrants face formal and informal barriers to the Czech healthcare system, which leads to alternative health-seeking strategies such as visiting doctors in countries of origin (so called salmon bias), payments in cash, postponing the health care, visiting the known physicians or physicians with migration background and self-medication. The barriers to healthcare were: limited legal entitlement to public health insurance, mistrust and lack of awareness of medical professionals, approach of commercial health insurance companies based on market principles, poor language skills, and lack of knowledge about the Czech healthcare system., and Karolína Dobiášová
Aldosterone blocker Spironolactone has antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidative effects, that is why pathogenetically it is expedient to use it in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Material and methods: 46 patients with RA took 2550 mg/day of Spironolactone during 12 months as an addition to standard therapy, the comparison group consisted of 47 patients that got only standard therapy, all the patients were fully examined prior and post the treatment. Results: complex RA therapy leads to improved VAS, HAQ, the antioxidative potential index F; decreased blood concentrations of TNFα, ICAM1, FGF and VEGF in contrast to standard therapy. Complex therapy made reduced the DAS 28 more > 0.6. Conclusions: applying of Spironolactone in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to more pronounced improvement in indices of articular syndrome and patients life quality, reduce of antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and angiogenic cytokines, and more effectively reduces the activity of the disease comparing to standard therapy., Elena Komarova, Borys Rebrov, and Literatura
The significance of ABO blood system groups antigens in development of some malignant tumors is already established. The alteration of hormonal homeostasis must also be taken into account. Hence the aim of the investigation was to study ABO and Rh blood system antigens and hormonal status among reproductive age women with benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: The determination of hormones was made by the enzymatic analysis method (ELAIZA), provided by proper ELAIZA kits. For the study of ABO and RhHr system antigens, internationally recognized immunoserology methods were used. Results: High index of the breast gland tumors were revealed in patients with A(II) phenotypic group, according to the ABO system. The frequency distribution of O(I) phenotypic group was low among women with breast tumors. Among D, C, E, c and e antigens of the Rh system, the frequency of D and E antigens were increased in benign and malignant breast tumors patients. The study of hormonal balance revealed thyroid gland hypofunction and increased level of estradiol on the background of increased testosterone and decreased progesterone levels. Such hormonal imbalance and excess production of estradiol creates conditions for malignant tumor formation in reproductive age women. Conclusion: The highest frequency of breast cancer in reproductive age was revealed in A(II) group patients. The wide spectrum of hormonal disorders were revealed in breast tumor patients of the reproductive age, which was especially clear in cases of malignant tumor., Irina Nakashidze, Nanuli Kotrikadze, Anzor Diasamidze, Marina Nagervadze, Manana Alibegashvili, Liana Ramishvili, Manana Gordeziani, and Literatura
The article presents the results of research into component composition of raw calendula’s essential oil. The study was conducted by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry method under the following conditions: column - CP- Wax58FFAPCB 24,5 mm x 250 mm x 0,20 mm nominal, the mobile-phase-He (helium), speed-column mobile phase -1.0 ml /min, volume sample injection - 5 mkl; resolutions (5:1), in the Split, high-boiling chamber -220°C, detector temperature 275°C; Aux-200°C, column temperature 70°C gradually increased from 10°C / min to 250°C, maintained to the end of analysis temperature regime (250°C) for 5 min. muurololnaftalenol-8.522%. In addition, it was ascertained that in different parts of the world calendula’s essential oils differ from each other in qualitative composition and quantitative components., Aziza Juraeva, Olim Azizov, Viloyat Abdullabekova, Nodira Yunusxodjaeva, and Literatura
Hodnocení a sledování průběhu veřejně politických opatření (včetně politiky podpory zdraví) je, zejména v rámci diskurzu na poli veřejné politiky jako vědní disciplíny, chápáno jako nedílná součást tvorby a realizace veřejné politiky, která by měla přispívat k naplňování demokratických principů ve veřejné správě. Vlastní evaluační praxe, a tedy i konečný smysl hodnocení, se však může značně lišit od odborných akademických metodologických doporučení a deklarací v rámci strategických veřejně politických dokumentů. Cílem předkládaného článku je na základě systematické rešerše vytvořit teoretický rámec pro exploraci a porozumění evaluační praxi v politice podpory zdraví na národní úrovni (včetně podmínek, které na ni mohou působit) a představit zjištění některých zahraničních autorů, kteří zkoumali jednotlivé případy evaluační praxe., Public policy (including health promotion policy) evaluation and monitoring is considered, especially in the discourse on the ground of public policy as an academic discipline, to be an integral part of public policy creation and implementation, which should contribute to promotion of democratic principles in public administration. The particular evaluation practice and hence the very meaning of evaluation, may differ greatly from academic methodological recommendations and declarations included in strategic public policy documents. The aim of the article is to create a theoretical framework which can be used for exploration and understanding of evaluation practice in the health promotion policy at the national level (including various conditions which can influence the evaluation practice) and introduce some of the findings of authors dealing with particular cases of evaluation practice., and Eva Tušková
Backround: Worldwide, approximately 1 billion people, from which 200250 million are women, smoke. Based on the Estonian Medical Birth Register data, in 2010, 7,5% of pregnant women were smokers, and in 2012, 7% of pregnant women were smoking during their pregnancy. Thus, smoking rates among pregnant women fell only 0,5%. The objective of the research was to find out the views of pregnant women who were smoking during pregnancy of the effect of smoking on the health of them and their babies, and experiences in quitting smoking, changing indicators, e.g. smoking and socioeconomical status (initial exposure to smoking, employment, longterm partnerships etc.) in 20092013. Methods: This research is a phenomenological study, which was being carried out from October 2009 until January 2013. Data collection methods were semistructured interviews with 45 pregnant women smoking during their pregnancy and being registered for antenatal care in three health care institutions of Republic of Estonia. An inductive approach for qualitative analysis was used. Results: Most women smoking during pregnancy started smoking in their teens, their parents smoked, they were under 30 years old housewives or unemployed. On an average of 1120 cigarettes were consumed each day, the pregnancy of the research group did not influence frequency and tobacco intake. The participants in the research group reported that tobacco consumption helped them relax, gave them a chance to spend time in a good company, and it was not regarded as a bad habit but a social addiction, being caused by availability of tobacco products. Although most of them had an opinion about harmful effects of smoking, e.g. a cough, asthma and rapid fatigue, on the health of them and less on their expected babies, they continued smoking. Conclusions: The smoking and socioeconomical status of women smoking during pregnancy in 20092013 has not changed, health awareness of them is low and has not improved. Support groups with close relatives are needed to motivate cessation. In the first place, prevention needs a good example, purposeful cooperation, which starts in daily life context at homes, in educational institutions and in the community. Limiting the availability of tobacco products, postponing and preventing an initial exposure to smoking are thought to be of great importance. The results of the research will be introduced in health care institutions and they can be used in the health promotion process., Urve KaasikAaslav, Mare Vanatoa, Ene Kotka, and Literatura
Infantilní hemangiomy jsou nejčastějšími benigními vaskulárními nádory novorozeneckého a kojeneckého věku. Jedná se o nádory s velmi dobrou prognózou. Většina infantilních hemangiomů spontánně zcela regreduje v prvních deseti letech života. Jen deset procent infantilních hemangiomů vyžaduje nějakou terapii. V současné době je preferováno použití b-blokátoru propranololu. Ostatní typy benigních cévních nádorů je zapotřebí diferenciálně diagnosticky odlišit pro zahájení vhodné terapie a určení prognózy. Předložený článek shrnuje základní poznatky o hemangiomech u novorozenců. V závěru článku je zmíněna krátká kazuistika, kdy byla léčba rozsáhlého hemangiomu zahajována po konzultacích na našem pracovišti za kontroly kardiology., Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors of neonatal and infancy. These are tumors with a good prognosis. Most infantile hemangiomas spontaneously regress completely in the first decade of life. Only ten percent of infantile hemangiomas require some therapy. Currently it is preferred to use b-blocker propranolol. Other types of benign vascular tumors are needed to distinguish the differential diagnosis for initiation of appropriate therapy and prognosis. The present article summarizes the main findings of hemangiomas in infants. In conclusion, the article mentions a short case study, in which treatment was initiated extensive hemangioma after consultations at our clinic for checks cardiologists., Martin Pánek, and Literatura