Cíl: Průzkumné šetření zjišťovalo schopnosti spolupráce nemocných při léčbě Warfarinem a dodrţování léčebného reţimu v průběhu dlouhodobé antikoagulační terapie Warfarinem. Konkrétně byla mapována a vyhodnocena úroveň edukace sestrou, informovanost a adherence k léčbě u pacientů léčených Warfarinem. Metodika: Průzkumný soubor tvořilo 108 pacientů evidovaných v ambulantním léčení interní a kardiologické ambulance při interním oddělení Nemocnice ve Frýdku-Místku. Průzkumné šetření probíhalo v prosinci roku 2010 a lednu roku 2011. Pro sběr dat byla vyuţita metoda dotazníkového šetření. Výsledky: Výsledky průzkumného šetření ukazují, ţe naprostá většina pacientů léčených Warfarinem se aktivně podílí na léčebném procesu. Nemocným se od zdravotníků dostává poučení o léčbě, sestry se na edukaci podílejí v 75 %. Většina dotázaných dochází na pravidelné kontroly a zná zpaměti uţívanou dávku léku. Čtvrtina nemocných však není schopna uvést krvácení jako hlavní riziko léčby. Převáţná většina respondentů si je vědoma skutečnosti, ţe účinek léčby můţe být ovlivněn sloţením přijímané potravy, méně neţ polovina respondentů zná interakci Warfarinu s jinými léky či doplňky stravy. Nemocní mají na zřeteli, ţe je nutno informovat kaţdého lékaře o této léčbě, jen polovina respondentů však informuje i lékárníka. Závěr: Adherence k léčbě ze strany pacienta je základem úspěšné a bezpečné terapie Warfarinem. Cílem všech zdravotníků by měla být snaha o kvalitní a efektivní komunikaci s nemocnými, snaha o dosaţení co nejvyšší úrovně spolupráce, ochoty a schopnosti pacientů řídit se pokyny zdravotníků. Tím se výrazně zvýší úspěšnost léčby a eliminuje se riziko moţných komplikací léčby., Aim: Exploratory investigation ascertained capabilities of cooperation of patients when treated with warfarin and adherence to treatment regimen during long term anticoagulant therapy by warfarin. Specifically was mapped and assessed the level of education by nurse, foreknowledge and adherence to treatment in patients treated with warfarin. Methods: The exploratory set consisted of 108 patients, who were registered in ambulant treatment of internal and cardiac ambulance at internal department of Hospital in Frydek-Mistek. Exploratory investigation took place in December 2010 and January 2011. For data collection was used method of questionnaire survey. Results: The results of questionnaire survey show, that absolute majority of patients treated with warfarin is actively participating in the treatment process. The patients receive from the health care providers education about the treatment, nurses are participating in education in 75%. Majority of respondents have regular check ups and knows by heart the dose of the drug. A quarter of patients is not able to state bleeding as the main risk of treatment. The vast majority of respondents are aware of the fact, that the treatment effect may be influenced by the composition of the diet, less than half of the respondents know the warfarin interactions with other medication or supplements. Patients have in mind that every doctor should be informed about this treatment, only half of the respondents, however, informs as well the pharmacist. Conclusion: Adherence to treatment by the patient is the foundation of a successful and safe warfarin therapy. The goal of all health professionals should be to aim for quality and effective communication with patients, effort to achieve the highest level of cooperation, willingness and ability of patients to follow medical instructions. This greatly increases the effectiveness of treatment and eliminates the risk of potential complications of treatment., Michaela Teperová, Lucie Sikorová, and Literatura 8
Východiska: Vzhledem ke geriatrizaci ošetřovatelské péče se ageismus stává často diskutovaným tématem. Z tohoto důvodu je velmi důležité, aby nelékařští zdravotničtí pracovníci byli v tomto ohledu dostatečně vzděláváni, protože právě dostatečná informovanost a praktická zkušenost může ovlivnit míru inklinace k ageistickým postojům. Cíl: Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo zhodnotit ageistické postoje u studentů středních zdravotnických škol v závislosti na škole a ročníku, kterou respondenti navštěvovali a zjistit rozdíly ve vnímání seniorské populace. Metody: V souladu s cíli práce byl proveden kvantitativní výzkum formou dotazníkového šetření. Na základě bodového ohodnocení odpovědí v dotazníku byla zjištěna míra ageistických postojů u respondentů. Výsledky: Práce prokázala, že je statisticky významný vztah mezi ageistickými postoji u studentů a jejich příslušností ke střední škole. Stejně tak byl prokázán rozdíl mezi ageistickými postoji u studentů druhých a čtvrtých ročníků středních zdravotnických škol. Závěry: Z práce vyplývá, že ve sledovaném souboru se u většiny studentů objevuje střední inklinace k ageistickým postojům s ohledem na navštěvovanou školu. Dále pak, že k ageistickým postojům inklinují více studenti čtvrtých ročníků, kteří již absolvovali odbornou praxi u lůžka nemocného, než studenti druhých ročníků, kteří tuto praxi ještě neabsolvovali., Background: Due to geriatrization of nursing care becomes oen discussed theme. Because of this it’s very important that non-medical health staff will be enough educated. It is that sufficient awareness and practical experience that can affect the rate of inclination to ageist attitudes. Objective: e objective of this research was to evaluate ageist attitudes of nursing school students according to school which the respondents visited and find out the differences in perception of senior population among the students of second and fourth grade. Methods: Due to the aims of this work the quantitative research has been done through a questionnaire survey. e rate of ageist attitudes was observed based on scoring responses. Results: A statistically significant relationship between symptoms of ageist attitudes this work proved as well as the differences between symptoms of ageist attitudes among second and fourth grade students. Conclusions: e work shows that in the sample survey, the majority of students appearing middle inclination to the myths of old age. Furthermore, the myths of old age tend more fourth grade students who have already completed work experience at the bedside than second grade students who have not completed this practice yet., and Kristýna Šoukalová, Jana Holá, Markéta Nemšovská
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdiť bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresiu, sociálne aktivity a sociálnu oporu u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou (RA) a ich vzájomné vzťahy, posúdiť možné rozdiely vzhľadom na pohlavie, rodinný stav, vek, trvanie ochorenia a komorbiditu. Metódy: U 60 seniorov s RA bola posudzovaná intenzita bolesti vizuálnou analógovou škálou (VAS), funkčná disabilita Stanfordským dotazníkom hodnotiacim zdravie indexom disability (HAQ-DI), úzkosť Beckovým inventárom úzkosti (BAI), depresia Zungovým sebahodnotiacim dotazníkom depresie (SDS) a sociálna interakcia škálou sociálnych aktivít (SA) a sociálnej opory (SO) nástroja Škály merania vplyvu chorôb kĺbov 2 (AIMS2). Výsledky: U seniorov s RA bolo zistené pociťovanie priemerne silnej bolesti, stredná až ťažká funkčná disabilita, prežívanie stredne silnej úzkosti a depresie, obmedzovanie v spoločenských aktivitách. Vo vnímaní sociálnej opory bolo zistené najlepšie skóre. Medzi sledovanými premennými boli Pearsonovou koreláciou zistené väčšinou signifikantné (P ≤ 0,05) kladné slabé až silné vzťahy. Medzi pohlaviami neboli zaznamenané rozdiely. Horšie skóre (P ≤ 0,05) bolo zistené v oblasti prežívania úzkosti a vo vnímanej sociálnej opore u osamelo žijúcich seniorov oproti seniorom žijúcim v manželskom zväzku. Štatisticky významný pozitívny vzťah (P ≤ 0,05) sa potvrdil medzi vekom a prežívaním úzkosti, medzi trvaním ochorenia a depresiou, medzi komorbiditou a funkčným stavom a depresiou. Záver: Ako naznačujú výsledky, prioritou v starostlivosti o túto skupinu seniorov by nemalo byť iba zmierňovanie bolesti a zlepšovanie/udržiavanie funkčných schopností, ale aj redukcia úzkosti a depresie, a to o to viac, čím sú seniori starší, čím u nich trvá ochorenie dlhšie, s komorbiditou a tiež u osamelo žijúcich., Aim: The aim of this study was to assess pain, functional status, anxiety, depression, social activity, and social support and their interactions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess possible differences by gender, marital status, age, duration of disease, and co-morbidity. Methods: Pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional disability by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI), anxiety by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), depression by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), social activity by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with scale of Social Activity (SA), and social support (SO) by AIMS2 with scale Support from family and friend in 60 elderly with RA. Results: There were found average strong pain, moderate to severe functional disability, moderate anxiety and moderate-to-marked depression, and limitation in social activity in elderly with RA. The best score was found in scale of social support. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) mild to severe relations were confirmed between explored objectives by Pearson’s correlations. Between genders no significant differences were recorded. Worse score (p ≤ 0.05) was detected in anxiety and social support in elderly living alone compared to married elderly. Between age and anxiety, duration of disease and depression, co-morbidity and functional disability, and depression were confirmed significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive relationships. Conclusion: According to results, not only pain reduction and improving/maintaining of functional status is the priority of care in elderly with RA, but also reduction of anxiety and depression is important, mainly in older, with longer duration of disease, co-morbidity and also for elderly living alone., Mária Sováriová Soósová, Renáta Suchanová, Libuša Tirpáková, and Literatura
Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
Comparative assessment of clinical efficiency of omeprazole and rabeprazole in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 65 patients with a verified diagnosis GERD were examined. Comparative clinical investigations of using of omeprazole and rabeprazole have revealed effectiveness of both drugs in the therapy of GERD. However, rabeprazole showed antisecretory action in the earlier periods, providing stable clinical remission of GERD and early scarring of erosive lesions of the esophageal mucosa, compared with omeprazole., Mirvasit Karimov, Abdujabar Akhmatkhodjaev, and Literatura
Práce prezentuje prenatální diagnostiku, možnosti terapie a následnou péči u plodů a novorozenců s kongenitálním chylothoraxem na podkladě zhodnocení 14 případů na naší klinice v letech 1993 až 2012. Povšechný hydrops plodu byl popsán ve 4 případech (29 %), v 10 případech (71 %) byla provedena odlehčovací amniodrenáž a ve 3 případech (21 %) prenatální odlehčovací punkce hrudníku. Spontánně bylo porozeno 11 plodů (78 %), hrudní drenáž byla nezbytná v průměru 9 dnů po porodu. Mortalita dosáhla v souboru 29 % (4 případy). V článku popisujeme vyšetřovací algoritmy, terapeutické prenatální i postnatální postupy a je zdůrazněna nutnost mezioborové spolupráce., The work presents prenatal diagnosis, treatment and care options in fetuses and neonates with congenital chylothorax based on a detailed evaluation of 14 cases recorded in our department between years 1993 and 2012. Generalized fetal hydrops was described in 29% of cases, therapeutic amnio drainage performed in 71% and prenatal thoracentesis in 21% of cases. 78% of fetuses were delivered spontaneously; thoracic drainage was necessary nine days after birth in average. Mortality reached 29%. The following text describes diagnostic algorithms, prenatal and postnatal therapeutic options with emphasis on the need for interdisciplinary cooperation., Alena Malkovská, Zdeněk Žižka, Andrea Pašková, Václav Sebroň, Pavel Calda, and Literatura
Cieľ: Výskum bol zameraný na identifikáciu drţania diéty u adolescentných respondentov a niektorých príčin jej drţania vo vzťahu k pohlaviu a veku. Metodika: Na získanie empirických dát boli pouţité vybrané poloţky sebaposudzovacieho meracieho nástroja s názvom Mapovanie stravovacích návykov medzi adolescentmi (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark- Sztainer et al.). Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 387 adolescentných respondentov, toho času študentov prvých a štvrtých ročníkov stredných škôl. Výsledky: Podľa výsledkov výskumu ţeny častejšie drţia diéty (redukčné alebo pre jej udrţanie) či uţ v minulom roku (p = 0,002) aj v terajšej dobe (p = 0,000). Sú nespokojné so svojou hmotnosťou (p = 0,000) a postavou (p = 0,009). Respondenti vo veku 18 - 20 rokov uviedli, ţe si ich členovia rodiny doberali alebo si robili posmech z ich hmotnosti (p = 0,000). Vyššie percento ţien zaţilo negatívne hodnotenie ich hmotnosti zo strany členov rodiny (27,5 %) a vrstovníkov (33,5 %). Záver: Sestra v klinickej praxi môţe byť nápomocná pri identifikovaní drţania diét u adolescentov a jej príčin z hľadiska prevencie dopadu drţania diét na telesné a duševné zdravie adolescenta a pri realizácii uţ cielených intervencií, napr. edukácie v rámci takto obsahovo zameranej prevencie., Aim: The research was aimed at identifying dieting among adolescent respondents and some of the reasons for its keeping in relation to sex and age. Methods: For obtaining empirical data selected items of self-assessing measuring tool called Mapping dietary habits among adolescents were used (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark-Sztainer et al.). The research sample consisted of 387 adolescent respondents, previously high school students (of the first and fourth study year). Results: According to results of research women more frequently keep a diet (in order to lose weight or keep it the same) in last year (p = 0,002) as well as at present-day period (p = 0,000). They are not satisfied with their weight (p = 0,000) and figure (p = 0,009). Respondents aged 18-20 years reported that their family members have teased or made fun of their weight (p = 0,000). A higher percentage of women had experience a negative evaluation of their weight on the part of the family members (27,5 %) and peers (33,5 %). Conclusion: A nurse in clinical practice can be helpful in identifying dieting among adolescents and its causes in order to prevent the impact of diets on physical and mental health of adolescent and in the implementation of already targeted interventions, e.g. education in the context of the following content targeting prevention., Michaela Miertová, and Literatura 40
Aldosterone blocker Spironolactone has antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidative effects, that is why pathogenetically it is expedient to use it in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Material and methods: 46 patients with RA took 2550 mg/day of Spironolactone during 12 months as an addition to standard therapy, the comparison group consisted of 47 patients that got only standard therapy, all the patients were fully examined prior and post the treatment. Results: complex RA therapy leads to improved VAS, HAQ, the antioxidative potential index F; decreased blood concentrations of TNFα, ICAM1, FGF and VEGF in contrast to standard therapy. Complex therapy made reduced the DAS 28 more > 0.6. Conclusions: applying of Spironolactone in complex therapy of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to more pronounced improvement in indices of articular syndrome and patients life quality, reduce of antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and angiogenic cytokines, and more effectively reduces the activity of the disease comparing to standard therapy., Elena Komarova, Borys Rebrov, and Literatura
ABSTRAKT Cieľ: Zámerom štúdie bolo identifikovať štatisticky významné rozdiely v úrovni emočnej inteligencii (EI) u študentov ošetrovateľstva vzhľadom k demografi ckým údajom (vek, dĺžka štúdia) a zároveň zistiť či úroveň EI študentov ošetrovateľstva ovplyvňuje ich záujem o problematiku geriatrického ošetrovateľstva. Metódy: Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 86 univerzitných študentov denného bakalárskeho štúdia odboru ošetrovateľstvo. Na meranie úrovne EI boli využité dotazníky reprezentujúce rôzne chápania EI. Prostredníctvom SIT-EMO (Situational Test of Emotional Understanding) bola zisťovaná EI ako schopnosť. EI ako črta bola zisťovaná dotazníkom SEIS(Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale). Dotazníkom vlastnej konštrukcie ESE-GP (Emotional self-effi cacygeriatric patient) bola zisťovaná úroveň EI študentov v procese starostlivosti o geriatrických pacientov. Výsledky: Nezistili sme štatisticky významné rozdiely v úrovni EI študentov z hľadiska demografi ckých údajov (vek a ročník štúdia). Medzi úrovňou EI (SEIS)a perspektívnym záujmom študentov venovať sa geriatrickému ošetrovateľstvu bola zistená štatisticky významná súvislosť (p < 0,05). Závery: Zistené výsledky môžu uplatniť najmä inštitúcie poskytujúce ošetrovateľské vzdelávanie, ktorým odporúčame zamerať pozornosť na rozvoj EI v procese vzdelávania študentov ošetrovateľstva., Aim: The aim of the study was to identify statistically significant differences in levels of emotional intelligence (EI) of nursing students in relation with demographic data (age and year of study) and also determine whether the EI level of nursing students affects their interest in the issue of geriatric nursing. Methods: The sample consisted of 86 full-time undergraduate university students of nursing. To measure the level of EI, questionnaires representing diff erent understanding of EI were used. EI as an ability was determined by the SIT-EMO (Situational Test of Emotional Understanding). EI as a trait was evaluated by the questionnaire SEIS (Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale). The questionnaire of own construction ESE-GP (Emotional self-effi cacygeriatric patient) assessed the level of EI of students in the process of caring for geriatric patients. Results: There were no statistically signifi cant diff erences in the students’ level of EI in terms of demographic data (age and year of study). A statistically signifi cant association (p < 0.05) was found between the students’ level of EI (SEIS) and their promising interest to pursue geriatric nursing. Conclusion: The results can be applied in particular institutions providing nursing education, which can focus attention on the development of EI in the process of education of nursing students., Ingrid Juhásová, Ľubica Ilievová, František Baumgartner, Zuzana Rojková, and Literatura
Motivation Until recently it was considered that 65 years is cutoff for defining patients as elderly, but newer reports indicate that this age limit shift to 70 years of age. Elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer, associated comorbidities and poor performance status represent a specific population and a challenge for use of chemotherapy. Primary aim was to evaluate the impact of mono therapy with oral etoposide on overall survival in elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (clinical stage IIIb and IV ), and as well to evaluate tolerability of this therapy. Secondary aim was to evaluate response rate. Methods Retrospectively, medical records of 79 female and male patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status treated with oral etoposide (2x25 mg 20 days/10 days pause) in period from 2007 till 2010 were checked for relevant data. Data regarding demographics, performance status, overall survival, response rates and drug toxicity were collected. For statistical analysis we used Pearson chi-square test, T-test, Kaplan-Meier product limited method and Cox regression. Results Median overall survival (OS) was 31 weeks, in patients with PS 2 overall survival was 34 weeks, and in group with PS 3 was only 24 weeks. Partial response was registered in 20.2% of patients, stable disease in 41.85 % and disease progression in 38% of patients. Treatment was well tolerated, febrile neutropenia and toxic deaths were not registered. Toxic effects didn't have statistically significant influence on OS. Conclusion Oral etoposide used as mono therapy has been shown as moderate effective and very safe in treating elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status so it represents a good therapy option for treating this specific population., Zoran Andrić, Vladimir Kovčin, Slobodanka Crevar, Zafir Murtezani, Sanja Kostić, and Literatura