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16903. Úspěch českých etnologů na konferenci GIS ESRI a Leica

Creator:
Lydia Petráňová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Woitsch, Jiří, 1976-, Horálek, Adam, 1983-, Etnologický ústav (Akademie věd ČR), etnologie, geografické informační systémy, konference, ethnology, geographical information systems, conferences, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Lydia Petráňová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16904. Úspěchy a neúspěchy v nejednoznačných konstelacích: pět biografií Václava Havla

Creator:
Miloš Havelka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dějiny, history, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Tento recenzní článek se zabývá nejdůležitějšími monografiemi z poslední doby věnovanými životu a dílu Václava Havla (1936-2011) jako klíčové osobnosti československých a českých dějin v minulém půlstoletí: jde o knihy Edy Kriseové Václav Havel: Jediný autorizovaný životopis (Praha, Práh 2014), Martina C. Putny Václav Havel: Duchovní portrét v rámu české kultury 20. století (Praha, Knihovna Václava Havla 2011), Daniela Kaisera Disident: Václav Havel 1936-1989 (Praha - Litomyšl, Paseka 2009) a Prezident: Václav Havel (Praha - Litomyšl, Paseka 2014), Jiřího Suka Politika jako absurdní drama: Václav Havel v letech 1975-1989 (Praha - Litomyšl, Paseka 2013) a Michaela Žantovského Havel (Praha, Argo 2014). Havelka usiluje poukázat nejen na přednosti i nedostatky zmíněných publikací, ale také na diskontinuity v kontinuitách jeho myšlení, na úspěchy i neúspěchy jeho politiky a rovněž na vícedimenzionalitu jeho osobnosti, kterou se autorům podařilo zprostředkovat v různé míře. Nejprve sumarizujícím způsobem zasazuje zmíněné publikace do kontextu kritik Havlova myšlení a politiky od šedesátých, a zejména od devadesátých let, které jsou vedeny z různých, často protichůdných ideových a politických pozic. Poté přechází ke zmíněným publikacím. Knihu spisovatelky, disidentky a pozdější Havlovy spolupracovnice na Pražském hradě Edy Kriseové, která je v podstatě reedicí práce vydané již v roce 1991, označuje autor jako „disidentskou romanci“. Autorka líčí Havla jako kladného hrdinu doby minulé a vzor pro přítomnost, a jestliže počátkem devadesátých let podle Havelky její životopis vcelku splnil svůj účel rychle přiblížit Havlovu osobnost a myšlenky s ohledem na potřeby doby, dnes působí už příliš osobně a povrchně., a2_Literární historik Martin C. Putna, který byl jistou dobu také ředitelem pražské Knihovny Václava Havla, důsledně a někdy nápaditě zkoumá duchovní kořeny, inspirace a souvislosti Havlova myšlení a postojů, což mu umožňuje zajímavě propojovat rodinné tradice a národní kulturu stejně jako čistě individuální obzory a snahy s vlivem na velkou část společnosti. Své výklady buduje velkoryse a podává čtivě, jeho obraz však podle autora zůstává až příliš jednostranně založený a neukazuje Havlovu osobnost v jejím celku, z nějž by teprve bylo možné přesvědčivě vysvětlit řadu aspektů jeho rozhodování a jednání. Dva díly biografie novináře Daniela Kaisera jsou dohromady ve srovnání s ostatními texty nejrozsáhlejší, co do zpracování ale podle autora nejméně jednoznačné. Kaiser se prvoplánově soustředí na politiku, což působí poněkud jednorozměrně, a jeho úsilí o objektivní úplnost a nadhled, snaha nepominout nic důležitého a zajímavého se sráží s jeho vlastním nevysloveným politickým přesvědčením. Události přitom spíše jen zachycuje a mechanicky seřazuje, rušivě působí také opakování některých žurnalistických klišé, na druhé straně přínosně využívá i dosud nezpracované a neznámé materiály. Kniha historika Jiřího Suka není v pravém slova smyslu biografií, ale pronikavou historicko-politickou studií, která nezjednodušuje, nýbrž předvádí výstižný a přesvědčivý obraz politika ve víru dějin. K přednostem jeho výkladů patří, že je významově strukturuje, často s pomocí vlastních metahistorických konceptů. Svá zjištění vřazuje do nových kontextů a účelně zohledňuje dříve nezpracovaný materiál o disentu pocházející z dílny Státní bezpečnosti., a3_Bývalý politik a diplomat, překladatel a nyní ředitel Knihovny Václava Havla Michael Žantovský ve své biografii, která vyšla zároveň anglicky (Havel: a Life. London, Atlantic Books 2014), zachycuje podle autora Havlovu osobnost mnohem vrstevnatěji a vyváženěji než předešlí autoři. S využitím původní profese psychologa i důvěrné znalosti Havla se Žantovskému podařilo, oč jeho předchůdci, zaujatí spíše politikou, příliš neusilovali: ve vzájemném vztahování konkrétních společenských a politických situací na jedné straně a základních Havlových životních a uměleckých přesvědčení i intelektuálních dispozic na straně druhé nabídnout biografické vysvětlení programu Havlovy politiky., b1_This review article is concerned with the most important recent books about the life and works of Václav Havel (1936-2011) as a key figure of Czechoslovak and Czech history in the last fifty or so years. The books under review are Eda Kriseová, Václav Havel: Jediný autorizovaný životopis (Prague: Práh, 2014; published in English as Vaclav Havel: The Authorized Biography, trans. Caleb Crain), Martin C. Putna, Václav Havel: Duchovní portrét v rámu české kultury 20. století (V. H.: A spiritual portrait in the context of twentieth-century Czech culture. Prague: Knihovna Václava Havla, 2011), Daniel Kaiser, Disident: Václav Havel 1936-1989 (Prague and Litomyšl: Paseka, 2009) and Prezident: Václav Havel (Prague and Litomyšl: Paseka, 2014), Jiří Suk, Politika jako absurdní drama: Václav Havel v letech 1975-1989 (Politics as theatre of the absurd: V. H. from 1975 to 1989. Prague and Litomyšl: Paseka, 2013), and Michael Žantovský, Havel (Prague: Argo, 2014). Havelka seeks to identify not only the strength and weaknesses of these biographies, but also the discontinuities and continuities of Havel’s thinking, the successes and failures of his politics, and the many dimensions of his personality, which the authors have to various degrees succeeded in conveying. First of all, he summarizes the publications and puts them into the context of criticism of Havel’s thinking and politics since the 1960s, and especially from the 1990s onward, which has been articulated from different, often contradictory, intellectual and political positions. He then moves on to the books under review. Eda Kriseová, a writer, dissident, and later a colleague of Havel’s at Prague Castle, calls her biography (essentially a re-edition of the 1991 publication) a ‘dissident romance’. She portrays Havel as a positive hero of times past and as a model for the present., b2_ Whereas in the early 1990s, according to Havelka, her biography largely fulfilled its purpose, which was quickly to familiarize the reader with Havel and his ideas, considering the needs of the times, it now seems too personal and superficial. In his biography of Havel, the literary historian Martin C. Putna, who for some time was also the director of the Václav Havel Library in Prague, thoroughly and sometimes inventively explores the spiritual roots, inspirations, and connections of Havel’s thinking and attitudes. This enables Putna to make some interesting links between family tradition and national culture, and between purely individual horizons and efforts and influence on a large part of society. He builds grand interpretations in his interpretations, and presents them in a readable way, but his portrait, according to the reviewer, remains too one-sided and fails to show Havel’s personality in something at least approaching its entirety, from which it be would then be possible to convincingly explain a number of aspects of his decision-making and conduct. The two volumes of the biography by the journalist Daniel Kaiser are, in comparison with the other works, the largest, in terms of what they cover, but, according to the reviewer, they are the least straightforward. Kaiser primarily concentrates on politics, which seems rather one dimensional, and his efforts to achieve objective completeness and be above the fray, together with his endeavour not to omit anything important or interesting, collide with his own implicit political convictions. In the process, he tends simply to describe events and arrange them, disrupting the narrative with the repetition of some worn-out journalistic platitudes. Nevertheless, he makes good use of some hitherto neglected or unknown material. The book by the historian Jiří Suk is not a biography in the true sense of the word., b3_ Rather, it is a penetrating work of history and political science, which does not over simplify, but instead presents a telling and compelling picture of a politician in the maelstrom of history. Among the strong points of Suk’s interpretations is the fact that he structures meanings, often with the help of his own meta-historical concepts. He puts his findings into new contexts, and usefully takes into account previously neglected material about the dissidents, which he has found in the files of the State Security Services (Státní bezpečnosti - StB). In his biography, published in Czech, English (Havel: A Life. London: Atlantic Books, 2014), and other languages, the former translator, politician, diplomat, and now director of the Václav Havel Library, Michael Žantovský depicts, according to the reviewer, Havel’s personality in much more contoured and balanced way than the previously discussed authors have done. Drawing on his previous experience as a psychologist, together with an intimate personal knowledge of Havel, Žantovský has achieved what his predecessors, who were by and large more interested in politics, did not even really attempt to do - namely, to relate concrete social and political situations to Havel’s fundamental convictions about life and art and his intellectual disposition, in order to offer a biographical explanation of Havel’s political programme., and Miloš Havelka.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16905. Úspěšná integrace rumunské komunity z Bílé Vody

Creator:
Šimon, Martin
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
immigrant integration, migration to rural areas, Romanian, Roma, and Pentecostalism
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this paper I seek to contribute to our understanding of Romanian immigration in the Czech Republic that has been neglected so far in the scholarly literature. This article presents evidence on a selected Romanian community in peripheral village in the Jeseník-region based upon biographic interviews. The emergence and function of the community are reflected in the migration history of Romanian families, their gradual integration in society and in place of residence (marginalized village). Special emphasis is placed upon crucial moments like emergence of the distinction between Romanians and Roma in the eyes of majority of the society. Positive as well as negative influences upon the integration are discussed. The paper shows empirical evidence which is in some aspects contradictory to findings about integration of foreigners in the Czechia as presented by Tollarová (2006). The paper concludes with some consideration about future development of the community.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16907. Usus aquarum - Wasser und Wasserbauten im Leben der frühmittelalterlichen Gesellschaften Mittelerupas (Bericht)

Creator:
Lumír Poláček
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, voda, říční archeologie, water, archaeology, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, Mikulčice (Česko), Mikulčice (Czechia), usus aquarum, water structures, Early Middle Ages, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Institute of Archaeology of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Brno organized in the days of 24.- 25.9.2012 in the town of Hodonín a colloquium "Usus aquarum - Water and Water Structures in the LIfe of the Early Middle Ages Societies of the Central Europe" within the conference series "Internationale Tagungen in Mikulčice". Since the deditors obtained for the planned proceedings of papers in the 10. volume of publication series "Internationale Tagungen in Mikulčice" only 5 papers, these papers were relocated into the journal Synopsis of researches and published here in the block following this introduciton. This is a brief report on the colloquium - its course, aim, programme, etc., Lumír Poláček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16908. Usus aquarum in der frühmittelalterlichen Toponymie. Einblicke

Creator:
Christian Zschieschang
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, stará lužická srbština, rybolov, mlýny, místní jména, archaeology, old Sorbian language, fishing, mills, place names, Bohemia, names of servant villages, Early Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, Lower Lusatia, Selpuli/Selpoli, toponymy, use of water, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
The enormous importance of water for human settlement is reflected in the huge quantity of Slavic lexemes in mediaeval settlement names, referring to different kinds of bodies of water, marshland, distinct features of water and so on. Yet place names can also indicate the use of water, as will be shown for Bohemia in thes essay. In analysing these names, the essential precepts of onomastics must be observed. Firstly, rather than giving a run-of-the-mill account, names reflect a distinguishing feature particular to a certain settlement. For example, the name Mlynec indicates that a mill was the only one in its vicinity (and therefore outstanding enough to feature in the name of this settlement(. Secondly, many places names which may appear to refer to the use of water might also have other origins, such as metaphorical relations. In order to determine the impact and the use of water in early mediaeval settlement areas, it must be concluded that there are more reliable ways than counting corresponding topnyms. Analysing the complete toponomasticon of a settlement region offers a more precise picture, as is demonstrated for the region eas of the lower River Neisse/Nysa Lužycka at the end of this essay., Christian Zschieschang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16909. ÚTIA spouvyvíjí přijímač pro DVB-T2

Creator:
Milan Tichý
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Ústav teorie informace a automatizace (Akademie věd ČR), televizní technika, televizní vysílání, digitální vysílání, television technology, television broadcasting, digital broadcasting, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Institute of Information and Automation of ASCR (UTIA) and an Italian firm Screen Services completed the first stage of the cooperative project of developing and industrial receiver for the DVB-T2, a new gene­ration of the digital terrestrial television broadcasting. DVB-T2 is the most advanced system in the world and introduces the latest modulation and coding techniques to enable highly efficient use of the valuable terrestrial spectrum for the delivery of audio, video and data services to fixed, portable or mobile devices. and Milan Tichý.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16910. Utilization of archive geophysical data for geodynamical studies in the Sudetes: example of Bela fault zone (The Nizky Jesenik mts.)

Creator:
Pospíšil, Lubomil, Otava, Jiří , and Hudečková, Eva
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
recent vertical movements, GNSS networks, geophysics, Bělá fault, and reflection seismic
Language:
English
Description:
Geophysical data are used not only, in geological mapping, exploration of mineral resources, hydrogeology, but are also important for other branches such as environmental protection, civil engineering and archeology. That is why, within the project CzechGeo/EPOS (www.czechgeo.cz), geophysical data access is solved as a separate topic under the guidance of the Czech Geological Survey (hereinafter CGS). In accordance with the current needs of national and international activities (INSPIRE, EPOS, IAGA), an inventory of available data, its consolidation and harmonization according to national and international standards is conducted. The aim is to store securely and permanently valuable data, which in many cases cannot be reinstated. On the example from the Nízký Jeseník Mts. possible advantages and utilization of Archive data for mapping and verification of the movement tendencies gained from GNSS networks – EPN, EAST SUDETEN and MORAVA are demonstrated. Very valuable information for the interpretation of structural and tectonic conditions is provided by geophysical data (seismic reflection profiles, gravity and magnetic data, etc.) in the area of interest, especially in terms of monitoring the main fault systems and the character of the basement structures.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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