Studie Milady Jonášové se zabývá využitím jmenované kantáty italského hudebního skladatele Benedetta Marcella operním impresáriem Antoniem Denziem v pasticciu "Sansone", provedeným v roce 1729 na scéně pražského divadla v paláci hraběte Františka Antonína Sporcka., Milada Jonášová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 51, anglický abstrakt na s. 5.
Studie Marie Škarpové se zabývá literárními prameny a okruhy duchovních písní, které byly inspirací pro repertoár kancionálu "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky", jehož autorem byl přední český barokní básník a duchovní Fridrich Bridelius., This study deals with that portion of the repertoire of the Czech Advent and Christmas songbook Jesličky (Prague, 1658) by Fridrich Bridelius, which newly appeared in Czech hymnography thanks to this song book, and it summarizes the various results of the search for textual sources from other languages for these “new” songs in Jesličky. It points out their ties to contemporary German written hymnography (of both German and Bohemian provenience) and to Latin hymnography, i.e. to contemporary Latin songs. The text is thus not only a contribution towards discovering the ways that Czech hymnographers of the 17th century became familiar with the new, i.e. baroque, poetic language, but also, above all, an attempt to stimulate further hymnological research on baroque hymnographic works in the early modern history of Central Europe and the interconnections and relationships between them., Marie Škarpová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 397, anglický abstrakt na s. 377.
Klíšťata sají obrovské množství krve, která je jejich jediným zdrojem živin a energie. Přesný enzymatický mechanismus zpracování krve ve střevě klíšťat však kupodivu nebyl donedávna vůbec znám. Náš komplexní molekulární model trávení hostitelského hemoglobinu u klíštěte obecného (Ixodes ricinus) poprvé odhalil analogii enzymatického aparátu s krevsajícími ploštěnci a hlísticemi, a zároveň tato znalost představuje zásadní poznatek pro účinný boj s klíšťaty a jimi přenášenými patogeny., Ticks (in this case Ixodidae and Argasidae) feed on enormous amounts of host blood, which provides their ultimate source of energy and nutrients. There has been only limited evidence on the exact molecular mechanisms of blood digestion in ticks. For the first time, our complex enzymatic model of proteolytic digestion in the Common Tick (Ixodes ricinus) reveals the analogy of tick intestinal proteolysis with bloodfeeding platyhelminthes and nematodes and presents a future application potential in tick or tick-borne pathogen interventions., and Daniel Sojka.
V sídle Stálého zastoupení České republiky při EU se 28. května 2015 uskutečnila akce k příležitosti desetiletého výročí působení České styčné kanceláře pro výzkum, vývoj a inovace v Bruselu. Setkání doprovodila výstava předmětů z Pevnosti poznání, interaktivního muzea vědy Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci. and Kateřina Slavíková.
Nedílnou součást meteorologického a klimatologického výzkumu představují pozorování a měření stavu atmosféry. Příroda je jedna velká laboratoř, v níž se neustále dějí experimenty - ale zatímco lze ve standardních laboratořích experimenty připravovat a opakovat, příroda nic neopakuje a nezměřená data již nelze znovu získat. and Zbyněk Sokol.
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of acidicr egulatory molecules found in all eukaryotes. 14-3-3 proteins function as molecular scaffolds by modulating the conformation of their binding partners. Through the functional modulation of a wide range of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in many processes including cell cycle regulation, metabolism control, apoptosis, and control of gene transcription. This minireview includes a short overview of 14-3-3 proteins and then focuses on their role in the regulation of two important binding partners: FOXO forkhead transcription factors and an enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase., V. Obšilová, J. Šilhan, E. Bouřa, J. Teisinger, T. Obšil., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Speleothems in 6 sandstone caves in the Bohemian Paradise (Český ráj) were dated by means of 14C and U-series methods. Stable isotopes of C and O, FAAS, IR, XRD, XRF and SEM were used to characterize the carbonate material and its source. Stable isotopes (C and O) composition of speleothems in two caves corresponds to values characteristic for cave speleothems in Central Europe. In other caves they indicate evaporation and fast carbon dioxide escape during carbonate precipitation. The speleothems from the Krtola Cave were deposited between 8 and 13 kyr BP. Speleothems were deposited 5-8 kyr BP in the Sintrová, Mrtvé Údolí and U Studánky caves. Calcite coatings on smooth sandstone surfaces in studied caves demonstrate that cave walls did not retreat even a few mm in the last 5-8 kyr since speleothem deposition and are thus not evolving under recent climatic conditions. Most of the cave ceilings and walls are at present time indurated by hardened surfaces, which protect the sandstone from erosion. Sandstone caves probably intensively evolved either during or at the end of the Last Glacial period. There are two different erosion mechanisms which might have formed/reshaped the caves at that time: A) In the case of permafrost conditions: Repeated freeze/melt cycles affecting sandstone pore space followed by the transport of fallen sand grains by minor temporary trickles. We expect that heat was transmitted by air circulating between the cave and the surface; B) Seepage erosion of sandstone during the melting of permafrost, prior forming of case hardening., Jiří Bruthans, Jana Schweigstillová, Petr Jenč, Zdeňka Churáčková and Petr Bezdička., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Our own study as well as others have previously reported that hypoxia activates 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in the brain, causing a series of chain reactions, which exacerbates ischemic stroke. 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 15-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE/15-KETE) are 15-LO-specific metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA). 15-HETE was found to be rapidly converted into 15-oxo-ETE by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in some circumstances. We have demonstrated that 15-HETE promotes cerebral vasoconstriction during hypoxia. However, the effect of 15-oxo-ETE upon the contraction of cerebral vasculature remains unclear. To investigate this effect and to clarify the underlying mechanism, we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blot to test the expression of 15-PGDH in rat cerebral tissue, examined internal carotid artery (ICA) tension in isolated rat ICA rings. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (Kv2.1, Kv1.5, and Kv1.1) in cultured cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). The results showed that the levels of 15-PGDH expression were drastically elevated in the cerebral of rats with hypoxia, and 15-oxo-ETE enhanced ICA contraction in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was more significant in the hypoxic rats than in the normoxic rats. We also found that 15-oxo-ETE significantly attenuated the expression of Kv2.1 and Kv1.5, but not Kv1.1. In conclusion, these results suggest that 15-oxo-ETE leads to the contraction of the ICA, especially under hypoxic conditions and that specific Kv channels may play an important role in 15-oxo- ETE-induced ICA constriction., Di Wang, Yu Liu, Ping Lu, Daling Zhu, Yulan Zhu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent uprising in Czechoslovakia that saw the overthrow of the Communist government. On November 17, 1989, police suppressed a peaceful student demonstration in Prague. Among the protesters were many young employees of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Based on the November events, civil forums were created at worksplaces. In consequences of the political evolvement, some of the compromised directors from institutes left their positions and during the following six months all directors had to be evaluated. Scientific committies began to form. On November 6, 1989, the entire presidium of ČSAV resigned and December 12, the Chamber of elected representatives of ČSAV was established. This organ became a carrier of fundamental changes, for example the first Czech science foundation was set up and proposals for evaluation of the institutes formed. The new organization structures of Academy were created. and Antonín Kostlán.
The UN General Assembly has declared 2015 the International Year of Soils to raise awareness of the vital importance of soil, which is essential not only for food security and for cultivating plants for feed, fibre, fuel and medicinal products, but also for maintaining biodiversity as it hosts countless organisms. It plays a key role in storing and filtering water, in carbon and other nutrients cycling and performs other irreplaceable ecosystem functions. The Institute of Soil Biology of the CAS Biology Centre carries out biological research into many of those functions of soil in both natural and human–affected environments, including studies of the soil microstructure, soil organism communities and their dynamics and interactions and so on. Researchers at the Institute of Soil Biology focus, among other things, on the contribution of soil fungi to nitrous oxide emissions and on the production of methane. The latter is a potent greenhouse gas and a substantial part of atmospheric methane is produced by anaerobic microorganisms called Archaea found in the soil and in animal digestive tracts, while soil is also a significant methane sink. Research is also being concentrated on the characterization and risk assessment of antibiotic resistance-reservoirs in soil, which is connected with the massive use of antibiotics in the past five decades. Scientists examine ways of preventing the antibiotic resistance spreading in the environment through food chains as well as and on the role played by the soil microflora in those processes, as Doctor Dana Elhottová explains in the corresponding article. and Jana Olivová.
Podyjí National Park is one of the hotspots of fungal diversity in the Czech Republic (so far we know about 1400 species from this area). The main reasons for this fact (well-preserved natural habitats, habitat and geological diversity) are introduced and briefly discussed in the article. high fungal diversity is documented based on several examples of rare or endangered species, which are typical for some of the local habitats and characterize the range of ecological conditions in the studied area. and Jan Běťák.
Since 2011, a unique project studying the effect of artificial canopy opening (Small-size clearings) on biodiversity in lowland forests has been carried out in the Podyjí NP. The response of communities of butterflies, moths, epigeic, floricolous and saproxylic beetles, birds, reptiles, and vascular plants was observed for three years. The results showed a positive effect of early stages in forest succession not only for the majority of groups studied, but also for many threatened species, and also demonstrated the importance of open forest remnants for biodiversity. In protected forests at low and middle elevations, conservation management should attempt to maintain a mosaic of forest at different stages of succession. and Pavel Šebek a kolektiv autorů.
The moths belong to the best-studied groups of insects in the Podyjí NP. In total, 2250 species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) have hitherto been recorded here. Many species are closely associated with rocky steppe and heeathland, the most valuable natural habitats in this terriotory. Concurrently, the Podyjí NP is located on the western distribution border of many eastern and southern species. On the other hand, a total of 13 species of butterflies and moths have now become extinct here. and Jan Šumpich, Jan Liška, Zdeněk Laštůvka.
The main objective of the management of woodland in the Podyjí National Park (NP) is to allow natural processes and support biodiversity. How the woodland has changed since designation of the NP is illustrated by changes in selected parameters (tree species composition, proportion of dead wood etc.). Some active measures to support woodland biodiversity are also presented in the paper. and Jaroslav Ponikelský a kolektiv spoluautorů.
The Podyjí NP has very diverse vegetation which results in the occurrence of rich butterfly communities. To date, 142 species of butterflies have been recordeed in this area, of which 19 species (13 %) are considered regionally extinct and three species (2 %) are only migrants, not native to the Czech fauna. The main cause of the decline in butterflies is the abandonment of traditional techniques of habitat management. To conserve and support butterfly diversity, the NP authority practices a wide range of management measures. and Milan Švestka.
The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against their Hungarian rulers. At the outbreak of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks showed little enthusiasm for fighting for their respective enemies, the Germans and the Hungarians, against fellow Slavs, the Russians and the Serbs. In 1916, together with Edvard Beneš and MIlan Rastislav Štefánik, Masaryk created the Czechoslovak National Council. In early October 1918, Germany and Austria proposed peace negotiations. On October 28, the National Committee issued a declaration of Czechoslovak independence. and Ivan Šedivý.
Cílem výzkumu bylo ověřit vztahy mezi výkonovou orientací a sebeznevýhodňováním. Výzkumný soubor sestával z 355 studentů Sakarya University v Turecku. 201 z nich byly ženy, 154 muži a průměrný věk byl 20,2 roku. Škála 2X2 výkonové orientace a škála sebeznevýhodňování byly použity jako míry. Vztahy mezi výkonovou orientací a sebeznevýhodňováním byly zkoumány pomocí korelační analýzy a mnohonásobné regresní analýzy. Výsledky ukázaly, že sebeznevýhodňování korelovalo pozitivně s cíli vyhýbat se učení a vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím a negativně s cíli přikročit k učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím. Podle výsledků regresní analýzy bylo sebeznevýhodňování predikováno cíli vyhýbat se učení a vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím. Dále se ukázalo, že cíle přikročit k učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím predikovaly sebeznevýhodňování negativně. Cíle přikročit k učení/vyhýbat se učení a přikročit k výkonovým situacím/vyhýbat se výkonovým situacím vysvětlily 69 % rozptylu sebeznevýhodňování., The aim of this research was to examine the relationships between achievement goal orientations and self-handicapping. The sample of study consists of 355 university students from Sakarya University, Turkey. 201 participants were female and 154 were male, the mean age was 20.2. The 2X2 Achievement Goal Orientations Scale and the Self-handicapping Scale were used as measures. The relationships between achievement goal orientations and self-handicapping were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that self-handicapping correlated positively with learning-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals and negatively with learning-approach and performance-approach goals. According to regression results, self-handicapping was predicted positively by learning-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals. Further learning- approach and performance-approach goals predicted self-handicapping in a negative way. Learning-approach/avoidance and performanceapproach/ avoidance goals have explained 69% of the variance in self-handicapping. The results should not be generalized either to all university students or to other student population. Secondly, as correlational statistics were utilized, no definitive statements can be made about causality. And last, the data are self-reported., Ümran Akin., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Quaternary faulting in the western part of the Gulf of Corinth has been evidenced by geology and geomorphology, as well as by seismic recording. A series of three main normal fault segments are aligned in a steep southern coastal zone of the gulf. These fault segments, 15 to 25 km long, have an average strike of 90° - 105° and a northward dip of about 50° - 75°. Selected fault points were equipped with 3-D crack gauges TM71 during 2002 to monitor movements along the fault planes here, as well as on another fault cutting through the small island of Trizonia near the opposite northern shore of the gulf. Results of the monitoring present relative displacements induced by active tectonic movement s. Generally, the movements recorded on the faults are characteristic of an aseismic linear creep in vertical, i.e. upliftin g/subsiding in rates of mm per year due to uplifts of the Peloponnesian Peninsula. In 2003 a thr ee months long period of fast acceleration of movements was recorded. During this acceleration phase displacements changed to skew uplifting/subsiding with a left-lateral horizontal component. Moreover, horizontal rotation of monitored blocks corresponding to a sy stematic westwards opening of the Gulf was observed with only single eastward opening episodes., Josef Stemberk and Blahoslav Košťák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
During routine processing of selected events of an active KTB experiment it has appeared doubts concerning data reliability and consequently the reliability of results based on them. In the paper 3 events are studied in detail, full seismic moment tensors, as well as their errors, are determined (by non-linear inversion of P/SH waves ratios). It is shown that for the processed low constrained data moment tensor (MT) can be determined, however the relative error is of order of first tens of percent; the results also considerably depend on the way of data picking, used medium model, way of Cost function construction, etc. Any subsequent geophysical interpretation therefore should takes into account this uncertainty. MTs are finally decomposed into DC and non-DC parts, MTs errors are also transformed., Petr Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present paper concerns long-term 3D monitoring of active fault structures in the Krupnik-Kresna seismic zone, SW Bulgaria with the use of extensometers TM71. The purpose is to establish the real rates of fault movements in the most seismically active area in Bulgaria. Three points were installed (B6 on Krupnik Fault, and K5 and K12 on Struma Fault), which indicate a recent activity. The fault movements are characteristic with “calm” periods, linear slips, accelerations and sudden displacements. Different regimes of dynamics have been established corresponding to different periods. The greatest dynamics is found at monitoring point B6 along Krupnik Fault: for the whole period of observation the trends are calculated as left lateral slip with 1.88 mm/a and a thrusting with 1.59 mm/a with high correlation coefficients. Co-seismic displacements from local and distant earthquakes were recorded. The significant impact was from M=7.4, 17 August, 1999, Izmit Earthquake, Turkey, showing a shortening of 8.34 mm, a right-lateral slip of 5.09 mm and a thrusting of 0.96 mm. After that, for a short period of time the regime of movement on fault was changed. Movements on the Struma system reveal lower rates. Both points show left-lateral movements, 0.28 mm/a at K5 and 0.09 mm/a at K12, and thrusting with 0.11 mm/a at K5 and 0.72 mm/a at K12., Nikolai Dobrev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present paper shows the results of 3D monitoring with the use of extensomet ers TM71 performed in Bulgaria in the framework of COST Action 625. This research was performed in selected areas: Simitli graben that is the most seismoactive area in Bulgaria; Madara plat eau - rock scarp with historical monument affe cted by rock toppling; East Rhodopes area - a possibly active fault zone and a large landslide. The most impressive results were established at Simitli graben area with the rate of 2.73 mm/year sinistral movement of Krupnik Fault. Local earthquakes located at NE part of the graben usually influence the movements along this fault. An acceleration of the left latera l movements during calm periods has been established, and respectively, the movements stop (or going in opposite direction) during seismic activity. At Madara site, the results from the 15 years monitoring show subsidence of rock s lices by 0.9 mm per year and si milar rate movement of the slices to South direction. Influence from Izmit earthquake, Vrancea earthquakes and local ones have been established. The monitoring of the fault at General Geshe vo Village, East Rhodopean area started in 2003. The first results show mainly gravitational movements - subsidence of NE block 1.5 mm/year., Nikolai Dobrev and Elka Avramova-Tacheva., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The paper presents the results of geodyn amic research in the fram e of the project COST 625 relating to active tectonic structures’ monitoring on the selected areas in Poland, Italy and Greece. Research was realised using a self-developed control and measurement system. The resu lts of researches for period 2000-2006 indi cate slight movements of observatio n points in the Sudety Mts. reaching several millimetres. However, the results confirm recent mobility of tectonic structures o f this area. Research realised in the Mediterranean Region objects - Gargano, Norcia (Italy) and Kaparelli (Greece) - indicate movements of observation points reaching over a dozen millimetres, particularly on the Gargano area. Continuation of cyclic control measurements on these objects is fully justified ., Stefan Cacoń, Bernard Kontny and Jarosław Bosy., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Příspěvek Petry Kolátorové je věnován mezinárodní muzikologické konferenci, která se uskutečnila v německém Bonnu ve dnech 27. až 29. srpna 2012., Petra Kolátorová., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
The Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics is focused on research connected with both natural rocks and rock environment on the Earth´s crust, as well as with artificially produced geomaterials, celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. and Zuzana Weishauptová.
Zpráva Lenky Hlávkové se zabývá padesátým ročníkem mezinárodního muzikologického kolokvia, které se uskutečnilo na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy university v Brně ve dnech 12. až 14. října 2015., Lenka Hlávková., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
The largest international research centre for particle physics, the construction of which the Czech scientific community played a very important role, is celebrating the 60th year since its foundation in September 1954. It operates the 17-mile long Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the largest accelerator in the world. Its official name is the “European Organization for Nuclear Research”, but it is known internationally known by the acronym CERN (from the French, Conseil Européen pour la recherche nucléaire). A noteworthy interactive exhibition took place at ASCR headquarters from September 2 to October 12, 2014 was open to the public without charge. In an “interactive tunnel,” ASCR President Prof. Jiří Drahoš opened the exhibition with a ceremonial “kick-off of the protons.” CERN is the prototype of programmes for European cooperation through which a number of European projects have been built,” Professor Drahoš said. He cited the Czech scientific community for its involvement in experimental and scientific work there. Membership in CERN is important for the Czech Republic not only in terms of participation in top experiments, but significantly in providing young scientists and engineers an invaluable opportunity to expand their knowledge and skills for application in their nations. This issue of Academic bulletin features an interview with dr. Daniel Krasnický from CERN and Universitá di Genova and interview with dr. Jan Blaha from Stanford University who cooperates with CERN. and Jiří Chýla.