Cieľ: Cieľom práce bolo validizovať defi nujúce charakteristiky ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Defi cit vedomostí vybraným súborom slovenských sestier – expertov, teda zistiť, ktoré defi nujúce charakteristiky sú sestrami považované za hlavné a ktoré za vedľajšie. Metódy: Na hodnotenie defi nujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Defi cit vedomostí bol zvolený Fehringov model validity diagnostického obsahu. Výsledky: Za hlavné defi nujúce charakteristiky boli označené: „slovné vyjadrenie problému“ a „chybné, nepresné dodržiavanie inštrukcií“. Za vedľajšie defi nujúce charakteristiky boli označené: „chybné, nepresné výsledky testu“ a „neprimerané správanie“. Charakteristika „prehnané správanie“ dosiahla vážené skóre menej ako 0,5. Záver: Nie všetky defi nujúce charakteristiky ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Defi cit vedomostí uvedené v klasifi kačnom systéme NANDA-International sú pre vybraný súbor sestier rovnako významné pre jej stanovenie., Aim: The aim of the study was to validate the nursing diagnosis Deficient Knowledge by a chosen sample of Slovak nurses – experts, i. e. to find out which defining characteristics are considered major and minor. Methods: The Fehring’s Diagnostic Content Validity Model was used to evaluate the defi ning characteristics of nursing diagnosis Deficient Knowledge. Results: Th e following defi ning characteristics were marked as major: “verbalization of the problem”, “inaccurate compliance with instructions”. The following characteristics were marked as minor: “poor and inaccurate performance in a test” and “inappropriate behaviour”. The defining characteristic “exaggerated behaviour” had the weighted ratio less than 0.5. Conclusion: Not all defining characteristics of nursing diagnosis Deficient Knowledge found in NANDA-International classification system are equally significant for chosen sample of Slovak nurses to determine this nursing diagnosis., Renáta Zeleníková, Katarína Žiaková, and Literatura 16
Cieľ: Cieľom práce bolo zistiť, aký vplyv má bolesť na vybrané dimenzie ţivota pacientov v domácom prostredí, medzi ktoré patrí nálada, vzťah k iným ľuďom, radosť zo ţivota, spánok. Metodika: Súbor tvorilo 144 respondentov (91 ţien a 53 muţov) v podmienkach domáceho prostredia vo veku od 29 do 97 rokov v siedmich samosprávnych krajoch Slovenska. Zber údajov prebiehal v období november 2008 aţ január 2009. V rámci realizácie zberu údajov bol pouţitý štandardizovaný dotazník BPI (Brief Pain Inventory). Výsledky boli vyhodnotené jednorozmernou deskriptívnou štatistikou. Výsledky: Prítomnosť bolesti v skúmanej vzorke negatívne ovplyvňuje náladu, spánok a radosť zo ţivota viac u muţov ako u ţien. U ţien viac ovplyvňuje bolesť vzťah k iným ľuďom ako u muţov. Štatistickým spracovaním nebola zistená signifikantná súvislosť medzi premennými: nálada – pohlavie (p = 0,387), vzťah k iným ľuďom – pohlavie (p = 0,876), spánok – pohlavie (p = 0,065), radosť zo ţivota – pohlavie (p = 0,238). Záver: Bolesť výrazne ovplyvňuje vybrané dimenzie ţivota pacientov v domácom prostredí, čo vedie k širokej škále negatívnych emocionálnych reakcií a prejavov, ktoré môţu zintenzívňovať bolesť. Pravidelné hodnotenie vplyvu bolesti na jednotlivé dimenzie ţivota pacientov prispieva veľkou mierou taktieţ ku kvalitnej komunikácií medzi sestrou pracujúcou v domácom prostredí a pacientom zaloţenou na vzájomnej dôvere., Aim: The aim of our work was to determine the impact on pain in selected domains of life of patients in home care in terms of their mood, relationship to other people, joy of life and sleep. Methods: 144 respondents (91 women and 53 men aged from 29 to 97) in home care were randomly selected to make up the sample in 7 Slovak municipalities. The data collection was gathered from November 2008 to January 2009 using brief Pain Inventory. The results were evaluated by one-dimensional descriptive statistics. Results: The presence of pain among the respondents negatively influences the spirits, sleep and joy of life; more among men than women. Pain affects relationship to other people more among women than men. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between variables: spirits - sex (p = 0.387), relationship to other people – sex (p = 0.876), sleep – sex (p = 0.065), the joy of life - sex (p = 0.238). Conclusion: Pain has a significant impact in selected domains of patient`s life in home care leading to a wide range of negative emotions and behavior that could intensify the pain. Regular assessment of the pain impact in selected dimensions of patient`s live influences the quality of communication between nurse working in home care and a patient that is based on mutual trust., Mária Kožuchová, and Literatura 24
The risk of high-grade lesions and carcinoma is known to correlate with specific high-risk HPV genotypes. The distribution of HPV types varies between countries and little is known about HPV distribution in our country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the range and frequency of HPV genotypes in studied group of women in Montenegro. HPV genotypes were determined using the method of enzyme restriction of PCR products amplified with group-specific primers MY09/MY11 and restricted with seven different restriction endonucleases. Out of the total number of women HPV infection was found in 1/5 of participants (20%). Genotyping performed in HPV DNA positive women shows that the HPV genotype 16 is dominant and present in more than 1/3 of the participants (36.8%). The second most frequent HPV infection is with HPV genotype 58 and it is found in 10.5% of participants. HPV 31 and HPV 6 infections are present in 7.9% of women, while infections with other genotypes were demonstrated individually by 2.6%. Multiple HPV infection was demonstrated in 18.4% and they are dominant in younger women (aged 25 to 30 years)., Danijela Vujošević, Vineta Vuksanović, Mario Poljak, Nebojša Jokmanović, and Literatura 21
Autor popisuje patobiochemické a patofyziologické nálezy dyslipidémií z metabolické poradny u zdravých žen i u pacientek s familiární hypercholesterolemií (FH). Diskutován je význam fyziologického zvýšení hladiny celkového cholesterolu (CCh) ve II. trimestru (průměrně o 30 %) známé jako těhotenská hypercholesterolemie (TH). Práce upozorňuje, že u FH je toto zvýšení již diagnosticky významné, u nejtěžších homozygotních forem FH pak vyžaduje kauzální léčbu. Autor hodnotí četné epidemiologické studie dokládající narození dosud převážně bezpříznakových dětí z výše uvedených rizikových těhotenství, poukazuje na zvířecí experimentální studie o transportu cholesterolu placentou a tvorbu cholesterolu samotným plodem. V závěru se práce věnuje aktuálně diskutované problematice medikamentózní léčby TH. Léčba se nedoporučuje pro nežádoucí účinky na pacientky samotné a pro možný teratogenní efekt podávaných léků na vývoj embryonálních tkání plodu. Zatím jsou doloženy převážně experimentálními nálezy na zvířeti nebo na embryonálních buňkách a ve tkáňových kulturách placentárního trofoblastu., After huge pathobiochemical and pathophysiological explanations of dyslipidemias in pregnancy, the autor presents an increase of total cholesterol about 30% in healthy women within 2nd trimester as physiological pregnancy hypercholesterolemia. The same increase in patients suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia draws more metabolic attention and needs some diagnostic and therapeutic support. Experimental studies on cholesterol synthesis in animal fetuses as totally independent on maternal cholesterol pool have been proved. The epidemiological studies in children born to mothers suffering from hypercholesterolemias proved none typical or serious defects till now. At the end he comments the medical treatment of pregnancy hypercholesterolemia that has never been accepted. Till now only laboratory experiments in animals and in human placental trophoblast cells proved the detrimental effected of high doses of statins on early embryonic development of different organs., Hyánek J., and Literatura
INTRODUCTION: Leptin is an adipokine which has a direct relationship to obesity. Our aim was to measure this hormone in pregnant women at three months intervals throughout their pregnancies to determine the serum value of those who developed preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We followed 19 women (median age 24.8 +/- 5.7 years) with pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2, 21 (median age 26.1 +/- 4.6 years) with BMI higher than 25 kg/m2 and 16 (median age 30.9 +/- 5.8 years) with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (median age 30.9 +/- 5.8 years), recruited in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Serum levels of leptin were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. RESULTS: In the first trimester of pregnancy leptin levels showed statistically significant differences between normal weight and overweight-obese women (p < 0.001), diabetic women (p < 0.05) and the subgroup of preeclamptic women (p < 0.001). For those women with PGBMI > or = 40 kg/m2 and leptin > or = 40 ng/ml in the second trimester, the Odds Ratio (OR) to develop preeclampsia was of 47.95% CI (4.1-527.2). Analyzing leptin values with ROC curves, the greatest area under the curve (AUC) was for leptin in the second trimester (0.773, CI: 0.634-0.911). CONCLUSION: Women with morbid obesity (BMI > or = 40 kg/m2) had significantly higher levels of serum leptin (p < 0.01) and a value of 40 ng/ml of this hormone seems to be predictive of developing preeclampsia in this group of patients. and H. Mendieta Zerón, VJ. García Solorio, PM. Nava Díaz, A. Garduño Alanís, JG. Santillán Benítez, V. Domínguez García, C. Escobar Briones, E. Denova Gutiérrez
The aim of the study was to establish the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), its influence on biochemical and densitometric parameters and the relation to diabetic nephropathy. 58 children with T1D at the age 9–19 years were enrolled to the study. Vitamin D concentration less than 30 ng/ml was considered as insufficient. 37 children (63.79%) had vitamin D level under 30 ng/ml, from these 19 subjects (32.7%) had vitamin D level under 20 ng/ml and 2 subjects (3.44%) under 10 ng/ml. Children with vitamin D deficiency had significantly lower magnesium concentration and lower Z score of lumbar spine (−1.34 ± 1.24 vs. −0.30 ± 1.21, p = 0.01) compared to diabetics with sufficient vitamin D concentration. No significant difference was found in parameters calcium, phosphorus or glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 18) showed no significant difference in vitamin D, glycosylated hemoglobin or Z score of lumbar spine compared to the patients without nephropathy (n = 40). Subjects with nephropathy had significantly longer diabetes duration, significantly higher cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentration. In our cohort of patients nearly two thirds of children had insufficient vitamin D concentration what supports the need to monitor and eventually supplement vitamin D in T1D subjects., Jarmila Vojtková, Miriam Čiljaková, Lenka Vojarová, Katarína Janíková, Zuzana Michnová, Veronika Šagiová, and Literatura 35
Angiofibromas are rare vascular tumors which originate predominantly in the nasopharynx and occur typically in male adolescents. Extranasopharyngeal sites such as nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are less frequent. This review article was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, clinical features and management of extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas originating exclusivelly from nasal cavity structures. Our focus of interest was to evaluate the significance of immunohistochemical analysis in diagnosis of such extremely rare neoplasms. In the PubMed and Google Search, we found only 39 cases of nasal angifibroma, 27 males and 12 females from 1980 to 2012. The most prevalent site of origin was nasal septum, followed by inferior and middle turbinate. The commonest symptoms were nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Nasal angiofibromas are clinically distinct from nasopharyneal angiofibromas and can therefore be misdiagnosed. The differential diagnosis includes other vascular lesions, such as lobular capillary hemangioma and sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma. Although immunohistochemistry is not necessary for differentiation between angiofibroma and capillary hemangioma, that diagnostic procedure may be helpful in distinction from sinonasal hemangiopericytoma. As an ilustration for immunohistochemical analysis, we presented a case of an elderly woman with tumor arising from the middle turbinate, diagnosed as angiofibroma. The staining was positive for CD34, CD31, factor VIII, vimentin and smooth muscle alpha-actin, and negative for desmin. and A. Perić, J. Sotirović, S. Cerović, L. Zivić
There are various complications of prosthetic valvular surgeries. Among them, leaflet perforation should be emphasized and brought to mind when there have been eccentric valvular regurgitation. In this report, we presented 2 cases of iatrogenic aortic and mitral valve leaflet perforation after prosthetic valve surgeries. and M. Dogan, S. Acikel, U. Arslantas, T. Cimen, E. Yeter
This research paper presents the results of ovarian reserve estimation for 125 women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) who have undergone various methods of surgical treatment resection of the ovaries, thermokauterisation and drilling by laser (HoYag). Ovarian reserve was estimated according to the amount of antral follicles, level of follitropin and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also named antiMüllerian hormone (AMH). Blood flow in ovarian tissue was also examined after various methods of surgical treatment. The study has shown that the gentlest method of surgical treatment is drilling by HoYag laser, which is least likely to injure the tissue of ovaries, and also this method is most effective in enhancing and preserving ovarian reserve., Vasiliy Simrok, Daria Simrok-Starcheva, and Literatura
We assessed the intensive care unit (ICU) patients for Invasive aspergillosis (IA) with culture and non-culture based diagnostic methods from Iran. Thirty-six ICU patients with underlying predisposing conditions for IA were enrolled in the study. Sixty eight Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected by bronchoscope twice a weekly. BAL samples were analyzed by microscopic examination, fungal culture and galactomannan (GM) detection. The Platelia Aspergillus GM EIA was used to quantify GM indices. Samples with a BAL GM index > or = 1 were considered as positive for GM. Patients were classified as having probable or possible IA. Out of 36 suspected patients to IA, 36.1% of cases showed IA which were categorized as: 4 cases of possible IA and 9 of probable IA. 76.2% of BAL samples were positive for GM. From 13 patients with IA, 11 (84.6%) had at least one positive BAL GM index. Of these patients, 9 (81.8%) showed probable IA. The main underlying predisposing conditions were neutropenia (53.8%) and COPD (30.8%). Our study has indicated that COPD must be considered as one of the main predisposing condition for occurrence of aspergillosis in ICU patients. Our data have also revealed that GM detection in BAL samples play a significant role to IA diagnosis. and MT. Hedayati, S. Khodavaisy, M. Alialy, SM. Omran, MR. Habibi