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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Subject 18

52. K nedožitému životnímu jubileu Čeňka Adamce, zakladatele české demoskopie

Creator:
Bečvář, Josef
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, Adamec, Čeněk, 1916-1997, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Josef Bečvář vzpomíná na významnou postavu zakladatele české demoskopie Čeňka Adamce. and Josef Bečvář.
Rights:
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53. K otázce historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky

Creator:
Jiří Šubrt and Jiří Vinopal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, historical consciousness, collective memory, czech history, czech public opinion, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Stať deskriptivní formou přináší poznatky z prvního dotazníkového průzkumu, který je součástí širšího projektu sociologického výzkumu historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky. Po úvodním zasazení do kontextu koncepcí historického vědomí a kolektivní paměti jsou nejprve popsány výsledky průzkumu na téma zájmu o dějiny a jejich jednotlivé oblasti; zdrojů, z nichž lidé získávají historické informace a sebehodnocení z hlediska znalosti historie. Další části článku jsou věnovány problematice českých národních dějin, především tomu, jakým způsobem veřejnost hodnotí jednotlivá historická období, a jsou zde také předloženy informace týkající se hrdosti občanů na národní historii. Závěrečná část se věnuje obecným aspektům historického vědomí tzn. názorům lidí na průběh dějin a důležitost sil, které ho ovlivňují, a také na význam, který má historie pro současný život společnosti., This article describes the results of an initial survey which is a part of broader project of sociological research into the historical consciousness of inhabitants of the Czech Republic. Firstly, the topic is put into the context of conceptions of historical consciousness and collective memory. This is followed by an outline of the public’s interests in history and its different fields, their sources of information and self-evaluation of historical knowledge. Next the article deals with the issue of Czech national history, especially how the public evaluates different historical periods and the level of pride Czech peo - ple feel about their national history. The final section addresses the problem of the historical consciousness of citizens on a more general level; it summarizes opinions on the course of the historical process, the importance of different influences on it, and also on the role which history plays in contemporary society., and Jiří Šubrt, Jiří Vinopal.
Rights:
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54. K počátkům veřejného mínění: Historicko-sociologická studie

Creator:
Soukalová, Kateřina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, stati, writings, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, opinion, rumor, Middle Ages‘ law, Roman public, fama, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on the development of terms which were used in antiquity and Middle Age Europe to denote public opinion ( fama, existimatio, opinio in Ancient Rome, fama publica, communis opinio in the Middle Ages etc.). Particular attention is paid to the distinction made in Roman public life between a fama, which represented common opinion, and a rumor, which meant undervalued and unreliable opinion of the plebs. The medieval term rumor fama, more often fama publica, referred to a local information network or mechanism of collective evaluation of individuals’ esteem. It was also an impor- tant part of court proceedings. Both historic eras were concerned with rumor in today’s sense of the word, which often comprised or underlaid common opinion., Kateřina Soukalová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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55. K prvkům politické socializace, k jejich generační kontinuitě a diskontinuitě

Creator:
Ján Mišovič
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociální interakce. Sociální komunikace, politická socializace, political socialization, political self-identification, generational continuity, discontinuity, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The process of political socialization, as shown by numerous findings, is characterised as the transmission of political action and behaviour through the generations. In connection with the political changes the Czech Republic experienced since 1945, not only the prospect of generational continuity but also discontinuity come into consideration. The article deals with the influence of parents and other socialization factors on political self-identification in the Czech population. It focuses mainly on the major age groups: young people up to the age of 29, the younger middle generation of 30-44 years, the older middle generation of 45-59 years and individuals aged 60 years or older, and their parents. The starting point of the considerations is the theory of social change and the interconnection of political socialization on the micro and macro levels. The paper analyses the circumstances of socialization and its effects on political orientation in a representative sample of Czech population (N = 522). The basis for determining the impact of socialization was set as the intensity of interest in political events together with the main resources affecting political orientation such as self-education and reading, followed by parental influence. The ratio of father’s and mother’s communist orientation plus their interest in politics accounted for the other socialization factors. Political background of the respondents was compared with their self-identification on the left-right political scale. Correlation analysis helped highlight the significance of father’s influence, rather than mother’s, in the process of political socialization. It also showed an overall negative impact of parental political discussion on the formation of left-right orientation. ANOVA analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between socio-occupational status and political inclusion. This inclusion effect was more frequent among left-wing labourers and pensioners and right-wing entrepreneurs, tradesmen, students and apprentices. Not only social background but also age signalled significant differences in opinions. The youngest generation as a whole relates to the right wing of the political spectrum. At the same time, the generation of 60+ is inclined to the left of the centre. As a matter of fact, this group, more than other age groups, is interested in political events and is deeply involved in political discussions. The young generation manifests itself in both directions. Parents’ political socialization actions towards their children induced agreement with parental political orientation only to a lesser extent. The study also dealt with two influences, sometimes mutually supportive and other times competing, namely parental socialization influence, political and economic conditions. Attitudes to social and political situation differed between age groups. The influence of society- -level circumstances is more significant than that of parental political socialization. It was possible to observe political continuity between the generations of 60+, or even their parents, and the older middle generation aged 45-59. When there is mostly continuity between them and their children then discontinuity tends to arise between them and their parents. The distribution of political orientation reveals a dynamic field. Attitudes to changes in society vary between generations as well. During the shaping of political orientation, the influence of social and political conditions is more decisive than political action, no matter how good its intentions are. This confirms the concept of political socialization as a way in which individual socialization interacts with one’ssocial position due to various social factors., Ján Mišovíč., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Rights:
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56. Kampaň před prvním kolem české prezidentské volby v roce 2013 z perspektivy Alexanderovy performativní teorie

Creator:
Horák, Vít
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, Alexander, Jeffrey C. (Jeffrey Charles), 1947-, sociologie, Czech presidental campaign 2013, performative theory, collective representation, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The presented paper tries to interpret the campaign before the Czech presidential election in 2013 from the perspective of Je rey Alexander’s performative theory. It argues that the process of preference formation cannot be completely explained on the basis of rational interests of the voters, media or socioeconomic strata. On the contrary, the paper based in durkheimian paradigm argues for the importance of collective emotions. The campaign is understood here as a sequence of performative acts in which the candidates, understood as collective representations, try to associate themselves with emotions of the voters. The performance in Alexander’s perspective takes place in the civil sphere formed by the cultural code with binary structure of the democratic and antidemocratic side. In this perspective the case of Czech presidential campaign will be shown with the focus on the unexpected advancement of Karel Schwarzenberg to the second round of the election., Vít Horák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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57. Karel Schwarzenberg a Miloš Zeman: Pozitivní a negativní kampan k prezidentským volbám

Creator:
Červinková, Monika and Kulhavá, Lucie
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, Zeman, Miloš, 1944-, Schwarzenberg, Karel, 1937-, sociologie, positive campaign, negative campaign, political advertisement, presidential elections, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article discusses the o cial presentations of the two most successful candidates of the rst round of the presidential elections in the Czech Republic 2013, Karel Schwarzenberg and Miloš Zeman, from the perspective of the concepts of positive and negative political advertisement and the re ection of the election campaigns by Czech citizens. By the means of the framework and content analyses the topics and the most frequent words of the o cial (created by campaigns teams) materials are identi ed. The results are interpreted with regard to the attributes of positive and negative campaign. Using the statistical analysis of the data from public opinion survey by CVVM the Czech public’s re ection of the election campaigns is described. The results of the study indicate that we can denote Zeman’s campaign after the rst round of the elections as a negative one. Zeman’s campaign has also proved to be more speci c and memorable - by both, subjective evaluation of the respondents and the associations, connected with the candidates after the elections., Monika Cervinková, Lucie Kulhavá., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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58. Kdo byl Pavel Machonin

Creator:
Šípová, Jana
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, medailony, biographical portraits, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, Machonin, Pavel, 1927-2008, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pavel Machonin byl bezesporu jednou z největších osobností píšících současné sociologické dějiny a jeho odchod znamená obrovskou ztrátu nejen pro vědeckou, ale také pro laickou veřejnost. Jeho životním krédem bylo, že „posláním sociologa je poznávat skutečné sociální vztahy mezi lidmi, nikoliv podléhat módním ideologiím.“ Ve své celoživotní práci se proto snažil co nejrealističtěji vypovídat o sociální skutečnosti a zabývat se reálnými otázkami a výsledky, ke kterým dospěl, psát co možná nejsrozumitelnějším jazykem. and Jana Šípová.
Rights:
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59. Klasická psychoanalýza a politika

Creator:
Marek Loužek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, psychoanalysis, politics, Frankfurt School, Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Psychoanalytický výklad politiky není zdaleka výjimečný. Poměrně populární jsou sychoanalytické výklady života a činnosti velkých politických vůdců – viz Valenty, Feldman [2001] či Post [2003]. V praktické politické činnosti pak někteří psychoanalytici vidí sublimaci sexuálních pudů (freudisté), kompenzaci komplexu méněcennosti (adlerovci), projev určitých kolektivních mýtů (jungovci) apod. Cílem příspěvku je prozkoumat možnost aplikace psychoanalýzy pro výklad politických fenoménů blíže., Classical Psychoanalysis and Politics. The article is concerned with psychoanalysis and its application to politics. First part focuses on social thinking of Sigmund Freud. Second part examines political insights of Carl Gustav Jung. Third part examines the social theory of Erich Fromm. Forth part calls attention to political opinions of Herbert Marcuse. The article highlights a traditional Freudian approach to society and politics., and Marek Loužek.
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60. Kolektivní identity v mediálních reprezentacích Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů 2011

Creator:
Zalabáková, Jitka
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, census, collective identities, nationalism, media analysis, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper deals with the representation of national and ethnic identity categories in media texts during the Population and Housing Census 2011. Census is understood here as means of constructing collective identities not as clearly pre-defined categories but as socially and media shaped parts of an individual identity. The aim of this study is thus to analyze media representations of Population and Housing Census 2011 as an event that highlights the negotiation of collective identities and the processes of the so called “identitary mobilization”. Quantitative analysis of selected articles from national newspapers enriched by findings of qualitative analysis of comments and videos from the new media shows, among others, that the Census is often represented through a kind of media discourse called national in this paper and that the processes of identitary mobilization acquire specific forms during the Census, although probably not limited to its actual period., Jitka Zalabáková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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