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31372. The enzymes of glycogen and trehalose catabolism from Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Anisakidae)
- Creator:
- Żółtowska, Krystyna, Łopieńska, Elżbieta, Rokicki, Jerzy, and Dmitryjuk, Małgorzata
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Hysterothylacium aduncum, enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism, glycogen, and trehalose
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The activity of α-amylase, glucoamylase, maltase, trehalase, glycogen phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase was measured in extracts from larval and adult Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), parasitic nematode of marine fish. The content of glycogen and trehalose in the worm's body was also determined. Both the hydrolytic and phosphorolytic paths of sugar decomposition are present in H. aduncum. In the larvae glycogen was utilised mainly via the hydrolytic path. In the adults the activities of phosphorolytic enzymes were higher than in the larvae. In both stages the activity of trehalose phosphorylase is present. In adult nematodes it is uncommonly high. The dominating sugars in the adults were glucose and glycogen, while in the larvae it was trehalose.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31373. The epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: application of experimental sub-typing and antibody detection systems to the investigation of water-borne outbreaks
- Creator:
- McLauchlin, James, Casemore, David P., Moran, Sheila, and Patel, Sushma
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidiosis, subtyping, and seroprevalence
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A technique based on the analysis of banding patterns obtained by SDS-PAGE Western-blotting of an oocyst wall antigen obtained from faeces has been evaluated to subtype Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912. This technique appears to have sufficient stability to recognise multiple types of this parasite. A similar Western-blotting technique has also been used to assess antibody responses to cryptosporidial antigens in human sera. Two systems were developed: one against three antigens of apparent molecular weights 6, 14 and 17 kDa; the second against oocyst wall antigens of apparent molecular weights 57, 69, 75, 89, 128, 151 and 173 kDa. Antibodies to three antigens of apparent molecular weights 6, 14 and 17 kDa were most successful as diagnostic markers in that they were found in >88% of convalescent phase sera from confirmed cryptosporidiosis patients and were uncommon (>7%) in control subjects. Faecal samples from human and animal sporadic cases yielded a wide range of cryptosporidial antigen banding patterns. Samples from patients in a water-borne outbreak in South Devon (England) in 1995 also yielded a wide range of banding patterns including members within individual household family groups. These results are in contrast with those from samples collected from other defined geographical areas, including some from a second water-borne outbreak where much more homogeneous banding patterns were obtained. Sera collected for other purposes from apparently uninfected individuals 9 months after the South Devon 1995 outbreak were examined. Antibodies to the three antigens of molecular weights 6, 14 and 17 kDa were detected in 32-49% of individuals resident in the outbreak water supply area, and in 15-21%) of those resident in an adjacent water supply area. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to data obtained from epidemiological field studies.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31374. The epistemic value of music
- Creator:
- Bakalova, Marina
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- cross-modal congruence, knowledge as success from ability, musical expressiveness, and phenomenal concepts
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Assuming that music can be expressive, I try to answer the question whether musical expressiveness has epistemic value. The article has six parts. In the first part, I provide examples of what music can express. I suggest that it can express inner states with phenomenal character. In the second part, I build up an argument in favor of the claim that, granted its expressiveness, music can convey conceptual content which is not verbal, and which cannot be expressed verbally. This conclusion is limited to concepts like lyrical, nostalgic, melancholy, joyful, distressful etc. In the third part, I explain what musical expressive content is, in contrast and by analogy to, propositional content. In the fourth part, I apply Mitchell Green’s multi- space model of artistic expression to music. I argue that Green’s theory of expression provides a powerful explanation of how a musical sequence can express states with phenomenal character. In the fifth part, I use that model to define adequacy conditions for musical expressive ascriptions. In the last part, I attempt to explain musical knowledge by combining Green’s multi-space model with Sosa-style virtue epistemology.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31375. The evaluation of chars reactivity using thermogravimetry and multivariate statistical method
- Creator:
- Minkina, Mariusz, Zajusz-Zubek, Elwira, and Mianowski, Andrzej
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, uhlí, termická analýza, coal, thermal analysis, chars, canonical correlation analysis, reactivity, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The reactivity of a char depends very on the parent coal. Much information about correlation between properties of coal and reactivity of chars is lost by using only standard methods for a large dataset evaluation. In this research a set of 8 coals has been investigated by thermal analysis and reactivity of obtained chars was analyzed as a function of properties of parent coal properties using Canonical correlation analysis. The reactivity of chars was determined by thermogravimetric analysis of nonisothermal combustion in oxygen. It can be stated that methods of multivariate data analysis are useful tools for the interpretation of coal chars reactivity data., Mariusz Minkina, Elwira Zajusz-Zubek and Andrzej Mianowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31376. The evaluation of photosynthetic parameters in maize inbred lines subjected to water deficiency: Can these parameters be used for the prediction of performance of hybrid progeny?
- Creator:
- Holá, D., Benešová, M., Honnerová, J., Hnilička, F., Rothová, O., Kočová, M., and Hniličková, H.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, additivity, chlorophyll fluorescence, dominance, drought, genetic analysis, maternal effects, photosynthesis, and stress tolerance
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The response of selected photosynthetic and morphological parameters of plants to drought was examined in 5 inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) and their 10 F1 hybrids. The aim of the study was to establish whether the photosynthetic performance of parental genotypes under drought conditions correlates with the performance of their progeny and whether the net photosynthetic rate, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters or the content of photosynthetic pigments could be used as reliable physiological markers for early breeding generations. The relative importance of the additive and the nonadditive (dominance, maternal) genetic effects in the inheritance of these parameters was also assessed by means of the quantitative genetics analysis. The results showed that the nonadditive genetic effects associated with a particular combination of genotypes or a particular direction of crossing are at least equally and often even more important as the additivity and that these genetic effects almost totally change with the exposure of plants to drought conditions. This was reflected in the inability to predict the response of F1 hybrids to drought on the basis of the photosynthetic performance of their parents, which indicates that the practical usability of such parameters in maize breeding programs is rather limited. and D. Holá ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31377. The evaluation of salt dome vertical movements in Inowrocław detected by classical precise levelling and GPS surveying techniques
- Creator:
- Szczerbowski, Zbigniew
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, nivelace, leveling, GPS surveys, salt dome geodynamic, mining deformations, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The paper discusses a problem of salt structures recent vertical movements that are observed by geodetic surveys on the example of salt dome in Inowroclaw. Presented survey results were carried by several years with use of precise levelling and GPS survey techniques. The new surveys were involved in 2002 that are carried on established network points and benchmarks of former existed country levelling network. Comp arative analysis of obtained displacement results derived by different methods is discussed as well. The effects of the an alysis are conclusions providing the usefulness of GPS techniques in the presented research. Other conclusions derived from carried observation deal with feat ures of determined vertical displacements., Zbigniew Szczerbowski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31378. The evolution of early medieval Moravian axe-shaped currency bars through the perspective of an archaeological experiment
- Creator:
- Hlavica, Michal and Bárta, Patrick
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Early Middle Ages, Great Moravia, axe-shaped bars, currency, archaeological experiment, smithing, and credit theory of money
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The presented text attempts to assess the possibilities and limitations of processing Great Moravian currency bars (by domestic archaeologists traditionally called axe-shaped hryvnias) into the form of an end product – a tool in the form of an axe – using an archaeological experiment. In this manner, it is also testing the possibilities of the axe-shaped bars to remain in circulation as tokens of general-purpose money. The present experiment shows that the processing of these bars is considerably loss-making, which means that in the case of their circulation as tokens, their withdrawal from circulation for the purpose of their practical utilization would be unlikely. The text also attempts to model the genesis of axe-shaped currency, seeing their roots in Moravian social currency, which probably originally had the form of real axes. During the social and political changes of the Great Moravian period, this currency acquired the form of stylised semi-finished products and were probably also integrated in anonymous market transactions at least in part of Great Moravian territory.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31379. The evolutionary ecology of a species ring: a test of alternative models
- Creator:
- Smyth, Jason F., Patten, Michael A., and Pruett, Christin L.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- ecological niche model, ecotone, Melospiza melodia, population genetics, song sparrow, and speciation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The formation of ring species might provide an explanation of how speciation can occur despite ongoing gene flow. However, few species fit all of the criteria of a classic ring species that formed via isolation by distance around a barrier. Population genetic analyses and ecological niche models were used to examine a ring of song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) subspecies that surround the Sierra Nevada in North America. Eight models were compared that included both geography-based and ecology-based scenarios of ring formation. Song sparrows do fit some aspects of a classic ring species that formed via expansion around a barrier; however, admixture rather than complete reproductive isolation occurred when populations met at the terminus of the ring in southern California. Nichemodels show that variation among subspecies is likely to reflect adaptation to local conditions coupled with current limitations to gene flow across ecotones and that birds are likely to have expanded from a refugium in the southwestern United States. Given that simple isolation-based models often fail to explain many ring species patterns, alternative models that incorporate ecological factors might provide a better explanation of how most ring species formed. Isolation and subsequent partitioning of populations by ecotones can be important drivers of geographic variability in ring species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31380. The evolutionary status of Be stars in clusters and in the galactic field
- Creator:
- Fabregat, J. and Gutiérrez-Soto, J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- stars: emission-line, Be-stars: evolution, and stars: rotation
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Modern studies on the Be star population of young open clusters point towards the presence of an evolutionary enhancement of the Be phenomenon in the second half of the B stars main sequence lifetime. However, in the galactic field, Be stars are equally present in luminosity classes V to III, indicating that there is no evolutionary trend. To investigate these diverging results we have studied samples of main sequence B stars in the galactic field and in theh and ¬ Per clusters. From the analysis of the HR diagrams it is shown that there is no segregation between class V and class III stars, both groups being evenly distributed along the whole main sequence. We conclude that luminosity classes of main sequence B stars are not related to the evolutionary status of the stars. We propose a scenario of evolutionary enhancement of the rotational velocity to explain both the lack of relation between the evolutionary status and the luminosity classes and the evolutionary enhancement of the Be phenomenon.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public