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12. Prachtfingerringe im frühmittelalterlichen Mähren (9.–10. Jahrhundert): Bemerkungen zur Chronologie und Provenienz des großmährischen Luxusschmucks
- Creator:
- Ungerman, Šimon
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- jewellery, Early Middle Ages, Great Moravia, Balkan, and Mediterranean
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article deals with 29 Early Medieval finger-rings found, mostly in cemeteries, in Moravia (Czech Republic). They are made of gold, silver, gilded silver or gilded bronze. Each finger-ring consists of two parts – hoop and bezel – made of sheet metal and soldered together, and decorated with granulation, filigree, inlays of glass or semi-precious stones; only two finger-rings are cast as one piece. The finger-rings are classified into 8 types (A to H), some with subtypes. The author outlines the current state of chronology of Early Medieval jewellery in Moravia and discusses the dating of finger-rings: most of the precisely-datable pieces fall into the older period of the Great Moravian Empire, i.e. the first half of the 9th century. The main concern of the study is the question of the origin of Moravian finger-rings. The author sketches the current state of research of Early Medieval finger-rings in Central and South-eastern Europe (ca. 6th–12th century) and searches for parallels in the Moravian types. In Moravian material, he tries to identify structural and decorative elements that could distinguish imported pieces, their imitations and local products. However, in large measure the sorting of Moravian finger-rings into these three groups remains hypothetical. On the whole, it is evident that the finger-rings found in Moravian cemeteries are based on Mediterranean models. Probably the first specimens (or their immediate producers) came to Moravia in the 8th century, from Byzantine cities on the Adriatic coast, and local production of similar finger-rings in Moravian workshops followed soon afterwards.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13. Prostor severovýchodní brány akropole raně středověkého mocenského centra Mikulčice-Valy
- Creator:
- Marian Mazuch
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeologie, archaeology, Early Middle Ages, Great Moravia, Mikulčice, Gate, Fortification, Stratigraphy, Methodics, 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The author presents a revised interpretation of the area of the NE gateway of the acropolis of the Great Moravian power centre Mikulčice-Valy and the adjacent fortification. The work is a response to a previously published picture of the overall find situation of this area (by B. Kavánová 2003), which, according to the author, does not match the infor mation available in the original documentation. The interpretation procedures clearly presented in the aforementioned monograph cannot be substantiated due to inadequate field work methods, the extent of the documentation compiled and the way in which this documentation is selected and designed This work also provides a critique of the interpre tation of the stratigraphic situation and the dating means and methods used. According to this revised interpretation, it is not possible to concur regarding the relevance of the evidence on which B. Kaváinová bases her hypothesis that there was more than one phase to the rampart. Due to this unsubstantiated interpretation, the chronology given for other settlement structures therefore lacks credibility. The text also includes a reconstruction of the passage through the fortification when the aforementioned gate was in use., Marian Mazuch., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
14. Raně středověké centrum na Pohansku u Břeclavi a jeho přírodní prostředí
- Creator:
- Macháček, Jiří, Doláková, Nela, Dresler, Petr, Havlíček, Pavel, Hladilová, Šárka, Přichystal, Antonín, Roszková, Alena, and Smolíková, Libuše
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Pohansko u Břeclavi, raný středověk, Velká Morava, přírodní prostředí, kvartérní geologie, palynologie, petrografie, Pohansko near Břeclav, Early Middle Ages, Great Moravia, natural environment, Quaternary geology, palynology, and petrography
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Studie shrnuje nejnovější výsledky interdisciplinárně pojatého výzkumu Masarykovy univerzity na Pohansku u Břeclavi, které patří k nejvýznamnějším raně středověkým centrům v ústřední oblasti tzv. Velké Moravy (9. st. n. l.). Přináší poznatky o přírodním prostředí zjištěné při výzkumu zdejšího opevnění v letech 2005–2006. Pozornost byla zaměřena na kvartérní uloženiny geologického původu a subfosilní půdy. V rámci palynologického studia byly zpracovány vzorky ze 3 profilů v řezu opevněním a 5 vrtů v jeho okolí. Petrografickými metodami byla zkoumána provenience stavebního kamene. Raně středověké centrum na Pohansku je popsáno jako komplexní kulturní systém, který byl významně formován vstupy z okolního prostředí (např. změny vodního režimu v nivě) a sám působil opačným směrem svými výstupy (např. masivní odlesňování krajiny). and The study summarizes the latest results of the interdisciplinary research conducted by the Masaryk University at Pohansko near Břeclav, one of the most significant Early Medieval centres in the core area of the Great Moravian Empire (9th century AD). It brings data on the natural environment as collected within the 2005–2006 study of the local fortification. A special attention was given to Quaternary deposits of geological origin and buried soils. Within a palynological study, samples from 3 sections in a profile across the fortification and from 5 boreholes in its neighbourhood were analysed. Provenance of the building stone was studied using petrographic methods. The Pohansko Early Medieval centre is described as a complex cultural system significantly shaped by inputs from the ambient environment (such as variations in water regime in the flood plain). At the same time, this system acted in the other direction by its outputs (e.g., large-scale deforestation of landscape).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
15. Severozápadná brána a opevnenie na predhradí hradiska Mikulčice - Valy
- Creator:
- Marek Hladík
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeologie, archaeology, Great Moravia, Mikulčice-Valy, Fortification, Stratigraphy, GIS, 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of this paper is to present and interpret the finding situation around so-called north-western gate in the outer bailey of the Great Moravian centre Mikulčice-Valy. In addition to the gate, this area revealed remains of a fortification wall and of a settlement, which was protected by the fortification wall. The analysed and interpreted finding situation was surveyed in 1966-1968. The first sections of the paper define the objectives of the paper (chronology, structure, decay of the fortification), introduces the method of revision processing (analysis of entities and qualities, spatial analyses in the GIS environment) and describes the finding situation revealed in the monitored area. Then, the paper focuses on the analysis of spatial relationships of documented contexts (stratigraphy). This analysis is a starting point for a discussion with hypotheses about the chronology and construction of the gate and fortification wall published by Z Klanica, Poulík and B. Kavánová in the second half of the 20th century. Finally, the paper presents an interpretation model about dating construction and decay of the fortifications in outer bailey of the Mikulčice agglomeration., Marek Hladík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16. Subsistenční strategie raně středověkých populací v dolním Podyjí: Archeozoologické a archeobotanické vyhodnocení nálezů z výzkumu Kostice – Zadní hrúd (2009–2011)
- Creator:
- Dreslerová, Gabriela, Hajnalová, Mária, and Macháček, Jiří
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeobotanika, archeozoologie, raný středověk, Velká Morava, subsistence, archaeobotany, archaeozoology, Early Middel Ages, and Great Moravia
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Článek seznamuje s vyhodnocením archeobotanických a archeozoologických vzorků z výzkumu v Kosticích – Zadním hrúdu (okr. Břeclav), realizovaného v letech 2009–2011. Přispívá k řešení otázek spojených se subsistenční strategií společnosti v období od 6. do počátku 13. stol. v oblasti dolního Podyjí (Česká republika). Zaznamenaný trend podporuje archeologický obraz osady, která v době Velké Moravy (9. stol.) tvořila subsistenční zázemí blízkého centra na Pohansku u Břeclavi. Po propadu způsobeném kolapsem velkomoravské společnosti (10. stol.) zde došlo k revitalizaci a následnému boomu celého sídlištního komplexu. V mladohradištním období (11. až 12. stol.), kdy zde vzniká centrální lokalita druhého řádu (trhová ves), produkuje sídliště poměrné široké spektrum plodin i kvalitní maso pro sebe, a možná i pro nedaleké správní centrum v přemyslovské Břeclavi. and The article presents the evaluation of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological samples from the excavation in Kostice – Zadní hrúd (Břeclav distr.) conducted in 2009–2011. The work helps answer questions connected with the subsistence strategies of society in the period between the 6th century and the beginning of the 13th century in the lower Dyje River region of the Czech Republic. The recorded trend supports the archaeological image of a settlement that was part of the subsistence hinterland of the nearby centre at Pohansko near Břeclav during the period of Great Moravia in the 9th century. The decline caused by the collapse of Great Moravian society in the 10th century was followed by a revitalisation and subsequent boom in the entire settlement complex. In the Late Hillfort period (10th to 12th century), which saw the creation of a secondary location (market village), the settlement produced a relatively wide spectrum of crops and quality meat for its own needs and possibly also for the nearby administrative centre in Přemyslid Břeclav.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
17. Technické značky jako opomíjený archeologický pramen? Fotogrammetrická analýza den nádob z velkomoravských hrnčířských dílen ze Starého Města (okr. Uherské Hradiště), polohy „U Víta“
- Creator:
- Hlavica, Michal, Nosek, Vojtěch, Valášková, Lucie, and Petřík, Jan
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Velká Morava, keramika, hrnčířská dílna, hrnčířské značky, fotogrammetrie, pXRF, Great Moravia, pottery, pottery workshop, pottery marks, and photogrammetry
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Práce prezentuje možné alternativy v přístupu k vyhodnocování souborů keramických nádob se značkami na dnech. Prostřednictvím analýzy ukázkového souboru ze dvou předpokládaných hrnčířských dílen ze Starého Města (okr. Uherské Hradiště), polohy „U Víta“ jsou ilustrovány přednosti metody fotogrammetrické dokumentace a následného porovnávání záznamů ve virtuálním prostředí. Možnosti virtuálního porovnání archeologického materiálu jsou testovány nejen na tradičně vyhodnocovaných značkách s reliéfními symboly (tzv. značky plastické), ale i na dosud opomíjených otiscích os na dnech nádob (značky technické) a také některých dalších neintencionálních otiscích. Prostřednictvím obdržených výsledků se pak práce zamýšlí i nad možnou úrovní organizace produkce v obou pojednávaných dílnách. and The work presents possible alternatives in approaching the evaluation of assemblages of pottery vessels with marks on their bottoms. By means of an analysis of a sample group from two assumed pottery workshops from the ‘U Víta’ site in Staré Město (Uherské Hradiště district), the benefits of the method of photogrammetric documentation are illustrated and records from the virtual environment are subsequently compared. The possibilities for the virtual comparison of archaeological material are tested not only on traditionally evaluated marks with relief symbols, but also on heretofore neglected axis imprints (technical marks) as well as some other additional unintentional imprints. Based in the obtained results, the work then considers the possible level of production organisation at both of the studied workshops.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18. The evolution of early medieval Moravian axe-shaped currency bars through the perspective of an archaeological experiment
- Creator:
- Hlavica, Michal and Bárta, Patrick
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Early Middle Ages, Great Moravia, axe-shaped bars, currency, archaeological experiment, smithing, and credit theory of money
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The presented text attempts to assess the possibilities and limitations of processing Great Moravian currency bars (by domestic archaeologists traditionally called axe-shaped hryvnias) into the form of an end product – a tool in the form of an axe – using an archaeological experiment. In this manner, it is also testing the possibilities of the axe-shaped bars to remain in circulation as tokens of general-purpose money. The present experiment shows that the processing of these bars is considerably loss-making, which means that in the case of their circulation as tokens, their withdrawal from circulation for the purpose of their practical utilization would be unlikely. The text also attempts to model the genesis of axe-shaped currency, seeing their roots in Moravian social currency, which probably originally had the form of real axes. During the social and political changes of the Great Moravian period, this currency acquired the form of stylised semi-finished products and were probably also integrated in anonymous market transactions at least in part of Great Moravian territory.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
19. Úpravy hrobových jam, konstrukce v hrobech a fenomén tzv. hrobek v Mikulčicích
- Creator:
- Mazuch, Marian , Hladík, Marek , and Poláček, Lumír
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Early Middle Ages, Great Moravia, Mikulčice, burial site, arrangements of grave pits, structures in graves, and tomb
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper’s primary objective is to discuss the arrangements of grave pits at the Early Medieval agglomeration Mikulčice-Valy. They include steps, wooden structures, stone structures and special arrangements. The established facts about the form, frequency, etc., are then compared with the situation at other central fortified settlements in Great Moravia (Pohansko near Břeclav and Staré Město – Uherské Hradiště). The second objective of the book is to critically evaluate the phenomenon of so-called “tombs” at the burial site near the 3rd church on the acropolis of the Mikulčice fortified settlement. Since the introduction of this term in archaeological literature by J. Poulík in 1967, these find units have never been comprehensively presented and their interpretation as tombs with stone structures has not been adequately documented or backed by arguments. The paper is based on the original documentation of the research in 1956–1957; these find units are reinterpreted using analysis and comparison of the burial rite attributes of the graves. Based on the analysis of the find situation, the authors do not consider the term “tomb” as relevant at the Mikulčice agglomeration.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
20. Velehrady Děvín a Nitra: příspěvek k určení polohy hlavního města velkomoravského
- Creator:
- Zavadil, Josef
- Publisher:
- náklad vlastní
- Format:
- print, svazek, and 110 stran : ilustrace, mapy.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Architektura, hrady, osídlování, historický místopis, hlavní města, castles, land settlement, historical topography, capital cities, Velkomoravská říše, Great Moravia, 21, and 72
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- napsal Josef Zavadil. and Desky nejsou k dispozici - použity desky z MVS.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
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