Cieľ: Výskum bol zameraný na identifikáciu drţania diéty u adolescentných respondentov a niektorých príčin jej drţania vo vzťahu k pohlaviu a veku. Metodika: Na získanie empirických dát boli pouţité vybrané poloţky sebaposudzovacieho meracieho nástroja s názvom Mapovanie stravovacích návykov medzi adolescentmi (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark- Sztainer et al.). Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 387 adolescentných respondentov, toho času študentov prvých a štvrtých ročníkov stredných škôl. Výsledky: Podľa výsledkov výskumu ţeny častejšie drţia diéty (redukčné alebo pre jej udrţanie) či uţ v minulom roku (p = 0,002) aj v terajšej dobe (p = 0,000). Sú nespokojné so svojou hmotnosťou (p = 0,000) a postavou (p = 0,009). Respondenti vo veku 18 - 20 rokov uviedli, ţe si ich členovia rodiny doberali alebo si robili posmech z ich hmotnosti (p = 0,000). Vyššie percento ţien zaţilo negatívne hodnotenie ich hmotnosti zo strany členov rodiny (27,5 %) a vrstovníkov (33,5 %). Záver: Sestra v klinickej praxi môţe byť nápomocná pri identifikovaní drţania diét u adolescentov a jej príčin z hľadiska prevencie dopadu drţania diét na telesné a duševné zdravie adolescenta a pri realizácii uţ cielených intervencií, napr. edukácie v rámci takto obsahovo zameranej prevencie., Aim: The research was aimed at identifying dieting among adolescent respondents and some of the reasons for its keeping in relation to sex and age. Methods: For obtaining empirical data selected items of self-assessing measuring tool called Mapping dietary habits among adolescents were used (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark-Sztainer et al.). The research sample consisted of 387 adolescent respondents, previously high school students (of the first and fourth study year). Results: According to results of research women more frequently keep a diet (in order to lose weight or keep it the same) in last year (p = 0,002) as well as at present-day period (p = 0,000). They are not satisfied with their weight (p = 0,000) and figure (p = 0,009). Respondents aged 18-20 years reported that their family members have teased or made fun of their weight (p = 0,000). A higher percentage of women had experience a negative evaluation of their weight on the part of the family members (27,5 %) and peers (33,5 %). Conclusion: A nurse in clinical practice can be helpful in identifying dieting among adolescents and its causes in order to prevent the impact of diets on physical and mental health of adolescent and in the implementation of already targeted interventions, e.g. education in the context of the following content targeting prevention., Michaela Miertová, and Literatura 40
Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of dopamine receptor D2 / ankyrin repeat and protein kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) TaqIA allelic polymorphism in the HPVinduced cervical carcinogenesis. Methods: 1. Effect on the risk of cervical precancer: After an 8year followup, out of 214 women with persisting highrisk HPV infection, 102 developed highgrade cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III, while 112 did not. The subjects were genotyped for the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism by PCRRFLP, and the allelic distributions were compared between groups with and without highgrade dysplasia. 2. Prognostic value: Two hundred and thirty nine women with cervical precancer/cancer were followed for 5 years. Complete remission was achieved at 182 women. To assess the prognostic value of the TaqIA polymorphism, genotype frequencies were compared between patients reaching and not reaching complete remission. Results: The frequency of A1/A1+A1/A2 genotypes was higher among women who developed highgrade cervical dysplasia (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.053.33; p=0.034) than in the other group. Occurrence of the A1 allele was more frequent among women who did not reach complete remission (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.073.74; p=0.030) than in women with complete remission. Conclusions: This is the first report on the possible involvement of DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism in cervical carcinogenesis. The A1 allele seems to increase the risk of cervical precancer, and it may also be associated with a worse prognosis in women with HPVinduced cervical cancer. The results need further validation in largescale molecular epidemiological studies., József Cseh, Zsuzsa Orsós, Emese Pázsit, Erika Marek, András Huszár, István Ember, István Kiss, and Literatura
Few studies concerning the occurrence of cow’s milk allergy with the use of double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test in adolescents and adult patients suffering from atopic dermatitis exist. Aim: To evaluate the occurrence of cow’s milk allergy in adolescents and adults suffering from atopic dermatitis. Method: Altogether 179 persons suffering from atopic dermatitis were included in the study: 51 men and 128 women entered the study with the average age of 26.2 (s.d. 9.5 years). Complete dermatological and allergological examinations were performed. Results: The positive results in specificIgE and in skin prick tests were recorded in 12% of patients. According to the open exposure tests and double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge tests these patients are only sensitized to cow’s milk without clinical symptoms of allergy. Double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test confirmed food allergy to cow milk only in one patient (worsening of atopic dermatitis), the oral allergy syndrome was observed in another one patient, occurrence of this allergy was altogether 1.1%. Conclusion: Cow’s milk allergy rarely plays a role in the worsening of atopic dermatitis in adolescent and adult patients., Jarmila Čelakovská, Květuše Ettlerová, Karel Ettler, Jaroslava Vaněčková, Josef Bukač, and Literatura 29
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať faktory ovplyvňujúce dentálnu hygienu, medzi ktoré patrí konzumácia sladkostí a sladených nápojov u školskej mládeže z hľadiska veku a pohlavia a zároveň analyzovať výskyt dentálnej hygieny počas dňa. Metodika: Súbor respondentov tvorilo 1187 žiakov (620 dievčat a 567 chlapcov) vo veku 11, 13 a 15 rokov v oblasti stredného Slovenska. Zber údajov prebiehal v období máj 2010 až jún 2010. Na zber údajov bol použitý štandardizovaný dotazník vytvorený pre potreby HBSC štúdie (Health Behaviour in School – aged Children). Výsledky boli vyhodnotené Chí-kvadrát testom. Výsledky: Sladkosti a kolu v jednotlivých vekových kategóriách konzumuje každý deň alebo viac krát za deň približne tretina respondentov. Výskyt umývania zubov viac ako raz denne je približne rovnaký vo všetkých vekových kategóriách od 53% u 11 ročných chlapcov do 64% u 15 ročných dievčat. Vo všetkých vekových kategóriách dievčatá udávajú častejšie umývanie zubov v porovnaní s chlapcami. Záver: Výsledky poukazujú na zvýšenú konzumáciu sladkostí a koly počas dňa u školskej mládež stredného Slovenska, čo môže spôsobovať zvýšenú kazivosť zubov. Dentálna hygiena je v našom súbore respondentov nedostačujúca. Na základe získaných výsledkov je možné konštatovať, že potreba zvyšovania úrovne vedomostí nielen detí, ale aj rodičov o zásadách správneho stravovania a o zásadách dentálnej hygieny je neodmysliteľnou súčasťou výchovy k zdraviu a preventívnych opatrení v školskom veku., Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the factors affecting dental hygiene such as consumption of sweets and sweet soft drinks in school-aged pupils in terms of their age and gender and at the same time to analyse the occurrence of dental hygiene during the day. Methods: The set of respondents consisted of 1187 pupils (620 girls and 567 boys) at the age of 11, 13 and 15 years in the area of central Slovakia. The data collection was conducted in the period of May 2010 to June 2010. For data collection was used standardized questionnaire for HBSC studies (Health Behaviour in School–aged Children). The results were analysed by Chi-square test. Results: Approximately one third of respondents in each category consumes sweets and Coca-cola every day or several times a day. The occurrence of cleaning the teeth more than once a day was equally proved in all age groups ranging from 53% in 11 years old boys to 64% in 15 years old girls. The girls of all age groups indicate more frequent cleaning of teeth in comparison with boys. Conclusion: The results show increased consumption of sweets and Cocacola during the day in the school youth from central Slovakia, which may cause an increase in tooth decay. Dental hygiene in our set of respondents is insufficient. Based on the obtained results is possible to state that the need for higher level of knowledge, not only in children but also in parents about the principles of proper diet and proper dental hygiene is the integral part of the preventive measures and health education at school age., Mária Kožuchová, Martina Bašková, and Literatura 18
The aim of the study was to establish the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), its influence on biochemical and densitometric parameters and the relation to diabetic nephropathy. 58 children with T1D at the age 9–19 years were enrolled to the study. Vitamin D concentration less than 30 ng/ml was considered as insufficient. 37 children (63.79%) had vitamin D level under 30 ng/ml, from these 19 subjects (32.7%) had vitamin D level under 20 ng/ml and 2 subjects (3.44%) under 10 ng/ml. Children with vitamin D deficiency had significantly lower magnesium concentration and lower Z score of lumbar spine (−1.34 ± 1.24 vs. −0.30 ± 1.21, p = 0.01) compared to diabetics with sufficient vitamin D concentration. No significant difference was found in parameters calcium, phosphorus or glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 18) showed no significant difference in vitamin D, glycosylated hemoglobin or Z score of lumbar spine compared to the patients without nephropathy (n = 40). Subjects with nephropathy had significantly longer diabetes duration, significantly higher cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentration. In our cohort of patients nearly two thirds of children had insufficient vitamin D concentration what supports the need to monitor and eventually supplement vitamin D in T1D subjects., Jarmila Vojtková, Miriam Čiljaková, Lenka Vojarová, Katarína Janíková, Zuzana Michnová, Veronika Šagiová, and Literatura 35
Cieľ: Cieľom výskumu bolo u detí s bronchiálnou astmou zistiť vplyv ochorenia a stupňa kontroly astmy na kvalitu života dieťaťa a kvalitu života jeho rodičov. Metodika: Na zber empirických údajov sme použili štandardizované dotazníky na kvalitu života – Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) a Paediatric Asthma Caregiver´s Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) a na hodnotenie kontroly astmy – Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Výsledky boli analyzované pomocou metód deskriptívnej a induktívnej štatistiky. Výsledky: Vo vzorke detí (n = 72) sme zistili, že 27 (37,5 %) detí malo astmu pod kontrolou a 28 detí (38,9 %) bolo v pásme nekontrolovanej astmy. Celkové skóre ACQ (1,24 ±1,07) potvrdilo stredný stupeň kontroly astmy. Celkové skóre dotazníka PAQLQ u detí bolo 5,34 ±1,16, čo indikuje, že deti s astmou vyjadrujú dobrú kvalitu života. U detí ochorenie viac vplývalo na aktivity ako na emocionálne prežívanie a výskyt symptómov. Celkové skóre dotazníka PACQLQ u rodičov bolo 4,53 ±1,07, u rodičov nebol zaznamenaný rozdiel v doménach emocionálne prežívanie a aktivity. Výskum potvrdil, že stupeň kontroly astmy štatisticky významne ovplyvňuje kvalitu života dieťaťa aj jeho rodičov, pričom čím je vyššia kvalita života dieťaťa, tým je vyššia kvalita života rodičov. Záver: Cieľom komplexného manažmentu liečby je dosiahnuť čo najoptimálnejší stupeň kontroly astmy, a tým vytvoriť predpoklady k vyššej kvalite života dieťaťa a jeho rodičov. Využívaním posudzovacích nástrojov na hodnotenie kvality života je možné identifikovať závažný dopad choroby na každodenný život detí aj rodičov., Aim: The aim of the research was to find out the impact of the disease and the degree of asthma control on quality of life in children with bronchial asthma and quality of life in their parents. Methods: To collect empirical data we have used standardized questionnaires concerning quality of life – Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and Paediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) and for the assessment of asthma control we have used questionnaire Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). The results were analysed using the methods of descriptive and inductive statistics. Results: In the sample of children studied (n = 72) we have found that 27 children (37.5%) have their disease under control and 28 children (38.9%) were in the range of uncontrolled asthma. Total ACQ score (1.24±1.07) confirmed medium degree of asthma control (partially controlled asthma). Total score of PAQLQ questionnaire in children (5.34±1.16) indicates that children with asthma represent good quality of life. Bronchial asthma in children had more significant influence on activities than on emotions and incidence of symptoms. Total score of PACQLQ questionnaire in parents was 4.53 ±1.07 and we have not registered differences between domains of emotions and activities. The research has proved that degree of asthma control has statistically significant influence on the quality of life of the child and his parents, whilst the higher the quality of life of the child, the higher the quality of life of parents. Conclusion: The aim of comprehensive management of asthma therapy is to achieve the most optimal level of asthma control and thus to establish conditions for higher quality of live of the child and his parents. Making use of assessment tools to evaluate the quality of life it is possible to identify a significant impact of the disease on the everyday lives of children as well as parents., Anna Ovšonková, Iveta Plavnická, Miloš Jeseňák, and Literatura 17
Cíl: Cílem studie bylo zjistit potencionální riziko hypertenze u dětí ve věku 14 – 15 let dvojím standardním měřením krevního tlaku a zmapovat moţný vztah mezi hodnotami krevního tlaku dětí a jejich vybranými sociodemografickými faktory a tělesnými parametry. Metodika: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 143 ţáků 8. a 9. tříd základních škol v Ostravě zapojených do projektu Zdravá škola. Data byla získána měřením fyziologických funkcí a antropometrických dat a doplňujícími otázkami na vybrané rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob. Výsledky: Měření krevního tlaku (TK) proběhla opakovaně, při druhém měření byla prokázána odlišnost naměřených hodnot TK mezi pohlavími, kdy u chlapců byly hodnoty TK vyšší neţ u děvčat. Bylo potvrzeno, ţe na hodnoty TK má vliv pohybová aktivita, a to zejména u dětí s vysokými hodnotami BMI. U normálních hodnot BMI korelace mezi hodnotou krevního tlaku a pohybovou aktivitou nebyla statisticky významná. Z rizikové skupiny 14 dětí s rodinnou predispozicí hypertenze bylo evidováno 29 % dětí s průměrnou hodnotou TK v pásmu pro 95. percentil (hypertenzní hodnoty) vzhledem k danému věku, pohlaví a výšce. Závěr: Výskyt vysokého TK byl četnější u dětí s nadváhou a obezitou. Pohybová aktivita ovlivňovala hodnotu krevního tlaku, zvláště pak právě u dětí s nadváhou a obezitou, kdy hodnoty TK u těchto dětí, které necvičily, byly vyšší neţ u dětí cvičících. Pravidelným měřením a správným zhodnocením TK můţe sestra včas zachytit děti a adolescenty s rizikovými parametry., Aim: The aim of the thesis is to examine potential risk of hypertension in children aged 14 - 15 years by two standard measurements of blood pressure and to find out possible relation between values of blood pressure in children and their selected socio-demographic factors and physical parameters. Methods: The research was carried out on 143 pupils from elementary schools in Ostrava, which participate in the project „Zdravá škola“(Healthy School). The data were obtained from measuring of physiological functions, survey of anthropometric data and further questions focused on particular risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Results: The second measurement revealed a difference in values of blood pressure between sexes, when boys had higher blood pressure than girls. The research confirmed that blood pressure is influenced by physical activity, especially in children with high value of BMI. In children with lower values of BMI, the correlation between the value of blood pressure and physical activity was not statistically relevant. From a high-risk group of 14 children with genetic predisposition, 29% of children had average value of blood pressure in range of 95. percentile (hypertension) given age, sex and height. Conclusion: The occurrence of high blood pressure is common in children who suffer from overweight and obesity. The value of blood pressure is influenced by physical activity, especially in overweight and obese children, when value of blood pressure in the children who did not practice, were higher in children than exercisers. Regular check-ups and proper evaluation of measured blood pressure in children and adolescents can contribute to early revelation of children and adolescents with high-risk parameters of blood pressure., Alena Petzuchová, Darja Jarošová, and Literatura 16
Z 20 855 nádorů hlavy a krku (HNC), uvedených v registru nádorů ČR v letech 1976–2005 bylo 4 912 vícečetných případů, z toho 3 679 (74,9 %) u mužů a 1 233 (25,1 %) u žen, tj. ze všech hlášených HNC bylo 17,6 % případů u mužů a 19,5 % u žen spojeno s výskytem dalšího nádoru. U mužů bylo 56,3 % primárních a 43,7 % následných HNC, u žen 43,8 % a 56,2 %. Počet primárních HNC rostl během první dekády a pak klesal, počet následných HNC trvale rostl. Ze 14 krajů se vyskytlo 51,6 % vícečetných HNC v pěti krajích (Moravskoslezský, Jihomoravský, Praha, Jihočeský, Středočeský). Nejvíce bylo 28,8 % vícečetných nádorů rtů, 11,9 % tonzil a 11,1 % příušní žlázy. Po primárních 2 070 HNC u mužů se vyskytlo 2 436 následných novotvarů za průměrnou dobu 6,7 roku, po primárních 540 HNC u žen 649 dalších novotvarů za 6,9 roku. Z 425 synchronních případů bylo nejvíc nádorů dýchacího systému, kůže a jiných HNC, z 2 660 metachronních případů nádory kůže, dýchacího a trávicího systému. Následným 2 302 HNC předcházelo 2 858 jiných novotarů, nejvíce kůže, dýchacího systému a jiných lokalizací HNC. Očekávané nižší zastoupení pokročilých klinických stadií se nepotvrdilo. Z 2 436 následných novotvarů u mužů a 649 u žen bylo hlášeno po primárních časných stadiích HNC 16,1 % mužů a 18,6 % žen v následném stadiu I, II, 10,7 % mužů a 7,8 % žen ve stadiu III, IV; po pokročilých primárních stadiích HNC bylo 8,2 % mužů a 6,5 % žen v následném stadiu I, II, 8,9 % mužů a 5,2 % žen ve stadiu III, IV; nehlášená stadia představovala u mužů 56,1 %, u žen 61,9 %. Všech 729 dalších pokročilých nádorů (606 mužů, 123 žen) představovalo 3,5 % nemocných s primárním HNC, evidovaných v registru za 30 let, což bylo asi 1 540 nemocných s HNC, postižených dalším pokročilým nádorem z 43 850 HNC za 50 let. K říjnu 2007 přežívalo z primárních HNC 14,7 % mužů a 20,6 % žen a zemřelo 85,3 % mužů a 79,4 % žen. V roce 2015 bude v ČR léčeno téměř 8 tisíc přežívajících s HNC, část z nich s vícečetnými nádory. Naplní se jejich očekávané počty?, A total of 20,855 head and neck cancers (HNC), based in the Czech Cancer Registry in 1976–2005, there were notificated 4,912 multiple cancers, of which were 3,679 (74.9 %) in males and 1,233 (25.1 %) in females, i.e. 17.6 % cases in males and 19.5 % in females of total HNC, affected by other neoplasms. There were 56.3 % primary and 43.7 % subsequent HNC in males, 43.8 % and 56.2 % in females. The number of primary HNC incerased during the first decade and then decreased, the number of subsequent HNC increased steadily. A total of 14 Czech regions were distributed 51.6 % multiple HNC in five regions (Northern and Southern Moravia, Prague, Southern and Central Bohemia). The most frequent were 28.8 % multiple cancers of lips, 11.9 % of tonsils, 11.1 % of parotid gands. The primary 2,070 HNC in males were followed by 2,436 other neoplasms in the average interval 6.7 years; the primary 540 HNC in females were followed by 649 other neoplasms in males in the average interval 6.9 years. The most frequent diagnoses of 425 synchronous cases were cancers of respiratory tract, skin and other HNC, of 2,660 metachronous cases were cancers of skin, respiratory and digestive tract. The subsequent 2.302 HNC were preceded by 2.858 other neoplasms with the most frequent cancers of skin, respiratory tract and other HNC. The expected low representation of advanced clinical stages was not confirmed. Of 2,436 subsequent neoplasms in males and 649 in females were registered after early HNC stages in 16.1 % males and 18.6 % females of stages I, II, in 10.7 % males and 7.8 % females of stages III, IV; after advanced HNC stages were in 8.2 % males and 6.5% females of stages I, II, in 8.9 % males and 5.2 % females of stages III, IV; the unknown stages represented 56.1 % in males and 61.9 % in females of subsequent neoplasms. All 729 subsequent advanced cancers (606 males, 123 females) represented 3.5 % of total registered cases of HNC during 30 years and about 1,540 patients with HNC affected by other subsequent cancer of 43,850 HNC based in the Czech Cancer Registry during half-century. Up to Oct. 2007, of the primary HNC 14.7 % males and 20.6 % females survived, and those 85.3 % males and 79.4 % females died. Nearly 8,000 patients is estimated to be treated for HNC, some of them with multiple cancers, in the Czech Republic in 2015. Will be reached their expected numbers? clinical stages., Edvard Geryk, Jiří Kozel, Theodor Horváth, Petr Kubíček, and Literatura 30
Přehledné sdělení shrnuje současné přístupy k detekci onemocnění ledvinného parenchymu v dětském věku, zaměřuje se na výhody ultrazvukového vyšetření a ukazuje na indikace výpočetní tomografie a magnetické rezonance., The manuskript reviewed current approaches in detection of the renal parenchyma diseases in children, focuses the advantages of the ultrasound imaging and pointed the indications of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging., and Zdeňka Ráčilová, Jarmila Skotáková, Ivana Červinková, Marcela Charvátová, Denisa Pavlovská, Zdeněk Pavlovský
Adolescent hallux valgus (HV) is a progressive deformity of adolescent age consisting of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. It has a high recurrence rate after conventional surgical correction. Ten feet in nine patients (two males, seven females) were treated surgically with the Peterson Newman bunion procedure, with a minimum follow-up of one year. During the final follow-up all these patients had no complaints of pain, joint stiffness or limping. Even though the patients had some mild loss of range of movements at the MTP joints 4–6° compared to preoperative value, it did not cause any functional impairment and all were satisfied with the final outcome. The double ostetomy for treatment of hallux valgus is technically precise procedure, provides excellent correction and stability and has low rate of recurrence of deformity. We had an excellent outcome in 10 feet in our study without residual deformity or complications., Pradeep George Mathew, Pavel Šponer, Jaroslav Pavlata, Haroun Hassan Shaikh, and Literatura 36