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22. High-mobility group box-1 protein in adenine-induced chronic renal failure and the influence of gum arabic thereon
- Creator:
- Ali, B. H., Al Za'abi, M., Al Shukaili, A., and Nemmar, A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, chronic renal failure, rats, adenine, gum arabic, high-mobility group box-1 protein, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and/or oxidant mechanisms. Gum arabic (GA) is a complex po lysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which can modulate inflammatory and/or immunological processes. Therefore, we tested here the effect of GA treatment (15 % in the drinking water for 4 weeks) in plasma and urine of rats, on a novel cytokine that has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, viz, DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). Adenine (0.75 % in the feed, 4 weeks) significantly increased indoxyl sulphate, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, an d significantly decreased the creatinine clearance. GA significantly abated these effects. The concentrations of HMGB1 in urine before the start of the experiment were similar in all four groups. However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control. GA treatment did not affect the HMGB1 concentration in urine. Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group. This may explain its significant rise in urine. In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment., B. H. Ali, M. Al Za'abi, A. Al Shukaili, A. Nemmar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
23. Humoral and cellular immune responses in gluten-treated suckling or hand-fed rats
- Creator:
- Hana Kozáková, Štěpánková, R., Ludmila Tučková, Šinkora, M., Jelínková, L., and Helena Tlaskalová
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, apoptóza, apoptosis, model of coeliac disease, rats, proliferation, antigliadin antibodies, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We analyzed the immune response to gliadin in suckling rats and rats hand-fed with an artificial milk formula, an animal model of gluten enteropathy. Animals of both groups were intragastrically given either gliadin or albumin (control animals) or gliadin from birth till day 55. When compared to the controls, spleen lymphocytes from both groups of gliadin-treated rats cultivated in vitro exhibited a significant increase of spontaneous 3H-thymidine incorporation. Moreover, the proliferation of spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymhocytes from both groups of gliadin-treated suckling and hand-fed rats was specifically increased by the in vitro gliadin challenge. Spleen B cells from gliadin-treated rats spontaneously produced higher amounts of gliadin-specific antibodies than those from the controls, however, in vitro stimulation by gliadin caused no further increase in antibody production. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation in MLN cells was higher in gliadin-treated rats than in albumin-treated ones, independently of the milk diet during the suckling period., H. Kozáková, R. Štěpánková, L. Tučková, M. Šinkora, L. Jelínková, H. Tlaskalová-Hogenová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24. Lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats: a model of Alzheimer’s disease
- Creator:
- Zakaria, R., Wan Yaacob, W. M. H., Othman, Z., Long, I., Ahmad, A. H., and Al-Rahbi, B.
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Alzheimerova choroba, Alzheimer's disease, lipopolysaccharide, memory impairment, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia in the middle-aged and elderly worldwide. Animal models for AD are widely used to study the disease mechanisms as well as to test potential therapeutic agents for disease modification. Among the non-genetically manipulated neuroinflammation models for AD, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced animal model is commonly used. This review paper aims to discuss the possible factors that influence rats’ response following LPS injection. Factors such as dose of LPS, route of administration, nature and duration of exposure as well as age and gender of animal used should be taken into account when designing a study using LPS-induced memory impairment as model for AD., R. Zakaria, W. M. H. Wan Yaacob, Z. Othman, I. Long, A. H. Ahmad, B. Al-Rahbi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25. Metabolic effects of a hydrophobic alginate derivative and tetrahydrolipstatin in rats fed a diet supplemented with palm fat and cholesterol
- Creator:
- Marounek, Milan, Volek, Z., Taubner, T., and Czauderna, M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- amidated alginate, tetrahydrolipstatin, cholesterol, rats, serum, and liver
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effects of octadecylamide of alginic acid (amidated alginate) and tetrahydrolipstatin on serum and hepatic cholesterol, and the faecal output of fat and sterols, were investigated in rats. Amidated alginate is a sorbent of lipids, tetrahydrolipstatin is an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Rats were fed diets containing cholesterol and palm fat at 10 and 70 g/kg, respectively. Palm fat was provided by coconut meal. Amidated alginate at 40 g/kg diet significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and hepatic cholesterol, and hepatic lipids and increased the faecal output of fat and coprostanol. Tetrahydrolipstatin at 300 mg/kg diet significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic lipids and increased the faecal output of fat. The intake of feed was not significantly influenced; however, the weight gains in rats fed amidated alginate were lower than in rats of the control group. Both amidated alginate and tetrahydrolipstatin modified the fatty acid profile in excreta lipids. Concentrations of saturated fatty acids were decreased and those of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Despite different modes of action, amidated alginate and tetrahydrolipstatin were equally efficient in removing the dietary fat from the body.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26. Mild hypothermia attenuates changes in respiratory system mechanics and modifies cytokine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during low lung volume ventilation
- Creator:
- Dostál, P., Marian Šenkeřík, Radana Pařízková, Bareš, D., Pavel Živný, Helena Živná, and Černý, V.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, záněty, cytokiny, podchlazení organismu, inflammations, cytokines, hypothermia, rats, mechanical ventilation, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hypothermia was shown to attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury due to large tidal volumes. It is unclear if the protective effect of hypothermia is maintained under less injurious mechanical ventilation in animals without previous lung injury. Tracheostomized rats were randomly allocated to non-ventilated group (group C) or ventilated grou ps of normothermia (group N) and mild hypothermia (group H). After two hours of mechanical ventilation with inspiratory fraction of oxygen 1.0, respiratory rate 60 min-1 , tidal volume 10 ml·kg-1 , positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 2 cm H 2 O or immediately after tracheostomy in non-ventilated animals inspiratory pressures were recorded, rats were sacrificed, pressure-volume (PV) curve of respiratory system constructed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and aortic blood samples obtained. Group N animals exhibited a higher rise in peak inspiratory pressures in comparison to group H animals. Shift of the PV curve to right, higher total protein and interleukin- 6 levels in BAL fluid were observed in normothermia animals in comparison with hypothermia animals and non-ventilated controls. Tumor necrosis factor- α was lower in the hypothermia group in comparison with normothermia and non-ventilated groups. Mild hypothermia attenuated changes in respiratory system mechanics and modified cytokine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during low lung volume ventilation in animals without previous lung injury., P. Dostál, M. Šenkeřík, R. Pařízková, D. Bareš, P. Živný, H. Živná, V. Černý., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
27. Milk fat concentration and growth of rat pups
- Creator:
- Mozeš, Š., Kuchár, S., Rybošová, Z., and Nováková, V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- rat milk, fat, protein, pup growth, and rats
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The relationship between milk fat concentration and the growth of rat pups from birth to the 20th day was investigated. A total of 36 first-time-lactating Wistar rats and 366 pups from litters of 8-12 were used. The concentration of milk fat was determined by the crematocrit method, on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th day of lactation. A wide range of milk fat concentration with a great variability in each individual dam was observed during lactation. To correlate milk fat and pup's growth, the mean value of the milk fat of the individual mothers was calculated for the first 10 days from the values of the 2nd, 5th and 10th day of lactation, and for the second 10 days from the values of the 10th, 15th and 20th days. The results show that pups fed higher fat milk in the first 10 days of life grew faster than pups fed lower fat milk. A significant positive correlation (P<0.001) was found between the fat concentration of milk and the weight gains of pups in the first 10 days, but not in the older groups. It indicates that the fat concentration of milk is important for the growth of pups mainly in the early postnatal period of life.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28. Moringa oleifera-rich diet and T cell calcium signaling in spontaneously hypertensive rats
- Creator:
- Attakpa, E. S., Bertin, G. A., Chabi, N. W., Atègbo, J.-M., Seri, B., and Khan, N. A.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Moringa oleifera, genetic hypertension, intracellular calcium, immunomodulation, T cells, and rats
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Moringa oleifera is a plant whose fruits, roots and leaves have been advocated for traditional medicinal uses. The physicochemical analysis shows that Moringa oleifera contains more dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than saturated fatty acids (SFA). The consumption of an experimental diet enriched with Moringa oleifera extracts lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as compared to rats fed an unsupplemented control diet. Anti-CD3-stimulated T cell proliferation was diminished in both strains of rats fed the Moringa oleifera. The experimental diet lowered secretion of interleukin-2 in SHR, but not in WKY rats compared with rats fed the control diet. Studies of platelets from patients with primary hypertension and from SHR support the notion that the concentration of intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i is modified in both clinical and experimental hypertension. We observed that the basal, [Ca2+]i was lower in T cells of SHR than in those of WKY rats fed the control diet. Feeding the diet with Moringa oleifera extracts to WKY rats did not alter basal [Ca2+]i in T cells but increased basal [Ca2+]i in SHR. Our study clearly demonstrated that Moringa oleifera exerts antihypertensive effects by inhibiting the secretion of IL-2 and modulates T cell calcium signaling in hypertensive rats.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29. Plasma dependent and independent accumulation of betaine in male and female rat tissues
- Creator:
- Slow, S., Lever, M., Chambers, S. T., and George, P. M.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, betaine, osmolyte, methyl donor, tissue content, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tissue betaine is an intracellular osmolyte that also provides a store of labile methyl groups. Despite these important biological roles, there are few data regarding tissue betaine content. We measured the betaine concentration of plasma and various tissues (brain, heart, lungs, liv er, kidney, spleen, intestine, reproductive tissues, skeletal muscle and skin) in male and female rats and assessed whether there were any gender-specific differences in betaine content or distribution and whether there was any relationship between tissue accumulation and plasma levels. Betaine was highest in the liver and kidney with values ranging from 1.6 to 9.5 mmol/l and 2.0 to 5.4 mmol/l, respectively. Plasma betaine concentrations were significantly lower than tissue levels except in the brain ( ≈ 25 % of plasma) and skeletal muscle (similar to pl asma). Regression analysis of the combined male and female data revealed a significant plasma-related accumulation of betaine in the heart, skin and skeletal muscle, while the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine showed significant plasma-related and plasma- independent accumulations of be taine. The betaine content of the skin, liver and kidney was no t significantly different between males and females, but in plasma and all tissues analyzed it was significantly higher in males (P<0.01)., S. Slow, M. Lever, S. T. Chambers, P. M. George., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30. Preconditioning by hypoventilation increases ventricular arrhythmia threshold in wistar rats
- Creator:
- Pavol Švorc and Imola Bračoková
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, hypoventilation, cardioprotection, preconditioning, ventricular arrhythmia, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hypoventilation, as one of ventilatory disorders, decreases the electrical stability of the heart similarly as ischemia. If preconditioning by short cycles of ischemia has a cardioprotective effect against harmful influences of a prolonged ischemic period, then preconditioning by hypoventilation (HPC) can also have a similar effect. Anesthetized rats (ketamine 100 mg/kg + xylasine 15 mg/kg i.m., open chest experiments) were subjected to 20 min of hypoventilation followed by 20 min of reoxygenation (control group). The preconditioning (PC) was induced by one (1PC), two (2PC) or three (3PC) cycles of 5-min hypoventilation followed by 5-min reoxygenation. The electrical stability of the heart was measured by a ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) tested by electrical stimulation of the right ventricle. Twenty-minute hypoventilation significantly decreased the VAT in the control and 1PC groups (p<0.05) and non-significantly in 2PC vs. the initial values. Reoxygenation reversed the VAT values to the initial level only in the control group. In 3PC, the VAT was increased from 2.32±0.69 mA to 4.25±1.31 mA. during hypoventilation (p<0.001) and to 4.37±1.99 mA during reoxygenation (p<0.001). It is concluded that cardioprotection against the hypoventilation/ reoxygenation-induced decrease of VAT proved to be effective only after three cycles of HPC., P. Švorc, I. Bračoková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public