Měření rodinných vztahů a charakteristických rodinných interakcí provází mnoho problémů díky nedostatku teorie v dané oblasti, stejně jako interpretaci získaných výsledků. Většinou se zabýváme vztahy v rodině pomocí standardizovaných dotazníků a inventářů nebo jednoduchých seznamů otázek. Existuje však mnoho dalších metod, přístupů a nápadů, jak operacionalizovat vztahy v rodině. Tato studie přináší přehled některých problematických oblastí v měření rodinných vztahů a jejích dopadů, příklady méně používaných nástrojů na měření vztahů a dalších metod, se kterými se setkáváme v souvislosti se zkoumáním vztahů v rodinách. Cílem studie je zmapovat metody, které tvoří alternativu k dotazníkům a inventářům, a prozkoumat jejich možnosti v oblasti měření rodinných vztahů a interakcí. Věnujeme se zejména semiprojektivním a projektivním metodám. Mnoho metod, které jsou zmíněné ve studii, se pro měření vztahů používá jen málo, ale mají velký potenciál pro použití v této oblasti. Ve studii jsou naznačeny některé problémy s interpretací poznatků: kulturní diverzita, problém s rozlišováním subjektivního a osobnostního hlediska, které respondent vnáší do svého hodnocení rodinných vztahů, sociální desirabilita. and A gap in the theoretical background created numerous difficulties and inconsistencies in the measurement of the characteristic of family relationships and family interactions, but also in the interpretation of obtained results. Mostly we deal with family relationships using standardized questionnaires and inventories or simple lists of questions. However, there are many other methods, approaches and ideas on how to operationalize family relationships. This study provides an overview of some of the problematic areas in the measurement of family relationships and its consequences. The aim of the study is to explore methods that form an alternative to the questionnaires and inventories, and explore their potential for the measurement of family relationships and interactions. We pay particular attention to projective techniques. Many methods that are mentioned in the study are uncommon, but they have a great potential for use in this area. The study indicated some problems with the interpretation of results: cultural diversity, the problem of distinguishing subjective and personal point of view, social desirability.
Quametopia gen. n. is established on the basis of recent phylogenetic analysis of taxa formerly assembled under the genus Mumetopia Melander, 1913 to include M. terminalis (Loew, 1863) and two new closely related Nearctic species of Anthomyzidae. The new genus is diagnosed and its phylogenetic relationships discussed. Quametopia terminalis (Loew, 1863) comb. n. is transferred from Mumetopia and redescribed based on revision of the type material (lectotypes of Anthophilina terminalis Loew, 1863 and its synonym Mumetopia nitens Melander, 1913 are designated) and other extensive material. Quametopia clintonia sp. n. and Q. amplistylus sp. n. (both from Canada, USA) are described and relationships of all three Quametopia species discussed. Immature stages of Q. terminalis and Q. clintonia sp. n. obtained by means of adult-to-adult rearing are described (1st- and 2nd-instar larvae for the first time in the family Anthomyzidae) and illustrated. Keys to adults, eggs, larvae and puparia of Quametopia species are presented. Biology (habitat and host-plant associations, life history) of Q. terminalis and Q. clintonia sp. n. are studied in detail and their ecological separation demonstrated. Distribution of all Quametopia species is reviewed. and Jindřich Roháček, Kevin N. Barber.
To assess the relationship between chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (CF) and photosynthetic pigments, soybean was grown under varying phosphorus (P) nutrition at ambient and elevated CO2 (EC). The EC stimulated, but P deficiency decreased plant height, node numbers, and leaf area concomitantly with the rates of stem elongation, node addition, and leaf area expansion. Under P deficiency, CF parameters and pigments declined except that carotenoids (Car) were relatively stable indicating its role in photoprotection. The CF parameters were strongly related with Chl concentration but not with Chl a/b or Car. However, total Chl/Car showed the strongest association with CF parameters such as quantum efficiency and yield of photosystem II. This relationship was not affected by CO2 treatment. The high correlation between CF and total Chl/Car underscores the significance of the quantification of both, Chl and Car concentrations, to understand the photochemistry and underlying processes of photoprotection and mechanisms of excess energy dissipation in a given environment., S. K. Singh, V. R. Reddy, D. H. Fleisher, D. J. Timlin., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A new subfamily Homalomitrinae is established for two enigmatic Neotropical genera, Homalomitra Borgmeier, 1931 and Sphaeromitra gen. n. which are diagnosed on the basis of newly discovered characters. All available specimens of the group are revised. Two new species of Homalomitra, H. antiqua sp, n. (Costa Rica, Brazil) and H. tenuior sp. n. (female only; Colombia, Ecuador) are described and the remaining species of the genus, H. ecitonis Borgmeier, 1931 (type species, Brazil) and H. albuquerquei Mourgués-Schurter, 1987 (Costa Rica) are redescribed. A key to Homalomitra species is given. Sphaeromitra inepta gen. et sp. n. is described from Peru. Phylogenetic relationships of Homalomitrinae, both its genera and all species included are discussed.
Výzkum se zaměřil na možné vztahy mezi lhaním a emoční inteligencí mezi respondenty v České republice. Emoční inteligence souvisí se sebeklamem a detekcí lži, ale její vztah k lhaní zatím dostatečně zkoumán nebyl. Celkem 112 respondentů vyplnilo dotazník pro analýzu klamavého chování a test emoční inteligence TEIQue. ANOVA a regresní analýza ukázaly signifikantní rozdíly ve lhoucím chování, které mohou být ovlivněny globálním rysem emoční inteligence nebo well-being. Výsledky naznačují, že respondenti s nižší emoční inteligencí říkají méně lží a lžou častěji dospělým než dětem. Výzkum může být přínosný pro intervence v pedagogické a forenzní psychologii nebo v rodinné terapii a může pomoci v porozumění proměnným ovlivňujícím klamavé chování. and This study is focused on finding a possible relation between deception and emotional intelligence among respondents in the Czech Republic. Emotional intelligence is related to self-deception and detection of lying, yet there is not enough information on its possible relation to lying behavior itself. A deception behavior survey and the TEIQue inventory were used to analyse deception characteristics and emotional intelligence among 112 respondents. ANOVA and regression analysis revealed significant differences in lying behavior, which might be influenced by the global trait of emotional intelligence or well-being. Results suggest that respondents with lower emotional intelligence use less lies and tend to lie to adults more often than to children. These results might be beneficial for interventions in pedagogical or forensic psychology or in family therapy and can improve our understanding of variables affecting lying behavior.