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Start Over Creator Hahn, P.

1. Cold-activated growth of rat brown adipose tissue in the neonatal period

Creator:
Drahota, Z. and Hahn, P.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
brown adipose tissue, newborn rats, and cold stress
Language:
English
Description:
Repeated exposure of newborn rats to a short-term cold load between day 10 and 30 after birth stimulates the physiological growth rate of the brown adipose tissue. This indicates that in the neonatal period the brown adipose tissue has no reserve thermogenic capacity to compensate an additional cold load and therefore the rate of tissue growth must be activated.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Development of gastrointestinal functions

Creator:
Koldovský, O., Dobiášová, M., Hahn, P., Kolínská, J., Kraml, J., and Pácha, J.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
pancreatic amylase, sucrase-isomaltase, maltase-glucoamylase, lactase-phlorizinhydrolase, sialylation of brush border enzymes, glucose transport, pancreatic and small intestinal lipases, esterification capacity, absorption of triglycerides, formation of phospholipids, carnitine absorption, metabolism of the developing small intestine, colonic sodium transport, human fetal studies, adrenal cortex and thyroid gland hormones, "specialization" of intestinal segments, and enterocyte migration
Language:
English
Description:
Data are summarized about digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins during mammalian perinatal development including human fetuses. Corresponding with the high fat intake in suckling rats, absorption of triglycerides was found to be approximately 2-3 times higher in suckling than in adult rats. Carnitine contents of the small intestinal mucosa of rats decrease postnatally, reaching adult levels at the time of weaning. Other studies suggested that gluconeogenesis may occur in the small intestine in the neonatal period. The intestinal mucosa of infant rats produces ketones; it was suggested that ketone production is to a large extent due to a breakdown of long-chain fatty acids. Studies dealing with the development of colonic sodium transport in rats are described. Other studies on the developing colon showed that the proximal colon resembles ileum during the early postnatal period. Developmental changes of the "specialization" of intestinal segments are reviewed. In all studies attention is given to the maturative effects of hormones of the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland (88 references).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Developmental aspects of lipid metabolism

Creator:
Koldovský, O., Dobiášová, M., Drahota, Z., and Hahn, P.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
energy sources, fat metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, white and brown adipose tissue, carnitine synthesis, and carnitine in milk
Language:
English
Description:
It was confirmed that the main source of energy for growth and development in the neonatal period was fat. Considerable attention was paid to the development of both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the rat and human newborn. Cholesterol metabolism during development was studied in the liver, the small intestine and both WAT and BAT. Brown adipose tissue of rats and adipose tissue from human newborns require carnitine for optimum respiration and fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, carnitine enhanced lipolysis in human newborn adipose tissue, Intravenously-fed newborn patients exhibited a rapid decrease of plasma level of carnitine and its esters, indicating a greater requirement for exogenous carnitine than in adult subjects (52 references)
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Late effects of early nutritional manipulations

Creator:
Koldovský, O., Hahn, P., Hromadová, M., Křeček, J., and Macho, L.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
spermiogenesis, cholesterol, corticosterone production, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, glucagon, insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, drug metabolism, and studies in children
Language:
English
Description:
Effects of early neonatal interventions on metabolic parameters later in life (s.c. late effects) were studied in rats using two models; namely, (a) the effects of premature weaning and (b) the effects of "dietary" manipulations during the suckling period (s.c. small vs. large litters), (a) Premature weaning of rats caused an earlier degeneration of spermiogenesis and elevated plasma cholesterol levels in adult animals when compared to levels found in animals weaned 12 days later (on day 30 after birth). In adult rats, radioiodine uptake in thyroid glands was lower in the group weaned prematurely. Premature weaning was followed by a decrease of corticosterone production in adrenal glands in adult animals; in female adult prematurely weaned rats, an elevated response of adrenal cortex to stressors was observed. Several other studies explored the "immediate" effects of early, premature weaning, (b) Early exposure to high fat diet evoked a hypercholesterolaemic response in adulthood following brief exposure to HF diet. Rats from litters reduced to 3 or 4 pups per mother on postnatal day 3 exhibited 2 days later plasma levels of cholesterol higher than in rats raised in large litters of 8 or 14. The difference between small and large litters was preserved for the whole lifespan of the animals. In adulthood, rats from small litters were fatter and had higher levels of plasma cholesterol and insulin. Other studies suggester that early dietary experience may regulate the pattern of drug metabolism in adult life. An inhibition of diurnal plasma corticosterone variation was found in rats overfed during the neonatal period and an increased stimulation of lipolysis by norepinephrine and lipogenesis by insulin was demonstrated in neonatally underfed rats. Interesting studies were reported in longitudinally studies in children: at the age of 9-12 year brest-fed children (for more than 6 months) had the highest cholesterol levels; on the other hand significantly increased levels of APO B, Apo Al, ATH index and Apo/B Apo A1 quotient (p<0.05) were found in the nonbreast-fed group (27 references).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. The control of cholesterol metabolism and plasma lipid levels in infant rats

Creator:
Hahn, P. and Mahler, L.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
plasma cholesterol, plasma lipids, infant rats, plasma insulin, glucagon, and 3-hydroxy-3-glutaryl CoA reductase
Language:
English
Description:
Infant rats received an i. p. injection of insulin, anti-insulin serum, streptozotocin, antiglucagon serum or dexamethazone. All substances except the antiinsulin serum, raised the plasma triglyceride level. Both antisera decreased plasma cholesterol levels, while streptozotocin, insulin and dexametazone caused an increase. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-glutaryl CoA reductase in liver and brown adipose tissue changed inversely to the cholesterol level. However, small intestinal enzyme activity was increased by insulin administration inspite of the rise in plasma cholesterol.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public