Lokální chemoprofylaxe neinvazivních nádorů močového měchýře je používána více než 40 let. Využíváno je několik agens, mezi nejčastější patří mitomycin C (MMC) a epirubicin. Názor na léčebná schémata není jednotný. Avšak na podkladě EBM je zřejmé, že adjuvantní instilace cytotoxických látek do močového měchýře prodlužuje dobu beznádorového intervalu. V práci předkládáme dlouhodobé zkušenosti s intravezikální chemoprofylaxí povrchových nádorů močového měchýře., Local chemoprophylaxis of noninvasive bladder tumors has been used for more than 40 years. Several agents are used, with the most common including mitomycin C (MMC) and epirubicin. Opinions on therapeutic strategies vary. Based on EBM, on the contrary, it is evident that adjuvant administration of cytotoxic drugs into the bladder prolongs the tumor-free interval. The paper presents long-term experience with intravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors., Michaela Matoušková, Miroslav Hanuš, and Literatura 7
According to our research, Uzbek individuals with Parkinson’s disease have high prevalence of 0/0 polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, as well as combinations of GSTT1 (0/0)/GSTM1/(0/0) genotypes. These mutations are associated with an earlier debut of the disease, its mixed form, and rapid rate of progression. Determination of mutations in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes of xenobiotic detoxification in patients with Parkinson’s disease confirms multifactorial nature of this pathology and the role of the influence of various external factors in the modification of clinical signs of disease and its prognosis., Khanifa Khalimova, Malika Raimova, Rustam Matmurodov, Khurshidakhon Rasulova, Amina Burnasheva, Yekaterina Jmirko, Rustam Mukhamedov, and Literatura
Cíl. Pseudomyxom peritonea je velmi vzácné semimaligní onemocnění. Záměrem našeho sdělení je pojednání o typickém nálezu, možnostech léčby a komplikacích. Metoda. Nedávné případy z našeho pracoviště ilustrují patognomické znaky nemoci v CT obrazu, obvyklý klinický nález, průběh onemocnění i svízelnost jeho léčby. Ve dvou našich kazuistikách je příčinou pseudomyxomu peritonea mucinózní cystadenom appendixu, v jednom appendikální low grade cystadenokarcinom, v posledním případě mucinózní cystadenokarcinom neznámého původu. U prvního pacienta se navíc objevila raritní komplikace - metastatická ložiska intrathorakálně. Závěr. Pseudomyxom peritonea je klinický syndrom, který je způsoben excesivní produkcí gelatinózního ascitu buňkami mucinózního cystadenomu či cystadenokarcinomu různého původu, nejčastěji se však jedná o tumory appendixu. Typický morfologický nález v zobrazovacích metodách určuje jejich významné místo v diagnostice, stagingu a monitorování výsledků léčby pseudomyxomu., Aim. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an uncommon semimalignous disease. The aim of our statement is the discussion about the typical finding, the possibilities of treatment and complications. Method. The recent findings from our workplace illustrate pathological signs of the disease on CT-scan, usual clinical finding, the progression of the disease and the arduous of its treatment. In two of our cases is the cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix, in one low grade mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and in the last case the mucinuos cystadenoma of unknown origin. There has appeared by the first patient a rare complication - intrathoracic implants lesions. Conclusion. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a clinical syndrome that is caused by the excessive production of gelatinous ascites cells mucinous cystadenoma or cystadeno-karcinoma of different origin, but mostly these are the cases of appendix tumors. The typical morphological found in the imaginig methods determines their important place in the diagnostics, staging and the monitoring of the results of the treatment of pseudomyxoma., Žáčik M, Kacvinská T, Pernická B, Pospíšková M, Palíšek J., and Literatura 12
The review focuses on a very peculiar aspect of the application of copper containing biologically active compounds of different chemical classes as have shown at the last scientific researches in the field of Cu (II) chelates, chelates possess have a higher activity of the same sort, than their mother compounds. The presented material shows essentially important qualities of Cu (II) containing compounds in biological aspect and has an interest for chemists, biochemists and pharmacologists., Sedrak Ghazaryan, and Literatura
Few studies concerning the importance of wheat allergy affecting the course of atopic eczema in adolescents and adult patients exist. Aim: The evaluation if wheat allergy can deteriorate the course of atopic eczema. Follow-up of patients with confirmed food allergy to wheat. Method: Altogether 179 persons suffering from atopic eczema were included in the study: 51 men and 128 women entered the study with an average age of 26.2 (s.d. 9.5 years) Dermatological and allergological examinations were performed, including skin prick tests, atopy patch tests, and specific serum IgE for wheat, open exposure test and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge test with wheat flour. Results: Wheat allergy affecting the coures of atopic eczema was confirmed in eight patients (4.5%) out of 179 patients enrolled in this study by double-blind, placebo controlled food challenge test. The course of atopic eczema showed a positive trend in patients with confirmed food allergy at 3, 6, 9, 12 month follow-up (statistical evaluation with paired t-test) after the elimination of wheat flour. Conclusion: Wheat allergy may play an important role in the worsening of atopic eczema (acting as a triggering exacerbating factor) only in a minority of adolescents and adult patients (4.5% in our study). The diagnostic methods (skin prick test, specific IgE, atopy patch test, history) cannot be used as separated tests for the determination of food allergy to wheat in patients with atopic eczema.Open exposure tests and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge should be used for the confirmation of wheat allergy affecting the course of atopic eczema., Jarmila Čelakovská, Květuše Ettlerová, Karel Ettler, Jaroslava Vaněčková, Josef Bukač, and Literatura 34
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in Bulgaria shows increasing severity, especially in patients over sixty years. As T lymphocytes are the primary effector cells in MSF and are altered by the ageing process we aimed to specify the changes in their numbers in elderly patients. We performed a clinicoepidemiological study, haematological and biochemical analysis of 132 patients of 60+ and 30 patients between 19 and 57 years with MSF. We investigated the cell immunity of 20 patients of 60+ using immunofluocytometry. The control group consisted of 10 younger patients and 10 healthy individuals of 60+. MSF showed more unfavourable course in the elderly.We found T-lymphocytes depletion in all patients with MSF. Activated T lymphocytes were increased in elderly patients with MSF. We found significant differences between the number of activated T lymphocytes in elderly patients and healthy elderly persons. The observed T-lymphocytes depletion in MSF corresponded to the disease severity. The increase in the activated T lymphocytes in patients over 60 years contributes to an adequate immune response., Margarita Gospodinova, and Literatura
Ultrazvukové vyšetrenie maternice po pôrode zahŕňa niektoré špecifiká, ktoré vyplývajú z rýchlo sa meniacich rozmerov maternice, ale aj compliance pacientky vo včasnom šestonedelí. Pri riešení popôrodných komplikácií je potrebné poznať normálny ultrazvukový nález, dynamické zmeny maternice v priebehu šestonedelia, aby sme vedeli lepšie rozpoznať patologický priebeh od normálneho priebehu šestonedelia. Klinický význam ultrazvukového posúdenia veľkosti maternice ako aj oblasti jazvy po cisárskom reze v priebehu šestonedelia doteraz nie je dostatočne popísaný. Prehľadový článok rozoberá špecifiká ultrazvukovej diagnostiky po vaginálnom pôrode a cisárskom reze. Autori článku prezentujú jednoduchú techniku vyšetrenia maternice po pôrode., Ultrasound examination of the uterus after delivery includes some features which result from rapidly changing dimensions of the uterus, but also patient compliance in the early puerperium. In dealing with postpartum complications is necessary to know the normal ultrasound findings, the dynamic changes in the uterus during the puerperium, so we can better recognize the pathological process during the normal puerperium. The clinical significance of ultrasound assessment of uterine size and the scar after Cesarean section during the puerperium have not been yet sufficiently described. Review article discusses the specifics of diagnostic ultrasound following vaginal delivery and Cesarean section. Authors of the article presents a simple technique of the uterus examination after childbirth., Erik Dosedla, Pavel Calda, and Literatura 42
Bio-degradable stents are be made of different synthetic polymers (like polylactide or polyglycolide) or their co-polymers (polydioxanone). They can be used for treating benign stenoses of the small and large intestine, particularly in Crohn’s disease. Endoscopic introduction of bio-degradable stents into small and large intestinal stenoses is feasible and relatively simple. Initial results are encouraging and the complication rate is low. However, there are still some difficulties that need to be overcome. The rate of early stent migration is still rather high (up to one third of patients). This might be solved by changes in the shape or rigidity of the stents as well as by further improvement in the design. Proof of long-term efficacy and safety requires further studies., Stanislav Rejchrt, Jan Bureš, Jan Brožík, Marcela Kopáčová, and Literatura 52
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie realizovanej v rámci projektu podporeného APVV (Agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývoja) bola obsahová validácia ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Narušená pamäť a identifikácia definujúcich charakteristík v podmienkach českej a slovenskej praxe. Metodika: Na validáciu sme vybrali Diagnostic Content Validity Model (model DCV) podľa Fehringa. Za expertov sme považovali sestry, ktoré získali minimálne 4 body podľa modifikovaných Fehringových kritérií. Experti posudzovali významnosť definujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy v pripravenom validačnom hárku. Obsahoval 10 definujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy, 4 položky z nástroja MMSE (Folsteinov test, Mini-Mental State Examination) a 2 neutrálne položky. Súbor expertov tvorilo 94 českých a 154 slovenských sestier. Výsledky: Za hlavné definujúce charakteristiky (vážené skóre, VS viac ako 0,75) považovali experti tie, ktoré súvisia s jednotlivými fázami pamäti (recepcia, retencia, reprodukcia). V českom a slovenskom súbore expertov boli výsledky rovnaké a sú porovnateľné so zisteniami iných autorov. Záver: Experti nepovažovali všetky definujúce charakteristiky za rovnako významné, podobne ako v iných štúdiách v rámci projektu APVV. Určitý podiel zohralo zloženie samotného súboru expertov, ktorý naplnil iba spodnú hranicu kritérií na experta (6 bodov) a absencia štandardizovanej ošetrovateľskej terminológie v Českej a Slovenskej republike., Aim: The aim of this study (supported by project Slovak Research and Development Agency, SRDA) was to examine the content validity of nursing diagnosis Impaired Memory and to identify the defining characteristics in Czech and Slovak clinical practice. Methodology: Fehring’s Diagnostic Content Validity Model was used. Experts were nurses who achieve minimally the total number of 4 points according to modified Fehring’s criteria. Experts measured importance of diagnostic characteristics of Impaired Memory in validation form. It contained 10 defining characteristics of nursing diagnosis, 2 neutral characteristics and 4 items from MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) tool. Respondents were 94 Czech and 154 Slovak nurses. Results: Experts identically considered as main defining characteristics (weighted score more than 0,75), which consistent with memory phases (encoding, storage, retrieval). In Czech and Slovak data of respondents were results almost identical and are comparable with results another authors. Conclusion: Experts didn’t consider all defining characteristics as uniformly important, similarly as another SRDA studies. Particular influence had composite of respondents which had only minimal level of criteria for expert (6 points) and absence of standardize nursing terminology in Czech and Slovak Republic., Martina Tomagová, Ivana Bóriková, and Literatura