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307. 300. výročie narodenia Jana Amosa Komenského v časopise Dom a škola /

Creator:
Pšenák, Jozef,
Type:
text and studie
Subject:
Organizace výuky a vzdělávání, Noviny. Tisk. Žurnalistika, Komenský, Jan Amos,, Salva, Karol,, výročí, učitelé, časopisy, školství slovenské, zahraniční periodika a sborníky, Slovensko 1848-1918, Slovensko 1848-1914, školství, pedagogika, učitelé, péče o mládež, and novinářství, tisk
Language:
Slovak
Description:
300th anniversary of birth of Jan Amos Comenius in magazine Dom a škola (Home and School).
Rights:
unknown

308. 3D numerical model of the spherical particle saltation in a channel with a rough fixed bed

Creator:
Lukerchenko, Nikolay, Piatsevich, Siarhei, Chára, Zdeněk, and Vlasák, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
3D saltation model, bed-load transport, particle-bed collision, particle rotation, particle lateral dispersion, 3D model saltace, pohyb splavenin, kolise částice-dno, rotace částic, and příčná disperze částic
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The paper describes a 3D numerical model of the spherical particle saltation. Two stages of particle saltation were distinguished - the particle free motion in water and the particle-bed collision. The particle motion consists of the translational and rotational particle motion. A stochastic method of calculation of the particle-bed collision was developed. The collision height and the contact point were defined as random variables. Impulse equations were used and the translational and angular velocity components of the moving particle immediately after the collision were expressed as functions of the velocity components just before the collision. The dimensionless coefficients of the drag force and drag torque were determined as functions of both translational and rotational Reynolds numbers. The model is in good agreement with known experimental data. Examples of calculation of the particles’ lateral dispersion and the mean absolute values of the deviation angle of the particle trajectory are presented. and Studie popisuje 3D numerický model saltačního pohybu kulovité částice, v němž jsou uvažována dvě fáze saltačního pohybu - volný pohyb částice v proudící vodě a kolise částice se dnem. Model počítá s translačním i rotačním pohybem částice. Byla vyvinuta stochastická metoda výpočtu kolise částice se dnem. Kolizní výška a kontaktní bod byly definovány jako náhodné proměnné. Byla použita soustava momentových rovnic a složky translační a rotační rychlosti pohybující se částice po kolizi byly vyjádřeny jako funkce složek rychlosti těsně před kolizí. Bezrozměrné koeficienty odporu částice a odporu rotující částice byly určeny jako funkce translačního i rotačního Reynoldsova čísla částice. Výsledky modelu jsou v dobré shodě se známými experimentálními daty. Studie presentuje příklady výpočtu příčné disperze částice a střední absolutní hodnoty deviačního úhlu trajektorie částice.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

309. 3D numerical modeling of flow characteristics in an open channel having in-line circular vegetation patches with varying density under submerged and emergent flow conditions

Creator:
Tariq, Hasnain, Ghani, Usman, Anjum, Naveed, and Pasha, Ghufran Ahmed
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
vegetation patches, open channel, variable patch density, flow velocity, and turbulence
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In the marine ecological system, the prime role of water management and durability of an ecosystem is being played by the vegetation patches. The vegetation patches in open channels can significantly affect the flow velocity, discharge capacity and hinder energy fluxes, which ultimately helps in controlling catastrophic floods. In this study, the numerical simulation for turbulent flow properties, i.e. velocity distribution, Reynolds stresses and Turbulent Intensities (TI) near the circular vegetation patches with progressively increasing density, were performed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT. For examination of the turbulent flow features in the presence of circular patches with variable densities, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and Reynolds stress model (RSM) were employed. The numerical investigation was performed in the presence of in-line emergent and submerged patches having variable vegetation density in the downstream direction. Two of the cases were investigated with three circular patches having a clear gap to patch diameter ratio of La/D = 1 (where La is the clear spacing between the vegetation patches and D is the diameter of the circular patch), and the other two cases were analyzed with two patches having a clear gap ratio of La/D = 3. The case with a clear gap ratio (La/D = 3) showed 10.6% and 153% inflation in the magnitude of longitudinal velocity at the downstream of the sparse patch (aD = 0.8) and upstream of the dense patch (aD = 3.54), respectively (where aD is the flow blockage, in which “a” represents the patch frontal area and “D” represents the patch diameter). The velocity was reduced to 94% for emergent and 99% for submerged vegetation due to successive increase in vegetation density made by introducing a middle patch which reduced the clear gap ratio (La/D = 1). For La/D = 1, the longitudinal velocities at depth z = 15cm were increased by 319% than at depth z = 6cm at the downstream of the dense patch (aD = 3.54). Whereas it was observed to 365% higher in the case of La/D = 3. The magnitude of turbulent characteristics was observed 36% higher for submerged vegetation cases having a clear gap ratio of La/D = 1. The successive increase in the patch density reduced the Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent intensities significantly within the gap region. The major reduction in the flow velocities and turbulent properties in the gaps provides a stable environment for aquatic ecosystems nourishment and fosters sediment deposition, and supports further vegetation growth.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

314. 400. výročí narození J. A. Komenského :

Type:
text and sborníky konferenční
Subject:
Výchova a vzdělávání, Komenský, Jan Amos,, filozofové čeští, učitelé, oslavy, výročí, teologové jednoty bratrské, české (československé) sborníky a kolektivní monografie, české země 1526-1620, české země 1620-1740, and dějiny vědy, umění, kultury a techniky, kulturní vztahy
Language:
Czech and Slovak
Description:
Podnázev z obálky a z tiráže and Obálkový název: Sborník příspěvků o průběhu oslav 400. výročí narození J. A. Komenského 1592-1670
Rights:
unknown

319. 5. medzinárodný kongres o výskume uremického syndrómu a uremickej toxicity, 7. nefrologická konferencia baltických štátov. 18.-20. mája 2007, Sopot-Gdańsk (Poľská republika)

Creator:
Mydlík, Miroslav and Derzsiová, Katarína
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
uremie and hemolyticko-uremický syndrom
Language:
Czech and Slovak
Description:
Miroslav Mydlík, Katarína Derzsiová and Lit. 2
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

321. 5. mezinárodní sympozium k dějinám medicíny, farmacie a veterinární medicíny :

Type:
text, sborníky konferenční, and abstrakty
Subject:
Lékařské vědy. Lékařství, lékařství, farmacie, lékařství veterinární, české (československé) sborníky a kolektivní monografie, přehledná zpracování dějin českých zemí (chronologicky), and dějiny zdravotnictví, lékaři
Language:
Czech, English, German, and Slovak
Description:
Část. anglický, německý a slovenský text
Rights:
unknown

324. 50 let Indexu a Sixty-Eight Publishers :

Creator:
Přibáň, Michal,
Type:
text, sborníky jubilejní, and publikace jubilejní
Subject:
Polygrafie. Vydavatelství a knižní obchod, nakladatelství exilová, vydavatelství exilová, literatura česká, literatura slovenská, and české (československé) sborníky a kolektivní monografie
Language:
Czech and Slovak
Description:
Publikace se věnuje beletristické produkci exilových nakladatelství Index v Kolíně nad Rýnem a a Sixty-Eight Publishers v Torontu
Rights:
unknown

339. 70 rokov výučby geodézie a kartografie na Katedre geodézie Stavebnej fakulte STU v Bratislave /

Creator:
Ježko, Ján,
Subject:
geodézie, kartografie, školy vysoké, katedry vysokoškolské, Československo 1918-1992, školství, pedagogika, učitelé, péče o mládež, and historická geografie, kartografie a topografie
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The 70th Anniversary of the Teaching of Geodesy and Cartography at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Slovak Technical University (STU) in Bratislava.
Rights:
unknown

348. A calibration-free evapotranspiration mapping technique for spatially-distributed regional-scale hydrologic modeling

Creator:
Szilágyi, József and Kovács, Ákos
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
spatially distributed evapotranspiration, complementary relationship of Evaporation, MODIS data, priestorové rozdelenie evapotranspirácie, komplementárny vzťah pre evapotranspiráciu, and údaje MODIS
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Monthly evapotranspiration (ET) rates over Hungary for 2000-2008 are mapped at a spatial scale of about 1 km with the help of MODIS daytime land surface temperature as well as sunshine duration, air temperature and humidity data. Mapping is achieved by a linear transformation of MODIS daytime land surface temperature values employing the complementary relationship of evaporation. Validation of the ET rates has been performed at spatial scales spanning almost three magnitudes from a few hundred meters to about a hundred kilometers employing eddy-covariance (EC) measurements and catchment water balance closures. Typically the unbiased ET estimates are within 15 % of EC values at a monthly basis, within 7 % at an annual, and within only a few percent at a multi-year basis. The ET estimates yield an especially remarkable match (relative error of 0.2 %, R2 = 0.95) with high-tower EC measurements at a monthly basis. The spatial distribution of the ET estimates confirm earlier, complex regional hydrologic model results and observations as well as yields a perfect estimate of the country’s precipitation recycling index (the ratio of the multi-year mean ET and precipitation rates spatially aggregated for the whole country) of 89.2 % vs an observed value of 89.6 %. The CREMAP method is very simple, easy to implement, requires minimal data, calibration-free, and works accurately when conditions for the complementary relationship are met. and Pomocou údajov ročlenených podľa MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer), s využitím dennej povrchovej teploty, trvania slnečného svitu, teploty vzduchu a jeho vlhkosti boli zostrojené mapy mesačnej evapotranspirácie (ET) Maďarska pre roky 2000-2008 s priestorovým rozlíšením približne 1 km. Mapovanie bolo zrealizované lineárnou transformáciou MODIS dennej teploty povrchu s uvážením doplňujúceho vzťahu pre evapotranspiráciu CR, navrhnutou Bouchetom (1963). Výsledky dosiahnuté touto metódou boli verifikované v priestorovej mierke pokrývajúcej tri rády od niekoľkých stoviek metrov po stovky kilometrov, použijúc merania metódou pulzácií (eddy covariance, EC), a bilanciou vody v koncovom profile povodí. Typicky, hodnoty ET sú v medziach 15 % mesačných hodnôt EC a 7 % ročných hodnôt a len v medziach niekoľkých percent viacročných hodnôt evapotranspirácie, ktoré boli určené inými metódami. Hodnoty ET sú v dobrej zhode s výsledkami meraní ET na vysokej veži metódou EC (relatívna chyba 0.2 %, R2 = 0,95). Priestorové rozdelenia vypočítaných hodnôt ET potvrdzujú predchádzajúce výsledky modelovania regionálnymi modelmi, ako aj hodnoty indexu recyklácie zrážok krajiny (precipitation recycling index), čo je pomer mnohoročnej priemernej ET a zrážok agregovaných v krajine, s hodnotou 89,2 % vs pozorovaná hodnota 89,6 %. Metóda CREMAP je jednoduchá, ľahko implementovateľná, vyžaduje minimum vstupných hodnôt, nie je ju potrebné kalibrovať a keď sú splnené podmienky jej použiteľnosti, je aj dostatočne presná.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

349. A causal-mentalist view of propositions

Creator:
Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven B. and Franklin, James
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
propositions, causal-mentalist view, cluster analysis, game theory, perception algorithms, Platonism, and symbol grounding
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In order to fulfil their essential roles as the bearers of truth and the relata of logical relations, propositions must be public and shareable. That requirement has favoured Platonist and other non-mental views of them, despite the well-known problems of Platonism in general. Views that propositions are mental entities have correspondingly fallen out of favour, as they have difficulty in explaining how propositions could have shareable, objective properties. We revive a mentalist view of propositions, inspired by Artificial Intelligence work on perceptual algorithms, which shows how perception causes persistent mental entities with shareable properties that allow them to fulfil the traditional roles of (one core kind of) propositions. The clustering algorithms implemented in perception produce outputs which are (implicit) atomic propositions in different minds. Coordination of them across minds proceeds by game-theoretic processes of communication. The account does not rely on any unexplained notions such as mental content, representation, or correspondence (although those notions are applicable in philosophical analysis of the result).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

350. A combined CFD-experimental method for abrasive erosion testing of concrete

Creator:
Messa, Gianandrea Vittorio, Branco, Renan De Lima, Filho, José Gilberto Dalfré, and Malavasi, Stefano
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
abrasive erosion, computational fluid dynamics, concrete, experiments, and two-phase flow
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Serious damage may occur to concrete hydraulic structures, such as water galleries, spillways, and stilling basins, due to the abrasive erosion caused by the presence of solid particles in the flow. This underlines the importance of being capable in providing characterization of the concrete from the point of view of its vulnerability to abrasive erosion, in order to improve the design of the structure and the material selection. Nevertheless, the existing apparatus for concrete abrasive erosion testing are either far from allowing realistic simulation of the actual environment in which this phenomenon occurs, or show a large degree of complexity and cost. An alternative method has been developed with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD was first employed to verify the effectiveness of a new laboratory equipment. Afterwards, a parameter has been introduced which, by successful comparison against preliminary experiments, proved suitable to quantify the effect of the fluid dynamic conditions on the concrete abrasive erosion, thereby opening the way to CFD-based customization of the apparatus. In the future, the synergy of numerical and physical modelling will allow developing predictive models for concrete erosion, making it possible to reliably simulate real structures.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

351. A comparative study of friction factor correlations for high concentrate slurry flow in smooth pipes

Creator:
Assefa, K. M. and Kaushal, D. R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Bingham fluid, smooth pipe, laminar flow, turbulent flow, friction factor, Reynolds number, correlations, and statistical parameters
Language:
Slovak
Description:
A number of correlations for friction factor determinations in smooth pipes have been proposed in the past decades. The accuracy and applicability of these friction factor formulas should be examined. Based on this notion the paper is designed to provide a comparative study of friction factor correlations in smooth pipes for all flow regimes of Bingham fluids. Nine models were chosen. The comparisons of the selected equations with the existing experimental results, which are available in the literature, were expressed through MARE, MRE+ , MRE- , RMSE, Ѳ, and S. The statistical comparisons were also carried out using MSC and AIC. The analyses show that the Wilson-Thomas (1985) and Morrison (2013) models are best fit models to the experimental data for the Reynolds number up to 40000. Within this range, both models can be used alternately. But beyond this Re value the discrepancy of the Wilson-Thomas model is higher than the Morrison model. In view of the fact that the Morrison model requires fewer calculations and parameters as well as a single equation is used to compute the friction factor for all flow regimes, it is the authors’ advice to use this model for friction factor estimation for the flow of Bingham fluids in smooth pipes as an alternative to the Moody chart and other implicit formulae.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

352. A coupled impact of different management and soil moisture on yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in dry conditions at locality Mezőföld, Hungary

Creator:
Milics, Gabor
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
remote sensing, NDVI and moisture index, and variable rate application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizing
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Variable rate technology (VRT) in nutrient management has been developed in order to apply crop inputs according to the required amount of fertilizers. Meteorological conditions rarely differ within one field; however, differences in soil conditions responding to precipitation or evaporation results within field variations. These variations in soil properties such as moisture content, evapotranspiration ability, etc. requires site-specific treatments for the produced crops. There is an ongoing debate among experts on how to define management zones as well as how to define the required amount of fertilizers for phosphorus and nitrogen replenishment for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. For management zone delineation, vegetation based or soil based data collection is applied, where various sensor technology or remote sensing is in help for the farmers. and The objective of the study reported in this paper was to investigate the effect of soil moisture data derived from Sentinel-2 satellite images moisture index and variable rate phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer by means of variable rate application (VRA) in winter wheat in Mezőföld, Hungary. Satellite based moisture index variance at the time of sowing has been derived, calculated and later used for data comparison. Data for selected points showed strong correlation (R2 = 0.8056; n = 6) between moisture index and yield, however generally for the whole field correlation does not appear. Vegetation monitoring has been carried out by means of NDVI data calculation. On the field level, as indicated earlier neither moisture index values at sowing nor vegetation index data was sufficient to determine yield. Winter wheat production based on VRA treatment resulted significant increase in harvested crop: 5.07 t/h in 2013 compared to 8.9 t/ha in 2018. Uniformly managed (control) areas provided similar yield as VRA treated areas (8.82 and 8.9 t/ha, respectively); however, the input fertilizer was reduced by 108 kg/ha N and increased by 37 kg/ha P.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

354. A dilemma about the mental

Creator:
Dove, Guy and Elpidorou, Andreas
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
consciousness, materialism, mental, metaphysics, mind, physical, physicalism, reduction, and theory
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Physicalism demands an explication of what it means for something to be physical. But the most popular way of providing one—viz., characterizing the physical in terms of the postulates of a scientifically derived physical theory—is met with serious trouble. Proponents of physicalism can either appeal to current physical theory or to some future physical theory (preferably an ideal and complete one). Neither option is promising: currentism almost assuredly renders physicalism false and futurism appears to render it indeterminate or trivial. The purpose of this essay is to argue that attempts to characterize the mental encounter a similar dilemma: currentism with respect to the mental is likely to be inadequate or contain falsehoods and futurism leaves too many significant questions about the nature of mentality unanswered. This new dilemma, we show, threatens both sides of the current debate surrounding the metaphysical status of the mind.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

355. A family meal as fiction

Creator:
Corbí, Josep E.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fiction, genre, parenthetical, ritual, and theatricality
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Stacie Friend’s theory of fiction departs from those approaches that seek to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for a work to count as fiction. She argues that this goal cannot really be achieved; instead, she appeals to the notion of genre to distinguish between fiction and nonfiction. This notion is significantly more flexible, since it invites us to identify standard—but not necessary—and counter-standard features of works of fiction in light of our classificatory practices. More specifically, Friend argues that the genre of fiction has the genre of nonfiction—and only that genre—as its contrast class. I will refer to the particular way in which Friend elaborates this claim as the contrast view. I have, nevertheless, the impression that this view unnecessarily narrows down the array of perspectives and attitudes from which we can approach works of fiction. I will thus develop a line of reasoning to the effect that the contrast view should rather be construed as picking out a particular way of relating to works of fiction that lies at the end of a continuum defined by different degrees of reflectivity and estrangement. This implies that the contrast view is false as a general claim about how we experience works of fiction, even though this view may appropriately depict a specific way of approaching such works.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

356. A few comments on the Linda problem

Creator:
Olszewski, Adam
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
conjunction fallacy, cognitive psychology, conditional probability, and Linda problem
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This paper discusses an experiment in cognitive psychology called the Linda problem. Firstly, some natural conditions for the correctness of the interpretation of psychological experiments (such as the Linda problem) are formulated. The article is essentially a critique of the interpretation of the results of the Linda problem experiment provided by Kahneman and Tversky as well as – indirectly – their concept of heuristics. It is shown that the interpretation provided by Kahneman and Tversky does not meet the aforementioned conditions for correctness. The main argument is justified utilizing such rules of rationality as conditional probability and Grice’s conversational maxims. It is also pointed out that this argument can be reformulated in terms of the intuitive system of reasoning., Tento příspěvek pojednává o experimentu v kognitivní psychologii nazývaném problém Lindy. Za prvé jsou formulovány některé přírodní podmínky pro správnost interpretace psychologických experimentů (jako je problém Lindy). Článek je v podstatě kritikou interpretace výsledků problému Linda, který poskytli Kahneman a Tversky, stejně jako - nepřímo - jejich pojetí heuristiky. Ukazuje se, že výklad poskytnutý Kahnemanem a Tversky nesplňuje výše uvedené podmínky správnosti. Hlavní argument je odůvodněn použitím takových pravidel racionality jako podmíněné pravděpodobnosti a Griceho konverzačních maxim. Rovněž je zdůrazněno, že tento argument lze přeformulovat z hlediska intuitivního systému uvažování., and Adam Olszewski
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

357. A fluidized layer of granular material used for the separation of particulate impurities in drinking water treatment

Creator:
Pivokonský, Martin, Bubáková, Petra, Hnaťuková, Petra, and Knesl, Bohuslav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
aggregation, destabilization, fluidized layer, separation, water treatment, agregace, destabilizace, fluidní vrstva, separace, and úprava vody
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This paper deals with the application of a fluidized layer of granular material (FLGM) for the direct separation of destabilized impurities during drinking water treatment. Further, it investigates the effect of operation parameters (fluidized layer grain size, technological arrangement, velocity gradient, retention time, dosage of destabilisation reagent and temperature) on the aggregation and separation efficiency of the layer. The tests were carried out in a pilot plant scale. Aluminium sulphate was used as the destabilisation reagent. The highest separation efficiencies were achieved, when the particles entered the fluidized layer immediately after the dosing of the destabilisation reagent, when they had the lowest degree of aggregation. The separation efficiency (ϕ) also increased with increasing velocity gradient and the maximal value was reached at the velocity gradient of about 250 s-1. The most efficient separation of aluminium was achieved at 5 °C, but the effect of temperature on the efficiency of organic matter separation (ϕTOC) was not very significant. The maximal efficiency of separation on the layer grains reached the values ϕAl = 0.81 at the optimal dosage DAl = 1.55 mg L-1 and ϕTOC = 0.31 at the optimal dosage DAl = 2.36 mg L-1. The indisputable advantage of using FLGM for the separation of impurities is that they are intercepted on the layer grains in a form of solid, water-free shell (or coat) with the density of 2450 kg m-3, and there is no need to deal with the sludge dewatering. and Příspěvek se zabývá využitím fluidní vrstvy zrnitého materiálu (FLGM) pro přímou separaci destabilizovaných nečistot při úpravě vody a vlivem provozních parametrů (velikost zrn náplně, technologické uspořádání, gradient rychlosti, doba zdržení, dávka destabilizačního činidla, teplota) na agregační a separační účinnost vrstvy. Testy byly prováděny na poloprovozním modelu fluidní vrstvy. Jako destabilizační činidlo byl použit síran hlinitý. Nejvyšší separační účinnosti byly dosahovány, pokud částice nečistot vstupovaly do fluidní vrstvy bezprostředně po nadávkování destabilizačního činidla, kdy byl jejich stupeň agregace nejnižší. Separační účinnost (ϕ) se také zvyšovala s narůstající hodnotou gradientu rychlosti ve fluidní vrstvě a maximální hodnoty dosáhla při gradientu kolem 250 s-1. Hliník byl nejúčinněji separován při nízké teplotě (5 °C), nicméně na účinnost separace organických látek (ϕTOC) teplota příliš velký vliv neměla. Maximální účinnost separace na zrnech fluidní vrstvy dosáhla hodnot ϕAl = 0,81 při optimální dávce DAl = 1,55 mg L-1 a ϕTOC = 0,31 při optimální dávce DAl = 2,36 mg L-1. Nespornou výhodou využití fluidní vrstvy jako separačního prvku je skutečnost, že nečistoty jsou na zrnech FLGM zachycovány ve formě pevné skořápky (hustota 2450 kg m-3), která neobsahuje kapalnou vodu, a kal tudíž nemusí být odvodňován.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

358. A head loss model for homogeneous slurry transport for medium sized particles

Creator:
Miedema, Sape A.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
slurry transport, homogeneous transport, viscous sub layer, and mixing length
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Slurry transport in horizontal and vertical pipelines is one of the major means of transport of sands and gravels in the dredging industry. There exist 4 main flow regimes, the fixed or stationary bed regime, the sliding bed regime, the heterogeneous flow regime and the homogeneous flow regime. Of course the transitions between the regimes are not very sharp, depending on parameters like the particle size distribution. The focus in this paper is on the homogeneous regime. Often the so called equivalent liquid model (ELM) is applied, however many researchers found hydraulic gradients smaller than predicted with the ELM, but larger that the hydraulic gradient of liquid. Talmon (2011, 2013) derived a fundamental equation (method) proving that the hydraulic gradient can be smaller than predicted by the ELM, based on the assumption of a particle free viscous sub-layer. He used a 2D velocity distribution without a concentration distribution. In this paper 5 methods are described (and derived) to determine the hydraulic gradient in homogeneous flow, of which the last method is based on pipe flow with a concentration distribution. It appears that the use of von Driest (Schlichting, 1968) damping, if present, dominates the results, however applying a concentration distribution may neutralise this. The final equation contains both the damping and a concentration distribution giving the possibility to calibrate the constant in the equation with experimental data. The final equation is flexible and gives a good match with experimental results in vertical and horizontal pipelines for a value of ACv = 1.3. Data of horizontal experiments Dp = 0.05-0.30 m, d = 0.04 mm, vertical experiments Dp = 0.026 m, d = 0.125, 0.345, 0.560, and 0.750 mm.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

359. A hybrid modelling framework for forecasting monthly reservoir inflows

Creator:
Komorníková, Magda, Szolgay, Ján, Svetlíková, Danka, Szökeová, Danuša, and Jurčák, Stanislav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
time series, nonlinear time series models, SETAR model, mean monthly flow, hybrid forecasting, časové rady, nelineárne modely časových radov, model SETAR, priemerné mesačné prietoky, and hybridné modely
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The paper approaches problem of the flow forecasting for the Liptovska Mara reservoir with a hybrid modelling approach. The nonlinear hybrid modelling framework was investigated under the specific physiographic conditions of the High Core Mountains of Slovakia. The mean monthly flows of rivers used in this study are predominantly fed by snowmelt in the spring and convective precipitation in the summer. Therefore, their hydrological regime exhibits at least two clear seasonal patterns, which provide an intuitive justification for the application of nonlinear regime-switching time series models. Differences in the prevailing geology, orientation of slopes and their exposure to atmospheric circulation for the right and left-sided tributaries of the Vah River indicate that the hydrological regime of mean monthly discharge time series in this area with respect to seasonality and cyclicity may differ, too. Therefore, a simple deterministic water balance scheme was set up for estimating the reservoir inflow from the left and right-sided tributary flows separately. It consists of the linear combination of the measured tributary flows and estimated ungauged tributary flows. The contributions of the ungauged catchments were estimated from flows from gauged tributaries with similar physiographic conditions by weighting these by the ratio of the catchment areas. Separate nonlinear regime-switching time series models were identified for each gauged tributary. The forecasts of the tributaries were combined into a hybrid forecasting model by the water balance model. The performance of the combined forecast, which could better include the specific regime of the time series of tributaries, was compared with the single forecast of the overall reservoir inflow in several combinations. and V štúdii sme porovnávali kvalitu predpovede viacerých lineárnych a nelineárnych modelov časových radov pri predpovedaní prítokov do nádrže Liptovská Mara. Testovali sme výkonnosť modelov ARMA, SETAR na samotnej rieke Váh a v kombinácii jej prítokov do nádrže Liptovská Mara. Ďalej bol uplatnený jednoduchý deterministický model vodnej bilancie pre prítok do nádrže, ktorý pozostáva z lineárnej kombinácie meraných prietokov prítokov Váhu vážených plochou subpovodia. Výber analogónov sa vykonal vzhľadom na podobnosť fyzicko-geografických podmienok v meraných a nemeraných subpovodiach. Modely typu ARMA a SETAR boli zostavené pre každý prítok osobitne a predpovede prietokov na prítokoch boli skombinované modelom vodnej bilancie a do predpovede celkového prítoku do nádrže. Kombinovanú hybridnú predpoveď (stochasticko-deterministická), zachovávajúcu špecifický režim prítokov a vodnej bilancie v povodiach, sme porovnali s predpoveďou celkového prítoku do nádrže získanou pomocou modelov identifikovaných na hlavnom toku.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

360. A method for evaluation of suspension quality easy applicable to practice: the effect of mixing on floc properties

Creator:
Bubáková, Petra, Pivokonský, Martin, and Pivokonská, Lenka
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
aggregation, drinking water treatment, floc properties, flocculation, test of aggregation, agregace, flokulace, test agregace, úprava pitné vody, and vlastnosti agregátů
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The paper introduces the test of aggregation as a simple, inexpensive method of evaluating suspension quality during drinking water treatment, suitable for use in both laboratory and operation conditions. The procedure and derivation of the aggregation test is described. The method is used for a demonstration of the influence of mean velocity gradient and mixing time on floc properties formed during the aggregation in a Couette reactor. It was proved that with increasing velocity gradient, the size of the aggregates present in the suspension decreases, and the suspension is substantially more homogeneous than with use of lower gradients. Further, it was confirmed that the size of aggregates reaches the steady state after a specific mixing time, which becomes shorter with increasing value of velocity gradient. and Příspěvek představuje test agregace jako jednoduchou a levnou metodu stanovení kvality suspenze při úpravě vody vhodnou pro použití v laboratorních i provozních podmínkách. Je popsán metodický postup i odvození testu agregace. Metoda je použita pro hodnocení vlivu středního gradientu rychlosti a doby míchání na vlastnosti vytvářených agregátů (vloček) při agregaci v Couettově reaktoru. Bylo prokázáno, že se vzrůstajícím gradientem se snižuje velikost agregátů přítomných v suspenzi a suspenze je značně více homogenní než při použití nízkých gradientů rychlosti. Dále bylo potvrzeno, že velikost agregátů dosahuje po určité době míchání stabilní hodnoty. Čas pro dosažení tohoto ustáleného stavu se zkracuje s rostoucí hodnotou použitého gradientu.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

361. A minimalist framework for thought experiment analysis

Creator:
Picha, Marek
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
experimentalism, Galileo, minimalism, reconstruction, rescher, and thought experiments
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Thought experiments are frequently vague and obscure hypothetical scenarios that are difficult to assess. The paper proposes a simple model of thought experiments. In the first part, I introduce two contemporary frameworks for thought experiment analysis: an experimentalist approach that relies on similarities between real and thought experiment, and a reasonist approach focusing on the answers provided by thought experimenting. Further, I articulate a minimalist approach in which thought experiment is considered strictly as doxastic mechanism based on imagination. I introduce the basic analytical tool that allows us to differentiate an experimental core from an attached argumentation. The last section is reserved for discussion. I address several possible questions concerning adequacy of minimalistic definition and analysis., Myšlenkové experimenty jsou často vágní a temné hypotetické scénáře, které je těžké posoudit. Příspěvek navrhuje jednoduchý model myšlenkových experimentů. V první části představuji dva současné rámce pro analýzu myšlenkového experimentu: experimentistický přístup, který se opírá o podobnosti mezi skutečným a myšlenkovým experimentem a přístupem k rozumu, který se zaměřuje na odpovědi poskytované experimentováním s myšlenkami. Dále artikuluje minimalistický přístup, ve kterém je experiment experimentu považován za přísně doxastický mechanismus založený na představivosti. Představuji základní analytický nástroj, který nám umožňuje odlišit experimentální jádro od připojené argumentace. Poslední sekce je vyhrazena k diskusi. Zabývám se několika možnými otázkami týkajícími se přiměřenosti minimalistické definice a analýzy., and Marek Picha
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

362. A modification of predictive three-component model for turbulent flows of complex slurries in pipelines based on experimental results

Creator:
Kesely, Mikolas
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
non-Newtonian, suspension, turbulence, complex slurries, tailings, and heterogeneous
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The paper describes a mathematical and physical modelling of flow of complex slurries in pipelines, i.e. a flow of slurries composed of solids covering a very broad range of particle sizes that overlaps more than one flow patterns – non-Newtonian, pseudohomogeneous, heterogeneous and fully-stratified. A typical examples are residual products (“tailings”) from mining industry with normal average particle sizes of 20 to 100 μm or more. Experimental results of flows of complex slurries composing of non-Newtonian carrier fluid and three fractions of glass particles in 50 mm pipe are presented. Depending on the particle size, particles show different flow patterns and therefore considerable differences in pressure drops. Fine particles tend behave as a homogeneous matter, while coarser particles exhibit heterogeneous behaviour and even coarser particles form a sliding bed. A mathematical 3-component predictive model for turbulent flow of complex slurries is presented based on well-established semi-empirical formulae developed originally for flows with Newtonian carrier. The predicted values of pressure drops show very reasonable agreement with experimental results and indicate suitability of the model for engineering practice.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

363. A modified hydrodynamic model for routing unsteady flow in a river having piedmont zone

Creator:
Patowary, Sudarshan and Sarma, Arup Kumar
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
groundwater flow, numerical modeling, piedmont zone, Green-Ampt. Equation, and surface water equation
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Existence of piedmont zone in a river bed is a critical parameter from among numerous variations of topographical, geological and geographical conditions that can significantly influence the river flow scenario. Downstream flow situation assessed by routing of upstream hydrograph may yield higher flow depth if existence of such high infiltration zone is ignored and therefore it is a matter of concern for water resources planning and flood management. This work proposes a novel modified hydrodynamic model that has the potential to accurately determine the flow scenario in presence of piedmont zone. The model has been developed using unsteady free surface flow equations, coupled with Green-Ampt infiltration equation as governing equation. For solution of the governing equations Beam and Warming implicit finite difference scheme has been used. The proposed model was first validated from the field data of Trout Creek River showing excellent agreement. The validated model was then applied to a hypothetical river reach commensurate with the size of major tributaries of Brahmaputra Basin of India. Results indicated a 10% and 14% difference in the maximum value of discharge and depth hydrograph in presence and absence of piedmont zone respectively. Overall this model was successfully used to accurately predict the effect of piedmont zone on the unsteady flow in a river.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

364. A Multi-model assessment of climate change impact on hydrological regime in the Czech Republic

Creator:
Hanel, Martin, Vizina, Adam, Máca, Petr, and Pavlásek, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
climate change, multi-model assessment, Czech Republic, runoff, změna klimatu, hydrologický režim, and Česká republika
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In present paper we assess the climate change impact on mean runoff between the periods 1961-1990 (control period) and 2070-2099 (scenario period) in the Czech Republic. Hydrological balance is modelled with a conceptual hydrological model BILAN at 250 catchments of different sizes and climatic conditions. Climate change scenarios are derived using simple delta approach, i.e. observed series of precipitation, temperature and relative air humidity are perturbed in order to give the same changes between the control and scenario period as in the ensemble of 15 transient regional climate model (RCM) simulations. The parameters of the hydrological model are for each catchment estimated using observed data. These parameters are subsequently used to derive discharge series under climate change conditions for each RCM simulation. Although the differences in the absolute values of the changes in runoff are considerable, robust patterns of changes can be identified. The majority of the scenarios project an increase in winter runoff in the northern part of the Czech Republic, especially at catchments with high elevation. The scenarios also agree on a decrease in spring and summer runoff in most of the catchments. and V článku předkládáme výsledky modelování změn hydrologického režimu v důsledku změn klimatu mezi časovými obdobími 1961-1990 a 2070-2099 podle souboru patnácti regionálních klimatických modelů pro 250 povodí v České republice. Hydrologická bilance byla modelována pomocí konceptuálního hydrologického modelu BILAN. Časové řady ovlivněné změnou klimatu byly získány jednoduchou přírůstkovou metodou, tj. pozorované časové řady srážek, teplot a vlhkostí vzduchu (vstupy do modelu BILAN) byly opraveny pro každou simulaci pomocí přírůstkových faktorů tak, aby měsíční změny těchto veličin byly stejné jako podle uvažované simulace klimatického modelu. Hydrologický model je nakalibrován s využitím pozorovaných dat, identifikované parametry jsou následně využity pro simulaci hydrologické bilance pro řady ovlivněné klimatickou změnou. Základní podstata možných změn hydrologické bilance na území České republiky vyplývá z projekcí srážek a teplot pro Evropu, tj. postupné zvyšování teplot během celého roku a pokles letních, růst zimních a stagnace ročních srážek. V období od začátku podzimu do začátku léta dochází k růstu srážek, jenž je doprovázen řádově stejným růstem územního výparu způsobeným růstem teplot. V letním období dochází k poklesu srážek a v důsledku úbytku zásob vody v povodí nemůže docházet k výraznému zvyšování územního výparu. Důležitým faktorem ovlivňující změny odtoku je posun doby tání v důsledku vyšší teploty přibližně z dubna na leden-únor. Změny odtoku v období leden-květen jsou tedy dominantně určeny právě odlišnou dynamikou sněhové zásoby, změny v letním období zejména úbytkem srážek. Výsledné odhady změn odtoku jsou zatíženy značnou nejistotou, nicméně lze identifikovat robustní jevy společné pro řadu simulací. Jak ukazují výsledky, na většině modelovaných povodí je pokles odtoků v období od dubna do října společný valné většině modelů. Na druhé straně, růst odtoku v zimních měsících je značně nejistý. S tím souvisí i nejistota spojená se změnami roční bilance odtoků.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

365. A multi-parameter calibration method for the numerical simulation of morphodynamic problems

Creator:
Evangelista, Stefania, Giovinco, Gaspare, and Kocaman, Selahattin
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
optimization, calibration, multi-parameter, numerical models, morphodynamic models, and dike erosion
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Calibration of parameters of mathematical models is still a tough task in several engineering problems. Many of the models adopted for the numerical simulations of real phenomena, in fact, are of empirical derivation. Therefore, they include parameters which have to be calibrated in order to correctly reproduce the physical evidence. Thus, the success of a numerical model application depends on the quality of the performed calibration, which can be of great complexity, especially if the number of parameters is higher than one. Calibration is traditionally performed by engineers and researchers through manual trial-and-error procedures. However, since models themselves are increasingly sophisticated, it seems more proper to look at more advanced calibration procedures. In this work, in particular, an optimization technique for a multi-parameter calibration is applied to a two-phase depth-averaged model, already adopted in previous works to simulate morphodynamic processes, such as, for example, the dike erosion by overtopping.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

366. A new method for extracting spanwise vortex from 2D particle image velocimetry data in open-channel flow

Creator:
Zhang, Peng, Yang, Shengfa, Hu, Jiang, Li, Wenjie, Fu, Xuhui, and Li, Danxun
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cortex identification, spanwise vortex, vorticity filtering, and open-channel flow
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) data are inevitably contaminated by noise due to various imperfections in instrumentation or algorithm, based on which the well-established vortex identification methods often yield noise or incomplete vortex structure with a jagged boundary. To make up this deficiency, a novel method was proposed in this paper and the efficiency of the new method was demonstrated by its applications in extracting the twodimensional spanwise vortex structures from 2D PIV data in open-channel flows. The new method takes up a single vortex structure by combining model matching and vorticity filtering, and successfully locates the vortex core and draws a streamlined vortex boundary. The new method shows promise as being more effective than commonly used schemes in open-channel flow applications.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

367. A new small-scale experimental device for testing backward erosion piping

Creator:
Petrula, Lubomír and Říha, Jaromír
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
backward erosion piping, seepage, experimental research, and critical hydraulic gradient
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Backward erosion piping is driven by seepage forces acting on the soil grains at the downstream end of the seepage path. A new device for the laboratory testing of backward erosion progression was developed and tested. The device consists of a plexiglass prism at which the seepage path has been predefined. The prism was equipped with an inflow consisting of gravel separated from tested sand by a strainer. The hydraulic gradient along the seepage pipe was observed by a set of piezometers and pressure cells, and the seepage discharge was measured volumetrically. The transported sediment was trapped in a vertical cone located downstream from the device. The progression of the seepage path, the piezometric heads and the trapped material was observed by two synchronous cameras. 15 trial tests have been carried out to date, and from these, the interim results are presented.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

368. A non-linear rainfall-runoff model with a sigmoid gain factor to simulate flow frequency distribution curves for Amazon catchments

Creator:
Vinagre, Marco Valério A., Blanco, Claudio J. C., and Amarante Mesquita, André L.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hydrological modeling, flow frequency distribution curves, Amazon small catchments, hydrologické modelovanie, čiara rozdelenia prietokov, and malé povodia riekyAmazonka
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The objective of this paper is to simulate flow frequency distribution curves for Amazon catchments with the aim of scaling power generation from small hydroelectric power plants. Thus, a simple nonlinear rainfall-runoff model was developed with sigmoid-variable gain factor due to the moisture status of the catchment, which depends on infiltration, and is considered a factor responsible for the nonlinearity of the rainfall-runoff process. Data for a catchment in the Amazon was used to calibrate and validate the model. The performance criteria adopted were the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (R²), the RMS, the Q95% frequency flow percentage error, and the mean percentage errors ranging from Q5% to Q95%.. Calibration and validation showed that the model satisfactorily simulates the flow frequency distribution curves. In order to find the shortest period of rainfall-runoff data, which is required for applying the model, a sensitivity analysis was performed whereby rainfall and runoff data was successively reduced by 1 year until a 1.5-year model application minimum period was found. This corresponds to one hydrological year plus the 6-month long ''memory''. This analysis evaluates field work in the ungauged sites of the region. and Cieľom tohto príspevku je simulácia čiar rozdelenia prietokov pre povodia rieky Amazonka pre potreby hodnotenia premeny energie v malých hydroelektrárňach. Preto bol vyvinutý jednoduchý nelineárny zrážko-odtokový model so sigmoidálne sa meniacim zdrojovým faktorom v závislosti od obsahu vody v povodí, ktorý závisí od infiltrácie a je považovaný za faktor, spôsobujúci nelinearitu zrážkoodtokových procesov. Pre kalibráciu a validizáciu modelu boli použité údaje z povodí rieky Amazonka. Použili sme tieto hodnotiace kritériá: Nashov-Sutcliffov koeficient (R²), RMS, Q95%, chyba určenia odtoku v percentách, a priemerná percentuálna chyba v rozsahu od Q5% do Q95%. Kalibrácia a validizácia ukázala, že model simuluje čiary rozdelenia prietokov uspokojivo. Aby bolo možné nájsť najkratšie obdobie pre nájdenia závislosti zrážky - odtok, ktorá je potrebná pre aplikáciu v modeli, použili sme citlivostnú analýzu tak, že údaje zrážky - odtok boli postupne redukované o jeden rok, až kým nebolo nájdené minimálne obdobie pre aplikáciu vzťahu zrážky - odtok 1,5 roka. Toto obdobie zodpovedá jednému hydrologickému roku, plus 6 mesiacov dlhá ''pamäť''. Touto analýzou boli vyhodnotené výsledky terénnych meraní v oblastiach, kde neboli k dispozícii merania odtoku.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

369. A note on integral vortex strength

Creator:
Kolář, Václav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
circulation, unsteady Taylor vortex, vortex intensity, vortex strength, vorticity, vorticity decomposition, cirkulace, nestacionární Taylorův vír, intenzita víru, síla víru, vířivost, and rozklad vířivosti
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Controversial aspects of the conventional and widely used concept of the integral vortex strength are briefly discussed. The strength of a vortex is usually calculated as the circulation along the vortex boundary, or equivalently due to Green’s theorem, as the surface integral of vorticity over the planar vortex cross section. However, the local effect of an arbitrary ''superimposed shear'' is fully absorbed by vorticity what makes the circulation a shear-biased vortex characteristic. The present paper shows that different vortexstrength models can be derived on the basis of different local vortex intensities proposed in the literature. The outcome of these models naturally differs, even for an ideally axisymmetric vortex. Three different vortex-strength models are compared and discussed by examining the unsteady Taylor vortex. and V práci jsou stručně diskutovány sporné stránky konvenčního a široce užívaného pojetí integrální síly víru. Síla víru je obvykle počítána jako cirkulace podél hranice víru nebo ekvivalentně podle Greenovy věty jako plošný integrál vířivosti přes příčný rovinný řez vírem. Lokální efekt libovolného ''superponovaného smyku'' je však plně absorbován vířivostí, což činí z cirkulace smykově zkreslenou vírovou charakteristiku. Tento článek ukazuje, že lze odvodit různé modely síly víru na základě různých lokálních intenzit víru navržených v odborné literatuře. Výsledky těchto modelů se přirozeně liší, dokonce i pro ideálně osově symetrický vír. Na podkladě zkoumání nestacionárního Taylorova víru jsou porovnány a diskutovány tři různé modely síly víru.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

370. A note on plural logic

Creator:
Fernandéz Díez, Gustavo
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
compound terms, itemized predication, singular logic, and plural logic
Language:
Slovak
Description:
A distinction is introduced between itemized and non-itemized plural predication. It is argued that a full-fledged system of plural logic is not necessary in order to account for the validity of inferences concerning itemized collective predication. Instead, it is shown how this type of inferences can be adequately dealt with in a first-order logic system, after small modifications on the standard treatment. The proposed system, unlike plural logic, has the advantage of preserving completeness. And as a result, inferences such as ''Dick and Tony emptied the bottle, hence Tony and Dick emptied the bottle'' are shown to be first-order., Rozlišování se zavádí mezi rozčleněným množstvím a nerozdělením množných predikcí. Tvrdí se, že plnohodnotný systém pluralitní logiky není nutný pro to, aby bylo možné zohlednit platnost závěrů týkajících se skupinového predikce. Místo toho je ukázáno, jak lze tento typ závěrů adekvátně řešit v logickém systému prvního řádu, po malých úpravách standardního zpracování. Navrhovaný systém, na rozdíl od množné logiky, má výhodu zachování úplnosti. Výsledkem je, že závěry jako ,,Dick a Tony vyprázdnili láhev, proto Tony a Dick vyprázdnili láhev''., and Gustavo Fernandéz Díez
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

371. A novel fuzzy clustering approach to regionalise watersheds with an automatic determination of optimal number of clusters

Creator:
Senent-Aparicio, Javier, Soto, Jesús, Pérez-Sánchez, Julio, and Garrido, Jorge
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
fuzzy Clustering;, regionalisation, Alto Genil, hydrological homogeneity, and regional flood frequency analysis
Language:
Slovak
Description:
One of the most important problems faced in hydrology is the estimation of flood magnitudes and frequencies in ungauged basins. Hydrological regionalisation is used to transfer information from gauged watersheds to ungauged watersheds. However, to obtain reliable results, the watersheds involved must have a similar hydrological behaviour. In this study, two different clustering approaches are used and compared to identify the hydrologically homogeneous regions. Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM), which is widely used for regionalisation studies, needs the calculation of cluster validity indices in order to determine the optimal number of clusters. Fuzzy Minimals algorithm (FM), which presents an advantage compared with others fuzzy clustering algorithms, does not need to know a priori the number of clusters, so cluster validity indices are not used. Regional homogeneity test based on L-moments approach is used to check homogeneity of regions identified by both cluster analysis approaches. The validation of the FM algorithm in deriving homogeneous regions for flood frequency analysis is illustrated through its application to data from the watersheds in Alto Genil (South Spain). According to the results, FM algorithm is recommended for identifying the hydrologically homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

372. A novel H-shape fishway with excellent hydraulic characteristics

Creator:
Zhang, Di, Liu, Chunming, Shi, Xiaotao, Liu, Yakun, and Qu, Yingmin
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hydraulic characteristics, vertical-slot fishway, H-shape fishway, T-shape fishway, turbulent kinetic energy, and K-Omega-SST turbulence model
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Fishway design not only takes into account the swimming abilities of target fishes, but also considers the hydrodynamic characteristics within the fishway. In this study, the flow fields of one vertical-slot fishway (i.e. VSF), five T-shape fishways (i.e. TSF-1~TSF-5) and two H-shape fishways (i.e. HSF-1 and HSF-2) are numerically simulated by solving the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the K-Omega-SST turbulence model. The numerical results clearly indicate that the hydrodynamic properties of HSF-2 are overall superior to the remaining seven cases, in terms of the time-averaged flow pattern, the time-averaged velocity magnitude, the depth-mean timeaveraged velocity magnitude along the vertical-slot section, the volume percentages of the time-averaged velocity magnitude less than some critical values, and the distribution of the time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy. Therefore, HSF-2 is more friendly for fishes with relatively smaller sizes and weaker swimming capacities to transfer upstream. The novel HSF-2 is firstly proposed in this paper, and it is naturally designed during the process of improving the flow regime. Furthermore, the generalizability of the superiority of HSF-2 over VSF and the original T-shape fishway (i.e. TSF-1) has been exhibited with the aid of the numerical results of four operating conditions (i.e. Q = 400 L/s, 600 L/s, 800 L/s and 1000 L/s).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

373. A novel reading of Thomas Nagel’s “Challenge” to physicalism

Creator:
Tümkaya, Serdal
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
folk psychology, Nagel, objective phenomenology, physicalism, and science of consciousness
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In passing remarks, some commentators have noted that for Nagel, physicalism is true. It has even been argued that Nagel seeks to find the best path to follow to achieve future physicalism. I advance these observations by adding that for Nagel, we should discuss the consciousness problem not in terms of physical and mental issues but in terms of our desire to include consciousness in an objective/scientific account, and we can achieve this only by revising our self-conception, i.e., folk psychology, to develop a more detached view of experience. Through the project of objective phenomenology, Nagel aims to achieve some sort of objective, detached, and scientific explanation of the subjective nature of experience. This project seeks to make the truth of physicalism intelligible and consciousness more amenable to scientific study, potentially raising an even broader concept than the one physicalism originally proposes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

374. A numerical investigation of a buoyancy driven flow in a semi-porous cavity: comparative effects of ramped and isothermal wall conditions

Creator:
Chandran, Pallath, Sacheti, Nirmal C., and Singh, Ashok K.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
rectangular cavity, free convection, brinkman model, coupled flow, ramped boundary condition, and numerical solution
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Steady two-dimensional natural convection taking place in a rectangular cavity, partially filled with an isotropic porous material, has been investigated numerically using an ADI method. It is assumed that one of the vertical walls of the cavity has a ramped temperature distribution. The vorticity-stream function formulation has been used to solve the set of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flows in the clear region and the adjoining porous region. The effects of Darcy number and Rayleigh number have been discussed in detail.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

375. A numerical study of pressure changes in dead-end pores

Creator:
Fathaddin, Muhammad Taufiq, Awang, Mariyamni B., and Ardjani, Karnata
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dead-end pore, porous media, source, sink, mŕtve póry, pórovité prostredie, zdroj, and odber
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Dead-end pores are usually present in natural porous media especially in consolidated sandstone and limestone rocks. However, the presence of the dead-end pores is usually ignored. Then, the influences of the dead end pores to the flow system are also neglected. In this paper, pressure changes for the periods of transient and steady state of the dead-end pores are studied using lattice gas automata model. A simulation result is compared with the past works. They show that the model is viable to perform simulation of deadend pore pressure. Some parameters such as pressure distribution and size of neck and body of the dead-end pores are varied to examine their effects. We found that the parameters affect the rate of pressure change during transient period. In addition, the parameters also affect the pressure fluctuation during steady state period. The dead-end pores have function either as source or sink in the transient period depend on initial and injection pressures. During steady state period, the dead-end pores behave both as source and sink since the pressure in the pores fluctuates around an equilibrium pressure between the pressure of dead-end pore and that of main channel at the neck position of dead-end pore. and Takzvané mŕtve póry (neprietočné póry) sa často nachádzajú v prírodných pórovitých prostrediach, predovšetkým v skonsolidovaných pieskovcoch a vo vápencoch. Obvykle sa ich existencii nevenuje pozornosť. Pozornosť sa nevenuje ani ich vplyvu na prúdenie v tomto systéme. V tomto príspevku sú študované zmeny tlaku v mŕtvych póroch počas neustáleného a ustáleného prúdenia s použitím ''lattice gas automata'' modelu. Výsledky simulácie sme porovnali s predchádzajúcimi prácami. Výsledky naznačujú, že tento model je vhodný na simuláciu zmien tlakov v mŕtvych póroch. Vplyv niektorých parametrov, ako je rozdelenie tlakov a tvary ''krčkov'' (spojovacích pórov) ako aj mŕtvych pórov boli menené tak, aby sme mohli pozorovať ich vplyv na prúdenie. Zistili sme, že tieto parametre ovplyvňujú rýchlosť zmien tlakov počas neustáleného prúdenia. Navyše sme zistili, že tieto parametre ovplyvňujú fluktuáciu tlakov počas ustáleného prúdenia. Mŕtve póry môžu počas neustáleného prúdenia fungovať ako zdroje alebo odbery, v závislosti od počiatočného, alebo ''plniaceho'' tlaku. Počas ústáleného prúdenia sa mŕtve póry správajú ako zdroje alebo aj odbery, pretože tlak v póroch fluktuuje okolo rovnovážneho tlaku medzi tlakom v mŕtvych póroch a hlavným kanálom v závislosti od vlastností ''krčku'' mŕtveho póru.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

376. A pessimistic induction against scientific antirealism

Creator:
Park, Seungbae
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
pessimistic induction, scientific antirealism, and success of science
Language:
Slovak
Description:
There are nine antirealist explanations of the success of science in the literature. I raise difficulties against all of them except the latest one, and then construct a pessimistic induction that the latest one will turn out to be problematic because its eight forerunners turned out to be problematic. This pessimistic induction is on a par with the traditional pessimistic induction that successful present scientific theories will be revealed to be false because successful past scientific theories were revealed to be false., V literatuře existuje devět antirealistických vysvětlení úspěchu vědy. Vyvolávám obtíže proti všem, s výjimkou posledního, a pak buduji pesimistickou indukci, že poslední z nich bude problematická, protože osm předchůdců se ukázalo jako problematické. Tato pesimistická indukce je na stejné úrovni s tradiční pesimistickou indukcí, že úspěšné současné vědecké teorie budou odhaleny jako nepravdivé, protože úspěšné minulé vědecké teorie byly odhaleny jako nepravdivé., and Seungbae Park
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

377. A reason to avoid the causal construal of dispositional explanations

Creator:
Gurova, Lilia
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dispositions, dispositional explanations, extra-inferences, non-causal construal of dispositions, surplus meaning, and trait explanations in psychology
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Those who argue that dispositional explanations are genuine explanations usually construe them as causal explanations. There are several well-known arguments against the causal efficacy of dispositions, but there are as well demonstrations that on some minimal conditions, dispositions could be viewed as causally relevant to the effects which they are taken to explain. Although the latter position is generally tenable, it may be shown that in some important cases it is not a good idea to commit to a causal construal of dispositional explanations. The argument goes as follows: (1) Dispositional explanations are valued for certain specific extra-inferences which they allow us to draw; (2) The causal construal of dispositional explanations can account for some of these extra-inferences only on the assumption that the disposition is a common cause of its manifestations; (3) However, under certain circumstances, the common cause assumption is refuted on theoretical or empirical grounds; Therefore, (4) under certain circumstances, the causal construal of dispositional explanations cannot account for what these explanations are valued for. The latter conclusion is a reason to argue that in some cases at least, the causal construal of dispositional explanations should be avoided., Ti, kteří tvrdí, že dispoziční vysvětlení jsou skutečná vysvětlení, je obvykle považují za kauzální vysvětlení. Existuje několik dobře známých argumentů proti kauzální účinnosti dispozic, ale jsou zde také demonstrace, že za určitých minimálních podmínek lze dispozice považovat za kauzálně relevantní vzhledem k účinkům, které mají být vysvětleny. I když je tato pozice obecně udržitelná, může být prokázáno, že v některých důležitých případech není dobré zavázat se k příčinnému konstruktivnímu vysvětlení. Argument jde následovně: (1) Dispoziční vysvětlení jsou oceňována pro určité specifické extra-závěry, které nám umožňují kreslit; (2) Kauzální konstrukční dispoziční vysvětlení může vysvětlit některé z těchto extra-dedukcí pouze za předpokladu, že dispozice je společnou příčinou jejích projevů; (3) Za určitých okolností je však předpoklad společné příčiny vyvrácen z teoretických nebo empirických důvodů; Proto (4) za určitých okolností nemůže kauzální konstrukční vysvětlení vysvětlení vysvětlit, za co jsou tato vysvětlení oceňována. Tento závěr je důvodem pro tvrzení, že v některých případech je třeba se vyhnout kauzálnímu konstrukčnímu vykládání vysvětlení. kauzální konstruktivní vysvětlení nemůže vysvětlit, za co jsou tato vysvětlení oceňována. Tento závěr je důvodem pro tvrzení, že v některých případech je třeba se vyhnout kauzálnímu konstrukčnímu vykládání vysvětlení. kauzální konstruktivní vysvětlení nemůže vysvětlit, za co jsou tato vysvětlení oceňována. Tento závěr je důvodem pro tvrzení, že v některých případech je třeba se vyhnout kauzálnímu konstrukčnímu vykládání vysvětlení., and Lilia Gurova
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

378. A regional comparative analysis of empirical and theoretical flood peak-volume relationships

Creator:
Szolgay, Ján, Gaál, Ladislav, Bacigál, Tomáš, Kohnová, Silvia, Hlavčová, Kamila, Výleta, Roman, Parajka, Juraj, and Blöschl, Günter
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
flood types, regionalisation, flood peaks, flood volumes; copulas, copulas, goodness-of-fit, and comparative hydrology
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This paper analyses the bivariate relationship between flood peaks and corresponding flood event volumes modelled by empirical and theoretical copulas in a regional context, with a focus on flood generation processes in general, the regional differentiation of these and the effect of the sample size on reliable discrimination among models. A total of 72 catchments in North-West of Austria are analysed for the period 1976-2007. From the hourly runoff data set, 25 697 flood events were isolated and assigned to one of three flood process types: synoptic floods (including long- and short-rain floods), flash floods or snowmelt floods (both rain-on-snow and snowmelt floods). The first step of the analysis examines whether the empirical peak-volume copulas of different flood process types are regionally statistically distinguishable, separately for each catchment and the role of the sample size on the strength of the statements. The results indicate that the empirical copulas of flash floods tend to be different from those of the synoptic and snowmelt floods. The second step examines how similar are the empirical flood peak-volume copulas between catchments for a given flood type across the region. Empirical copulas of synoptic floods are the least similar between the catchments, however with the decrease of the sample size the difference between the performances of the process types becomes small. The third step examines the goodness-of-fit of different commonly used copula types to the data samples that represent the annual maxima of flood peaks and the respective volumes both regardless of flood generating processes (the traditional engineering approach) and also considering the three process-based classes. Extreme value copulas (Galambos, Gumbel and Hüsler-Reiss) show the best performance both for synoptic and flash floods, while the Frank copula shows the best performance for snowmelt floods. It is concluded that there is merit in treating flood types separately when analysing and estimating flood peak-volume dependence copulas; however, even the enlarged dataset gained by the process-based analysis in this study does not give sufficient information for a reliable model choice for multivariate statistical analysis of flood peaks and volumes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

379. A revisionary view of texts, textual meaning, and fictional characters

Creator:
Pettersson, Anders
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fictional characters, John Searle, Roy Harris, textual meaning, and the ontology of texts
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Using ideas from John Searle, Roy Harris, Michael Reddy, and Nelson Goodman, I argue that texts, such as they are commonly conceived, lack brute existence. The common idea of texts is a conceptual construction which is useful in practical everyday contexts but not in serious theorizing, where it creates illusions and contradictions. One of these illusions is the idea of an objective textual meaning, a meaning which is ''in the text'': what we actually have in the way of textual meaning are the ideas of various persons – authors, readers, and commentators – about the meaning of the text. When applied to fictional characters, this way of viewing things explains why it makes sense to regard fictional characters as being created and as lacking brute existence., Použitím nápadů od Johna Searleho, Roy Harris, Michaela Reddyho a Nelsona Goodmana, tvrdím, že texty, tak jak jsou běžně koncipovány, postrádají hrubou existenci. Společná myšlenka textů je koncepční konstrukce, která je užitečná v praktických každodenních kontextech, ale ne ve vážném teoretizování, kde vytváří iluze a protiklady. Jednou z těchto iluzí je myšlenka objektivního textuálního významu, významu, který je "v textu": to, co vlastně máme ve způsobu textuálního významu, jsou myšlenky různých osob - autorů, čtenářů a komentátorů - o významu textu. Při použití na fiktivní postavy vysvětluje tento způsob prohlížení věci, proč má smysl považovat fiktivní postavy za vytvořené a chybějící hrubou existenci., and Anders Pettersson
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

380. A stochastic approach to the operative control of flood flows through a reservoir

Creator:
Jaroš, Lubomír, Starý, Miloš, and Březková, Lucie
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
operative control of reservoir, artificial intelligence, fuzzy inference system, neural networks, stochastic forecast, stochastic control of reservoir, and principle of adaptation
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The contribution focuses on the design of a control algorithm aimed at the operative control of runoff water from a reservoir during flood situations. Management is based on the stochastically specified forecast of water inflow into the reservoir. From a mathematical perspective, the solved task presents the control of a dynamic system whose predicted hydrological input (water inflow) is characterised by significant uncertainty. The algorithm uses a combination of simulation model data, in which the position of the bottom outlets is sought via nonlinear optimisation methods, and artificial intelligence methods (adaptation and fuzzy model). The task is written in the technical computing language MATLAB using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

381. A system-theory-based model for monthly river runoff forecasting: model calibration and optimization

Creator:
Wu, Jianhua, Qian, Hui, Li, Peiyue, and Song, Yanxun
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
system theory, river runoff, weight function, frequency analysis, and uncertainty
Language:
Slovak
Description:
River runoff is not only a crucial part of the global water cycle, but it is also an important source for hydropower and an essential element of water balance. This study presents a system-theory-based model for river runoff forecasting taking the Hailiutu River as a case study. The forecasting model, designed for the Hailiutu watershed, was calibrated and verified by long-term precipitation observation data and groundwater exploitation data from the study area. Additionally, frequency analysis, taken as an optimization technique, was applied to improve prediction accuracy. Following model optimization, the overall relative prediction errors are below 10%. The system-theory-based prediction model is applicable to river runoff forecasting, and following optimization by frequency analysis, the prediction error is acceptable.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

382. A two-zone model for longitudinal dispersion in channels with idealized pools nd riffles

Creator:
Valentine, Eric M., Zulfiqar, Ali, and Swailes, David C.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dispersion, open-channel flow, dead zones, pools and riffles, numerical model, disperze, proudění v otevřených korytech, mrtvé zóny, tůně a prahy, and numerický model
Language:
Slovak
Description:
A one-dimensional two-zone mathematical model, comprising a pair of advection-dispersion equations coupled by a mass exchange term, is proposed to study longitudinal dispersion in channels with sequences of pools and riffles. An implicit finite-difference numerical scheme is employed, and its effectiveness is assessed with reference to known analytical solutions. Moreover, sets of longitudinal dispersion experiments were performed on various simple geometries of sequences of pools and riffles developed in a laboratory flume. The results were compared with corresponding numerical solutions to calibrate the two-zone model. and Pro studium podélné disperze v korytech s opakující se soustavou tůní a prahů byl navržen jednorozměrný dvouzónový matematický model. Model zahrnuje dvojici rovnic pro advektivní disperzi doplněných výrazem pro přenos hmoty. Byl použit implicitní model konečných diferencí a jeho vhodnost ověřena porovnáním se známým analytickým řešením. Navíc, v laboratorním žlabu byla provedena série měření podélné disperze pro různé jednoduché geometrie koryta se střídajícími se tůněmi a prahy. Pro kalibraci dvouzónového modelu byly výsledky měření porovnány s odpovídajícími matematickými řešeními.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

383. A valid rule of β-conversion for the logic of partial functions

Creator:
Duží, Marie and Kosterec, Miloš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
β-reduction by name, β-reduction by value, λ-Closure, λτ-Closure, substitution, and validity
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The goal of this paper is to examine the conditions of validity for the rule of β-conversion in TIL, which is a hyperintensional, typed λ-calculus of partial functions. The rule of β-reduction is a fundamental computational rule of the λ-calculi and functional programming languages. However, it is a well-known fact that the specification of this rule is ambiguous (see, e.g., Plotkin 1975 or Chang & Felleisen 2012). There are two procedurally non-equivalent ways of executing the rule, namely β-conversion ''by name'' and β-conversion ''by value''. In the λ-calculi conversion by name is usually applied, though it is known that such a conversion is not unconditionally valid when partial functions are involved. If a procedure that is typed to produce an argument value is improper by failing to produce one, conversion by name cannot be validly applied. On the other hand, conversion by value is valid even in the case of improperness. Moreover, we show that in a typed λ-calculus the specification of λ-closure is also not unambiguous. There is an interpretation of this specification under which β-reduction by name is not valid even when the argument procedure does not fail to produce a value. As a result, we present a universally valid rule of β-reduction by value. and Cílem této práce je zkoumat podmínky platnosti pravidla β-konverze v TIL, což je hyperintenzivní, psaný λ-kalkul dílčích funkcí. Pravidlo β-redukce je základním výpočtovým pravidlem λ-kalkulů a funkčních programovacích jazyků. Je však dobře známo, že specifikace tohoto pravidla je nejednoznačná (viz např. Plotkin 1975 nebo Chang & Felleisen 2012). Existují dva procedurálně neekvivalentní způsoby provedení pravidla, a to β-konverze '' podle názvu '' a ''β-konverze'' podle hodnoty'. V kontextu λ-kalkulů se obvykle používá konverze podle názvu, ačkoli je známo, že taková konverze není bezpodmínečně platná, pokud jde o dílčí funkce. Je-li zadaný postup, který má hodnotu parametru argumentu, nesprávný tím, že jej neproběhne, nemůže být konverzace podle názvu platně použita. Na druhé straně konverze hodnotou platí i v případě nevhodnosti. Navíc ukážeme, že v zadaném λ-kalku není specifikace uzavření λ jednoznačná. Existuje interpretace této specifikace, při níž není jméno p-redukce platné, ani když proces argumentu nedokáže vytvořit hodnotu. Výsledkem je obecně platné pravidlo β-redukce hodnotou .
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

388. Abstract and concrete individuals and projection

Creator:
Raclavský, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
iIndividuals, particulars, reidentification, Polish logician, and Ship of Theseus
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Two kinds of individuals are distinguished: abstract and concrete. Whereas abstract individuals belong to our conceptual sphere, concrete individuals (i.e. particulars) individuate the world of matter. A subject investigating the external world projects abstract individuals onto concrete ones. The proposal offers a solution to various metaphysical and epistemological puzzles concerning individuals, e.g., the Ship of Theseus, the Polish Logician, problems with reidentification, or proper names. and Jiří Raclavský
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

389. Abstrakcia a idealizácia ako metódy spoločensko-humanitných disciplín

Creator:
Halas, Juraj
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
abstraction, analytical methods, concept formation, conceptual methods, and idealization
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The methods of abstraction and idealization are commonly viewed as basic to both the natural and the social sciences. Since the 1970s, they have also been a focus of attention in the philosophy and methodology of science. However, their nature as methods, i.e., sequences of instructions, has not been adequately explicated. The paper attempts to capture the core of these methods in the sense of simplified sequences of instructions. The proposal is illustrated in a reconstruction of the application of both methods in economics as a representative of the social sciences., Metody abstrakce a idealizace jsou běžně považovány za základní pro přírodní i společenské vědy. Od sedmdesátých let se pozornost věnuje také filozofii a metodologii vědy. Jejich povaha jako metody, tj. Sekvence instrukcí, nebyla dostatečně vysvětlena. Příspěvek se pokouší zachytit jádro těchto metod ve smyslu zjednodušených sekvencí instrukcí. Návrh je ilustrován rekonstrukcí aplikace obou metod v ekonomii jako zástupce společenských věd., and Juraj Halas
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

390. Accuracy of radar-estimated precipitation in a mountain catchment in Slovakia

Creator:
Sleziak, Patrik, Jančo, Martin, Danko, Michal, Méri, Ladislav, and Holko, Ladislav
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
radar-estimated precipitation, precipitation estimates, daily precipitation, and synoptic weather situations
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Accurate estimation of precipitation in mountain catchments is challenging due to its high spatial variability and lack of measured ground data. Weather radar can help to provide precipitation estimates in such conditions. This study investigates the differences between measured and radar-estimated daily precipitation in the mountain catchment of the Jalovecký Creek (area 22 km2, 6 rain gauges at altitudes 815–1900 m a.s.l.) in years 2017–2020. Despite good correlations between measured and radar-based precipitation at individual sites (correlation coefficients 0.68–0.90), the radar-estimated precipitation was mostly substantially smaller than measured precipitation. The underestimation was smaller at lower altitude (on average by –4% to –17% at 815 m a.s.l.) than at higher altitudes (–35% to –59% at 1400–1900 m a.s.l.). Unlike measured data, the radar-estimated precipitation did not show the differences in precipitation amounts at lower and higher altitudes (altitudinal differences). The differences between the measured and radar-estimated precipitation were not related to synoptic weather situations. The obtained results can be useful in preparation of more accurate precipitation estimates for the small mountain catchments.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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