The article presents the results of the social-anthropological field research realized in the town of Tachov and several adjacent villages (especially Lesná, Mýto). It focuses on the mapping of the so called small history, identified through the biographical method, that is, stories related to the lives of the interviewed persons. It analyzes the situation during and after the return migration and final settlement of the region, as it is presented in the memories of the participants of the provesses of settlement, as well as their descendants. The article is structured into several blocks according to the priorities of the narratives, ascertained during the field research. These priorities are: memories of the industry of the pre-war era, the theme of return migrants and settlers, their integration and mutual relations with other ethnic groups. At the same time, it was possible to create an image of the spontaneous tale-telling repertoire. The main purpose of the research was to follow-up with the researches of the region realized in the 1970s and 1980s and to supplement them with new data.
In this paper author focuses on mental representation of ethnic and racial groups in Gabčíkovo village in Slovakia. The objective is to show, that to explain ethnic and racial classification, we need to regard two factors. The first one is social interactions. It means the social, cultural, historical and political conditions of social phenomenon. The second is the cognitive processes of the mind: in what ways the human mind operates particular external information. To explain ethnic and racial classification, the author uses the framework of cognitive anthropology, in particular theory of folk sociology.
identity is and how it works. In recent years scholars have started to overcome the ‘introduction to ethnicity’ syndrome - whereby recent anthropological developments are acknowledged and then disregarded when carrying out the analysis -, shedding light on new perspectives which enlighten our understanding of ethnic identity. In this paper, we not only revise these new approaches, but offer two novel case-studies: the Treveri from Late Iron Age Gaul and the Igaeditani from Roman Lusitania. and Pro studium etnicity prostřednictvím archeologie je třeba v první řadě plně chápat, co tato forma identity je a jak funguje. V posledních letech vědci začínají překonávat syndrom ‚úvodu do etnicity‘ – v jehož rámci se sice hlásí k nejnovějším antropologickým poznatkům, ale ve vlastní analýze je nezohledňují – a odhalují nové perspektivy, které informují naše chápání etnické identity. V tomto článku nejen revidujeme tyto nové přístupy, ale také předložíme dvě inovativní případové studie: Treveri z pozdní doby železné v Galii a Igaeditani z římské Lusitanie.
Cílem práce je prostudovat vztah kultury, archeologické kultury a sociální identity (etnicity). Tyto jednotlivé klíčové pojmy prodělaly v průběhu vývoje archeologických i antropologických teorií bouřlivý vývoj, což však ne všichni současní badatelé reflektují. Proto je zde podán stručný přehled historie vzniku a obsahu antropologické a archeologické kultury a etnicity. Prostor je také věnován etnoarcheologickému přínosu při studiu stylu hmotné kultury. Závěrem je, že archeologická kultura nepředstavuje odraz sociální identity a etnicity minulých populací, a že pojetí archeologických kultur jako interpretačních jednotek původních společností je třeba revidovat. and The aim of the work is to study the relationship between culture, archaeological culture and social identity (ethnicity). These individual key terms have a stormy history in the development of archaeological and anthropological theory, a fact that is not reflected by all contemporary researchers. For this reason, the essay includes a brief overview of the history of the emergence and content of anthropological and archaeological culture and ethnicity. Attention is likewise paid to the ethnoarchaeological contribution in studying the style of material culture. The conclusion reached by the author is that archaeological culture does not reflect the social identity and ethnicity of past populations and that the concept of archaeological cultures as interpretive units of original societies needs to be revised.
In pondering how the existing evidence pertaining to the early Slavs in Bohemia and Moravia may be assessed, the paper rejects the arguments presented by Naďa Profantová, Felix Biermann, and Andrej Pleterski, in particular the idea of a migration of the early Slavs from western Ukraine and Bukovina into Bohemia and Moravia. The chronology of assemblages of the so-called “culture with Prague-type pottery” proposed by Profantová is demonstrably wrong, while Pleterski’s idea of a specifically Slavic “kitchen culture” rests on insufficient knowledge of the changes in eating practices accompanying economic transformations in the Mediterranean region during the sixth and seventh centuries. Against Biermann’s uncritical treatment of the written sources, particularly of Fredegar, the paper argues that the text of the Chronicle of Fredegar is not to be taken at face value, but understood as a means to please Fredegar’s Austrasian audience. and V úvaze o hodnocení stávajícího dokladového materiálu vztahujícího se k raným Slovanům v Čechách a na Moravě odmítá autor tohoto textu argumenty přednesené Naďou Profantovou, Felixem Biermannem a Andrejem Pleterskim, obzvláště myšlenku příchodu prvotních Slovanů do Čech a na Moravu ze západní Ukrajiny a Bukoviny. Chronologie souborů takzvané „kultury s keramikou pražského typu“, předložená Profantovou, je prokazatelně chybná, kdežto Pleterského myšlenka specificky slovanské „kuchyňské kultury“ spočívá na nedostatečné obeznámenosti se změnami v jídelních zvycích doprovázejících ekonomické změny ve Středomoří během 6. a 7. století. Proti Biermannovu nekritickému zacházení s písemnými prameny, zvláště s Fredegarem, namítá autor, že text Fredegarovy kroniky nelze brát doslovně, nýbrž je jej třeba chápat jako snahu vyhovět Fredegarovu autrasijskému čtenářstvu.
This article focuses on the dynamics of ethnicity in the desegregated classroom. The author examines the role of ethnicity in peer culture and finds that it is usually mediated and intersects with other categories (gender, age) and social identities of students (e.g. the friend identity). She also seeks to determine in what contexts and what directions these intersections occur and what kind of integrative or exclusionary effects ethnicity has in the classroom. She argues that ethnicity primarily becomes visible during ritualised symbolic performances in which the significance of different identities is accentuated. Against the backdrop of an ethnographic description of the role of ethnicity in the classroom she analyses the position in the classroom of Roma students, whose distinctiveness can serve as a source of exclusion or a means for selfassertion. At the intersection of the low status that Roma students are given in their role as students and the high status in their role as friends, ethnicity and ethnicisations in the classroom are to be contradictory in their effects.
Polemicky zaměřená stať na základě nepočetných písemných a početnějších archeologických pramenů spojuje šíření kultury s keramikou pražského typu s přesunem gentes, později nazývaných především Venedi a Sklavini, do střední Evropy. Prameny ukazují na jejich kontinuitu s pozdějším raně středověkým osídlením z doby, kdy již písemné zprávy na území Čech dokládají přítomnost Slovanů, konkrétně Bohemanů/Čechů, a naopak na diskontinuitu s předchozím osídlením mladšího stupně doby stěhování národů, tradičně spojovaným s Germány. Nálezy z území Slovanů (Avarů, Gepidů, Bavorů ad.) neprezentují symbolicky vyjadřovanou „identitu“; archeolog provádí vždy unikátní interpretaci komplexu hmotných a písemných pramenů; v soustavném interpretačním kruhu se vytváří horizont smyslu, v němž lze rozpoznávat a vydělovat fakta. and This polemically written text, based on scanty data from written sources and on more abundant archaeological evidence, links the propagation of Prague-type pottery culture (henceforth PTPC) with the advance of the gentes, referred to later especially as Venedi and Sclavini, into central Europe. Our sources point to their continuity with later early medieval settlement from the times when written sources attest to the presence of Slavs, in particular Bohemani or Czechs, on Bohemian territory. On the other hand, a discontinuity with the preceding settlement of the later stage of the Migration period, traditionally ascribed to Germanic population groups, may be observed. Finds from the territory of the Slavs (Avars, Gepids, Bavarians, etc.) do not represent a symbolically expressed „identity“. Archaeology always carries out a case-by-case interpretation of the complex of material and written sources; a „horizon of sense“, in which facts may be discerned and singled out, thus emerges in a systematic interpretational circle.
This article focuses on the intersection of gender, class and racial/ethnic inequalities. The intersection theory draws on the feminist critique of traditional class theory and on the challenge to feminism posed by ethnic women. The article develops thinking about various configurations of the intersection of inequalities and addresses mainly the case of marginalized women. However, the argument goes that the intersection of gender, class and racial/ethnic inequalities is not just a matter for disadvantaged groups because it has an impact on all groups in various relations. Class, gender and race/ethnicity should be understood as interlocked systems of both disadvantage and privilege. The intersection of inequalities is an approach intertwined with the development of social movements (women’s, labour and civil rights movements) in the USA and Western Europe. The article looks at why the intersection theory elaborated in the West mainly in the 1990s has not been reflected in Czech gender studies. Is it possible to connect the study of gender in a post-communist East European country with the predominantly American intersection theory?, Marta Kolářová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper is designed as a set of reflections of a rather general nature. It describes the presence of Vietnamese in the Czech Republic during the last twenty years. The text captures changes describable only in trends. These are gradual transformations of local communities into modern Central European diaspora or a transnational community. For Vietnamese in the Czech Republic, the impulse to solve their economic situation dominates in terms of objective causes as well as the subjective reasoning of individual participants of the transfer. Business activities played a major role in the development of the community life of Vietnamese. These were either uncontrolled (unofficial) street sales of goods, variously organized retail or sales in wholesale markets. Phases of Vietnamese entrepreneurship in the Czech environment: 1.
Uncontrolled street stall selling (1990-1992) following previous business activities from the 1980s, 2. forming of urban and border zone markets (1992-1995), 3. so-called golden times of markets (1995-1998), 4. gradual decline in stall sales in markets and shift of Vietnamese business into stores (1998–today). A significant difference of Vietnamese existence is the fact that it does not seek a new identity when it moves to another country. A Vietnamese businessman is more strongly enclosed in his own cultural habits; after moving he prefers financial profit not only for himself but also for his family back in Vietnam. The dominant form containing
classic purchasing and sales of cheap goods is slowly
disappearing, the interest in making money is transforming and the tendency to establish new associations is apparent.