The article deals with the manuscript DF V 11 housed in the Strahov Library and containing a transcription of the Tovačov Book - a manual of early Moravian provincial law. The text is analysed in a detailed way as this codex is missing in the list of the manuscripts of the Book compiled by Prof. Čáda in 1968.
The article deals with the manuscript DF V 11 housed in the Strahov Library and containing a transcription of the Tovačov Book - a manual of early Moravian provincial law. The text is analysed in a detailed way as this codex is missing in the list of the manuscripts of the Book compiled by Prof. Čáda in 1968.
Takotsubo kardiomyopatie je náhle vzniklé onemocnění charakterizované reverzibilní poruchou kinetiky levé srdeční komory. V typickém případě se rozvíjí následkem silného stresového podnětu a prezentuje se symptomy, EKG a laboratorním nálezem, které připomínají akutní koronární syndrom. Od toho se liší nepřítomností onemocnění koronárních tepen a ve většině případů nekomplikovaným průběhem s následnou velmi dobrou dlouhodobou prognózou. V kazuistice popisujeme případ 63leté ženy, u které se počátek onemocnění projevil fibrilací komor. Díky okamžité kardiopulmonální resuscitaci a následné odborné péči ve specializovaném kardiocentru, která mimo jiné zahrnovala implantaci implantabilního kardioverteru-defibrilátoru v rámci sekundární prevence náhlé srdeční smrti, se pacientka zotavila bez jakýchkoliv následků. Takotsubo kardiomyopatie je důležitou jednotkou v diferenciální diagnóze akutního koronárního syndromu. I přes dobrou prognózu, kterou se vyznačuje ve většině případů, ji nelze podcenit a zaslouží si náležitou pozornost a léčbu, která umožní předcházet případným komplikacím., Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is an acute syndrome characterized by rapid onset of transient systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Symptoms, ECG and laboratory findings resemble acute coronary syndrome, from which TTC differs by the absence of coronary artery disease. In typical cases, TTC is triggered by exposure to unexpected stress and the clinical course and prognosis are very good. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman, in whom the onset of the disease was complicated by ventricular fibrillation. The patient recovered without sequelae thanks to immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and following care in a specialized cardiocenter, which involved also implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator to prevent sudden cardiac death. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an important entity in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Despite very good prognosis in most cases it should not be underestimated and it deserves careful attention and treatment which can prevent harmful complications., and Lumír Koc, Marie Pavlušová, Jiří Pařenica, Jan Maňoušek, Jitka Vlašínová, Jindřich Špinar, Petr Kala
Cílem této eseje je načrtnout takový přístup k (literárnímu) textu, který prostřednictvím pojmů světový názor a interpretační komunita umožňuje vyložit symbolický systém díla a zasadit jej do historického kontextu doby jeho vzniku. V první části se vyrovnávám s definicí pojmů Weltanschauung a Weltbild v německé filozofické tradici, v níž lze sledovat počátky konceptualizování vztahu mezi jedincem a nazíraným světem. Obsahem druhé části je konfrontace ideologické interpretace literárního textu, kterým se vyznačoval marxleninismus, a takového výkladu, který nevychází z předem daného stanoviska, ale snaží se popsat světonázorovou strukturu sledovaného konceptu. Produktivní definici světonázoru (world view) představilo bruselské Center Leo Apostel, které tento typ výzkumu institucionalizovalo na široce interdisciplinární bázi. Několik závěrečných poznámek přítomného textu je věnováno způsobu, jakým se nám světový názor autora jeví při čtení díla a rovněž dynamice světonázoru v souvislosti s historickou změnou. and This article outlines an approach to a literary text, which enables one, by means of the terms Weltanschauung (world view) and interpretation community, to interpret the symbol system of a work and to put it into the historical context of its period. In the first part, the author compares the definitions of Weltanschauung and Weltbild in the German philosophical tradition, in which one observes the beginning of the conceptualization of the relationship between the individual and observation of the world. The second part of the article is a comparison of the ideological interpretation of the literary text, typical of Marx-Leninism, and of the kind of interpretation that does not start from an already agreed standpoint, but seeks instead to describe the Weltanschauung structure of the concept under observation. A productive definition of ‘world view’ was offered by the Center Leo Apostel, Brussels, which institutionalized this sort of research on a broad interdisciplinary basis. The article concludes with several remarks on the means by which an author’s Weltanschauung appears to us when reading his or her work, and also on the dynamics of the Weltanschauung in connection with historical change.
Příspěvek není referátem ani líčením historie fyziky. Je jen uznáním a vyjádřením díků za pohodlí a moc, které nám fyzika přináší, a zdůrazněním jejího podstatného místa v poznávání přírody. and Josef Jelen.
This article deals with the representation of literary culture in the Bohemian lands in late 18th and early 19th century travelogues as an influential literary genre of the late Enlightenment period. Against the background of their authors’ (mostly North and Central German travellers’) views on the Habsburg monarchy, the Bohemian lands and Prague in particular, as well as their education and art, the article seeks to analyse the variety of perspectives and the clash of external and domestic perspectives, as well as their description strategies. It draws attention both to the ideologisation and interconnection of the travelogue discourse and to the reactions of domestic authors to the travellers’ generalizing criticisms and their forms. To summarize, the article argues that the traditional classification of travelogues as predominantly pro- or anti-Slavic does not exactly hit the mark in this period, for travelogues do reflect the discussion on Czech literary culture in the Bohemian lands in statu(re-)nascendi in the context of local history and the enlightenment of the common folk., Dalibor Dobiáš., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Cynismus Hegelovy filosofie je téma, které již dávno, rozhodně od Popperovy Otevřené společnosti, přesahuje úzké hranice odborného žánru. Chvála války jako prostředku utužování státu či obdiv k „světodějným“ osobnostem typu Caesara či Napoleona, to vše shrnuté v šokujícím tvrzení: co je skutečné, je rozumné, jsou čteny jako jasné vyzdvihování statu quo, tedy pruského státu, v němž našly dějiny své vyvrcholení a Hegel kýženou mocenskou pozici. Výrok „Tím hůře pro skutečnost“, který údajně Hegel pronesl v reakci na kritiku své disertace o planetárních drahách, rozšiřuje tento cynický moment i na jeho teoretickou filosofii. V článku nejprve zmíním, proč je tato představa už věcně chybná, v další části se pak zaměřím na pojmovou stránku problému. Má teze je, že Hegelův cynismus je sice reálný, jeho funkce je ale primárně didaktická, manifestující komplikovanou logickou strukturu naší řeči o tom, co „je“., The Open Society and Its Enemies, extended beyond the narrow confines of the specialist genre. The praise of war as a means of strengthening the state or the admiration of “world historical” personalities such as Caesar or Napoleon – all encapsulated in the shocking statement: what is real is rational – are read as a clear exaltation of the status quo, that Prussian state in which history found its culmination and Hegel his coveted position of power. The statement “So much the worse for reality,” with which Hegel allegedly answered a criticism of his dissertation on planetary orbits, extends this cynical moment to his theoretical philosophy as well. In the article, I will first touch on why this topic is, right from the start, factually wrong; in the next part, I will focus on the conceptual side of the problem. My thesis is that Hegel‘s cynicism is real, but its function is primarily didactic, manifesting a complicated logical structure of our speech concerning that which “is.”, and Der Zynismus von Hegels Philosophie ist ein Thema, das schon seit langem, ganz bestimmt seit Poppers Werk Die offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde, die engen Grenzen der Fachdiskussion überschreitet. Die Verherrlichung des Krieges als Mittel zur Festigung des Staates bzw. die Bewunderung „weltgeschichtlicher“ Persönlichkeiten wie Cäsar oder Napoleon, dies alles zusammengefasst in der schockierenden Behauptung: was wirklich ist, ist vernünftig, werden als Erhebung des Status quo, d.h. des preußischen Staates, aufgefasst, in dem die Geschichte ihren Höhepunkt fand und Hegel seine ersehnte Machtposition. Das Zitat „Umso schlimmer für die Wirklichkeit“, das angeblich Hegels Antwort auf eine Kritik seiner Dissertation über Planetenbahnen wiedergibt, erweitert dieses zynische Moment auch auf Hegels theoretische Philosophie. Im Artikel wird zunächst dargelegt, warum diese Vorstellung schon von der Sache her falsch ist. Schwerpunkt des folgenden Teils ist der begriffliche Aspekt des Problems. Laut meiner These ist Hegels Zynismus zwar real, seine Funktion besteht jedoch primär in der Didaktik. Sie manifestiert die komplizierte logische Struktur unseres Redens darüber, was „ist“.
This article analyses in detail a land register dating from the year 1733 (Sg. 1976) which was found recently in Rome, focusing on its contents and on the wider context of the contents. The manuscript brings furthermore a history of the convent in prose and in vers the translation of which consitutes a part of the article.
This article analyses in detail a land register dating from the year 1733 (Sg. 1976) which was found recently in Rome, focusing on its contents and on the wider context of the contents. The manuscript brings furthermore a history of the convent in prose and in vers the translation of which consitutes a part of the article.
This article analyses in detail a land register dating from the year 1733 (Sg. 1976) which was found recently in Rome, focusing on its contents and on the wider context of the contents. The manuscript brings furthermore a history of the convent in prose and in vers the translation of which consitutes a part of the article.
The study is focused on the phenomenon of collective violence
that took place in the territory of the Czech lands during the spring and summer 1945. Albeit the war operations had been concluded since the 8th May 1945, general living conditions resembled rather a continuation of the war in the time - at least until the end of the July 1945. Despite the traditional interpretation of the May 1945 as a crucial reversal, the study focuses on the collective violence as a phenomenon overlapping traditional turning points. Remaining high amount of violent interactions is an element connecting the
final war operations with the first weeks and months after. Applying concepts of political sociology (Charles Tilly), social psychology (Philip Zimbardo) and sociology (Randall Collins) the study strives to capture interdependent nature of collective violence between its structural preconditions and situational dynamics. Based on the quantitative evaluation of the acts of collective violence, the first part outlines a macro social topography of collective violence with the main focus on the period between April and August 1945. The main point is an identification of key actors of the politics of collective
violence and their correlation to basic configurations of particular political regimes (i.e. occupational regime of the so called Protectorate and limited democratic regime of Czechoslovakia after May 1945). The second part evaluates social and cultural mechanisms facilitating escalation of violent situations into mass atrocities.The study identifies impulsive acts of collective violence as limited to temporary transitive violent rituals and turns attention
to the important role of the state organised specialists in concrete violent situations. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The Black Death plague constituted a major disruption of the ordinary pace of life of the society in early modern period. As such it attracted interest and drew attention. The Black Death menace caused panic and fear, and therefore various measures and actions which were supposed to prevent the outbreak of the plague or at least considerably limit its consequences were defined and carried out. Such practices were shaped by contemporary ideologies and mentalities and reflected everyday experience. The study of various means of dealing with the Black Death menace may be like looking in a mirror in which the curves of the quotidian lifestyle of the period are reflected. The present paper which analyses the last Black Death plague of 1713-1714 in the environment of a southBohemian town offers one such view. The mechanisms which the inhabitants of the regional capital Písek formulated and applied in the attempt to confront the iimpending Black Death menace, are specifically examined. The bearing of these mechanisms on contemporary devoutness is also problematized at the level of socalled semifolk discourse., Zdeněk Duda., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In this interview with documentary filmmaker Apolena Rychlíková, Anna Šabatová, one of the most remarkable figures of modern Czechoslovak history, considers not only the intellectual foundations of Charter 77 and the dissident movement, but also what shaped Šabatová’s personal background. The interview introduces an often-overlooked continuity between dissent and critical approaches to the post-communist era. This continuity is present in the humanistic, left-wing thought of Anna Šabatová, stemming from the tradition of the Czechoslovak democratic left, which permeates her whole life, not only philosophically and intellectually, but above all practically. Anna Šabatová’s lifelong efforts for a more just society have never stopped, connecting the period before 1989 with the period that followed.
The article presents a survey of the so-called noun-verb transitions – which are traditionally labeled as huóyòng or “live usage” – in the Shījīng, and touches upon the more general issue of word-class flexibility in old varieties of Chinese. It is based on a theoretical platform elaborated in my previous study, which itself drew on the corpus of Classical Chinese prose. An application of the theory on the Shījīng thus constitutes an extension of this material by reference to data from Pre-Classical poetry, which enables us to observe both similarities and possible differences between the two periods and styles of the language. Instances of well-established patterns are summarized in a list and supplemented by a brief commentary; much space is, on the other hand, dedicated to less predictable derivations, which deserve closer attention and call for a more detailed investigation. Special attention is paid also to the role of metaphor and metonymy in the respective processes. The analysis reveals the complexity and fine-grained stratification of the phenomenon at issue, tests and proves the usefulness of the system of interpretative instruments proposed earlier, and invites further exploration in relation to the role and distribution of noun-verb huóyòng in this canonical book.
Despite various changes in academic institutions and the academic profession in last two decades (Shore 2008; Dunn 2003; Power 2003), the academic environment is still organized around the notion of a linear, uninterrupted career path (Murray 2000; Smithon and Stokoe 2005) culminating with the launch of one’s own lab. Rather than a remnant of previous organizing principles of science the linear notion of the academic career has been reordered and reinscribed in the recent science policy imaginary of the excellent career (Garforth, Červinková 2009). In light of the recent shifts in the organization of biosciences in the Czech Republic from dynastic to dynamic labs, the dominant ideologies of motherhood and the disembodied subject of the labour market, our goal in this paper is to contribute to feminist analyses of research careers and implications these recent shifts have in terms of the position of women- and especially mothers-bioscientists. Using the concept of enactment (Law 1994, Mol 2002) we examine the co-constitution of motherhood and research careers procesually, as a result of the effects of the gender order, science policy, family policy, institutional arrangements of research organizations and the personal. We wish to underscore the need for a complex study of research careers if we want to understand the nuanced ways in which gender is inscribed in careers in the biosciences., Marcela Linková, Alice Červinková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Academy of Sciences Library has purchased a so far unknown illumination with Bohuslav Hasištejnský’s epitaph of Jan of Vartenberk († 1508) from the Swiss antiquarian bookshop Dr. Jörn Günther Rare Books AG. The illumination, Hasištejnský’s epitaph (with the meaning adjusted to the context) and the commemorative inscription present the figure of the Litoměřice Canon Jan of Vartenberk, who was sent to Pavia by Charles IV in 1355 to fetch the relics of St Vitus. We suppose that this illumination was probably made for Jan Jiří of Vartenberk as a component of a larger whole around 1615.
The study situates the events that took place on the Czech borderland on March 4th, 1919 into a greater historical context and refers to the usage of the imagery of the fallen Czech German protestors in contemporary literature. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Cíl: předvést praktické použití softwarové techniky určené k analýze variance - one-way ANOVA - ke dvěma účelům verifikačního procesu: k odhadu nejistoty analytické metody dle dokumentu CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) C51-A Vol. 32 No. 4 „Expression of Measurement Uncertainty in Laboratory Medicine, Approved Guideline“, 2012 [1] a současně ke zjednodušení postupu verifikace preciznosti měřicího postupu dle CLSI EP15-A2 Vol. 25 No.17 „User Verification of Performance for Precision and Trueness; Approved Guideline, Second Edition“ [2]. Výsledky: aplikace obou normativních postupů je předvedena v praktickém příkladu odhadu nejistoty jedné koncentrační hladiny látkové koncentrace urey v lidském séru (měřená veličina) a současně ke zjednodušenému postupu verifikace preciznosti tohoto měřicího postupu. Verifikační experiment odpovídá dokumentu EP15-A2 a měření se prováděla na jedné koncentrační hladině měřené veličiny vždy ve třech opakováních v průběhu pěti dní. Cíl - diskuse: předvést možnost zjednodušení verifikačního postupu. Závěr: Pomocí techniky one-way ANOVA lze současně provést výpočet nejistoty měření i mezilehlé (celkové) preciznosti., Objective: To demonstrate the practical use of the „one-way ANOVA“ technique for the expression of measurement uncertainty in laboratory medicine as well as to simplify the process of the user verification of performance for precision according, according to documents CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), titled as C51-A Vol.32 No.4 „Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement Laboratory Medicine, Approved Guideline“, 2012 [1], next only the C51-A, and according to CLSI EP15-A2 Vol. 25 No.17 document titled as „User verification of Performance for Precision and trueness; Approved Guideline, Second Edition“ [2], hereinafter EP15-A2. Results: The application of both normative practices is demonstrated in the practical example use for the uncertainty method estimation on one concentration level of the urea molar concentration in the human serum (measurand), together with the simplified procedure of the user verification of the method performance for the precision. The verification experiment matches the document EP15-A2, i.e. one measurand level running in 3 replicates on each of the 5 days. The calculation of the measurement uncertainty and the intermediate precision is processed by analyzing components of the variability in the „one-way ANOVA“ technique. Objective - Discussion: to demonstrate the possibility of simplifying the verification process Conclusion: the evaluation using one-way ANOVA technique to estimate the method uncertainty and the user verification of the method performance for the precision as well., Ambrožová J., and Literatura
Western moral and political theorists have recently devoted considerable attention to the perceived victimisation of women by non-western cultures. In this paper, the author argues that conceiving injustice to poor women in poor countries primarily as a matter of their oppression by illiberal cultures presents an understanding of their situation that is crucially incomplete. This incomplete understanding distorts Western theorists’ comprehension of our moral relationship to women elsewhere in the world and so of our theoretical task. It also impoverishes our assumptions about the intercultural dialogue necessary to promote global justice for women., Alison M. Jaggar, and Anglické resumé
Autor se ve svém článku zabývá vývojem federálního soudnictví v USA v poslední dekádě 18. a první čtvrtině 19. století. Tuto problematiku se pak snaží především postihnout pod zorným úhlemdramatického ústavního vývoje, který v této době probíhal a v němž se nezřídka právě federální soudnictvíocitalo v prvé linii boje mezi oběma tehdejšími znepřátelenými frakcemi americké politiky – federalistya republikány.Nad celou touto problematikou se pak pochopitelně neodbytně vznáší i klíčová otázka po tom, kdo budedohlížet nad tím, zda akty státní moci jsou v souladu s ústavou, či nikoliv. Ačkoli tyto problémy jsou řešenyjiž na sklonku 18. století – autor v této souvislosti vyzvedává zejména Hamiltonův slavný „esej číslo 78“z „Listů federalistů“ o soudnictví, či přímo zákon o soudnictví z roku 1789 – za „zakladatelský věk“, kdyobrysy federálního soudnictví, jakož i otázka soudního přezkoumávání ústavnosti nabudou svých pevnýchtvarů, lze dle něj považovat také (a snad ještě více) první čtvrtinu 19. století.V článku je tak pochopitelněanalyzován i klíčový případ americké ústavní historie „Marbury v.Madison“, jakož i tzv. „economical cases“. and The author deals with the development of the federal judiciary in the United States in the last decade of the 18th and the first quarter of the 19th century, from the perspective of the dramatic constitutional developments that took place at that time and which often positioned federal judiciary in the front line of the battle between the two then warring factions of American politics – the Federalists and Republicans. This, of course, insistently raises the vital question of who supervises whether the acts of state are in accordance with the Constitution or not. Although these problems are dealt with in the late 18th century – the author in this context, especially highlights Hamilton’s famous “Essay No. 78” from the “Federalists Papers”, or even the Judiciary Act of 1789. The author concludes that the “founding Age”, which lays down the principles of federal judiciary, as well as the question of judicial review of constitutionality, and when they take their solid forms, can also be considered (and perhaps even more) to be the first quarter of the 19th century. The article obviously analyzed the key case of the U.S. constitutional
history “Marbury v.Madison” and the “economical cases”.
The author of this article reacts to a discussion study by Radim Šíp “How to Revive ‘Frozen’ Evolutionary Ontology” (Filosofický časopis, 62, 2014, No. 3). He argues that Šíp’s critique is unacceptable, as is his proposal for a radical reform of the doctrine of Josef Šmajs. He draws attention to Šíp’s misinterpretation of the evolutionary-ontological theory of information and to the consequences of this misinterpretation for the other arguments in Šíp’s text. Šmajs‘ diagnosis of the problematic relation of culture and nature consists in a cleavage between natural information (structural and semantic) and socio-cultural information (semantic and structural). Šíp, however, mistakenly supposes that in evolutionary ontology there is an opposition between semantic, experiential information (natural and cultural) on the one hand and structural, genetic information (natural) on the other. It is only because of this misinterpretation that Šíp can treat the conflict between culture and nature as a conflict between man and nature, subject and object. Only thus can he treat evolutionary ontology as early-modern metaphysics and call for the recognition of a greater continuity between nature and culture – for the “appreciation” of allegedly unappreciated socio-cultural information.
The closure of St George's Benedictine convent in Prague Castle in 1782 meant the end of a valuable convent library, whose size and contents we can only conjecture. Hitherto we have been aware of a set of 65 codices to be found for the most part in the Czech National Library fonds with individual items owned by the Prague National Museum Library and the Ősterreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the practically unknown St George codices which the Czech National Library purchased together with the Prague Lobkowicz library. These are four breviaries which were acquired by the Lobkowicz Library in 1835. Summer breviary XXIII D 156 was created before the mid-13th century undoubtedly in the environment of St George's Convent, while the somewhat older Calendarium is evidently not from St George's or of Bohemian origin at all. The winter breviary XXIII D 155 is ascribed to St George's Abbess Anežka (1355-1358). Summer breviary XXIII D 142 was created in 1359 for Sister Alžbeta, the codex decoration is from the workshop of master breviarist Grandmaster Lev. Summer breviary XXIII D 138, which is of artistic and iconographic interest, is the work of four scribes and two previously unknown illuminators.
The closure of St George's Benedictine convent in Prague Castle in 1782 meant the end of a valuable convent library, whose size and contents we can only conjecture. Hitherto we have been aware of a set of 65 codices to be found for the most part in the Czech National Library fonds with individual items owned by the Prague National Museum Library and the Ősterreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the practically unknown St George codices which the Czech National Library purchased together with the Prague Lobkowicz library. These are four breviaries which were acquired by the Lobkowicz Library in 1835. Summer breviary XXIII D 156 was created before the mid-13th century undoubtedly in the environment of St George's Convent, while the somewhat older Calendarium is evidently not from St George's or of Bohemian origin at all. The winter breviary XXIII D 155 is ascribed to St George's Abbess Anežka (1355-1358). Summer breviary XXIII D 142 was created in 1359 for Sister Alžbeta, the codex decoration is from the workshop of master breviarist Grandmaster Lev. Summer breviary XXIII D 138, which is of artistic and iconographic interest, is the work of four scribes and two previously unknown illuminators.
Približne každý piaty Slovák je obézny a každý druhý má nadváhu. Z tohto dôvodu bol realizovaný projekt Diateens – projekt pre mládež na prevenciu diabetes mellitus. Záštitu nad projektom prevzala Slovenská diabetologická spoločnosť a slovenská kancelária WHO ako jeden z edukačných programov v rámci Národného diabetologického programu. Cieľom projektu bolo zlepšiť informovanosť mladých ľudí o ochorení diabetes mellitus, zmapovať ich zdravotný stav a podporiť zdravý životný štýl (zdravé správanie) ako významný komponent v prevencii proti uvedenému ochoreniu. Kľúčové slova: diabetes mellitus – Diateens – nadváha – obezita – prevencia – zdravie podporujúce správanie, Približne každý piaty Slovák je obézny a každý druhý má nadváhu. Z tohto dôvodu bol realizovaný projekt Diateens – projekt pre mládež na prevenciu diabetes mellitus. Záštitu nad projektom prevzala Slovenská diabetologická spoločnosť a slovenská kancelária WHO ako jeden z edukačných programov v rámci Národného diabetologického programu. Cieľom projektu bolo zlepšiť informovanosť mladých ľudí o ochorení diabetes mellitus, zmapovať ich zdravotný stav a podporiť zdravý životný štýl (zdravé správanie) ako významný komponent v prevencii proti uvedenému ochoreniu. Kľúčové slova: diabetes mellitus – Diateens – nadváha – obezita – prevencia – zdravie podporujúce správanie, and Viera Cviková, Adriana Ilavská
The article analyses the “Iron Curtain” as a Czech site of memory.
The official communist narrative denied the Western term “Iron Curtain” and asserted the legalistic argumentation of “state borders protection” supported by nationalistic and ideological arguments. After the fall of the regime in 1989 and the opening of the state borders, the Western “Iron Curtain” paradigm was adopted by the democratizing Czech society whereas the communist narrative
became marginalised. It did not disappear, though, and both interpretations, the “Iron Curtain” as a central part of the new mainstream discourse and the “state border protection” as a peripheral part of post-communist memory, have remained alive side by side. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
This article examines the nature of the relationship between the kind of textual politics, here referredto as ‘women’s writing’, and the dominant discursive practice of Czech culture, whoselogic and functioning is best encapsulated in the Derridean term ‘phallogocentrism’. Women’swriting is defined here as the kind of writing which locates itself outside the domain and logicof a phallogocentric discourse, trying to challenge and undermine its hegemonic status. In thisrespect, women’s writing is not delimited by the sex of an author, but by his/her gendered subjectivity,his/her position within the discursive formation, and his/her attitude to hegemonic languagepractices. Women’s writing, as understood in this thesis, critically reflects upon the role oflanguage as a decisive medium for our thinking, and questions the notion of subjectivity, whichis usually equated with the Cartesian Ego and conceived as an autonomous entity. Through itstextual strategies, women’s writing reflects upon the fact that we all are inevitably ‘inserted’ intolanguage. Consequently, rather than striving to free itself of – inevitable – discursive formationand constraints, it highlights the formative role of language by means of an ironic, palimpsest‑likere‑writingof conventional literary narratives, as well as by means of textual politics definedby the continuous displacement of meaning. The criticism of the phallogocentric concept of subjectivityis on the one hand informed by the decentring of the identity of the narrating subject,and on the other by one’s awareness of one’s epistemic situatedness within a particular discursivespace. The logic and economy of women’s writing is determined by the tension between itsdrive towards non‑phallogocentricdiscourse, and its paradoxical, yet inevitable dependence onsymbolic codes and hegemonic discursive practices. The subversive potential of women’s writing,as understood here, is thus not situated within a space seen as a radical ‘beyond’, but is directedinwards, into the fissures of the phallogocentric discourse itself.In order to exemplify the features of women’s writing, the article discusses a novel Slabikářotcovského jazyka (A Primer of the Father Tongue) by Sylvie Richterová (who is, apart fromSoučková, Linhartová, Hodrová, and Hrabal, one of the authors discussed in a monograph ofwhich the present article is an excerpt). Richterová’s novel, which may be read as a radical reassessmentof the genre of autobiography, is considered in the article a fragmented space ofmemory, which provides an ambiguous ground for an attempt to integrate a discontinuous identity,an integration that can never be fully accomplished. The paper then argues that one’s identitycan never be grasped as a full and unmediated presence due to both the nature of languagebased on the mechanism of constant deferral (Derrida) and the nature of always already splitsubjectivity based on an essential and constitutive lack (Lacan). Given this crucial yet impossibletask of achieving one’s identity in its full presence, what the text does is to enact textuallythe process of inevitable, benign ‘failure’. Thus, rather than a simple proposition, a meaning ora function of the text resides in recording textual traces of this profoundly meaningful ‘failure’. Ultimately,the article argues, the subversive potential of women’s writing can paradoxically only residein a strategic staging and performance of its very own discursive and epistemological limitsin process, or, as Miroslav Petříček puts it, as a pragmatic contradiction, which means that atthe textual and stylistic level, the text performs the exact opposite of what it conveys at the levelof its proposition.
In her essay, the author deals with the traditional position of woman in Jewish society. Although woman’s life role may seem very restricted and insignificant, according to the tradition, Jewish woman is considered to be the pillar of the family and the key element in passing on the Jewish tradition to future generations. Women’s participation in religious life is limited, yet their main attention is almost exclusively directed towards family and child raising. their absence from religious rituals is perceived as a positive element which enables women to fully concentrate on their most important role of a mother. Jewish families are traditionally large. Among Jewish woman’s main tasks is the observance of family purification rules, preparation of kosher food, arrangements for family celebrations of Sabbath and festivals and child raising. Attention is also paid to the basic principles of matrimonial cohabitation, to the educational opportunities of Jewish women in the past, their charitable and associational activities and the most frequent ways of earning their living.
The study deals with the policy towards the Jewish minority in Slovakia during the first years of the interwar Czechoslovak Republic. In particular it examines the attitudes, semantics and everyday praxis of the members of the new political establishment. Whilst they attempted to solve the "Jewish question" as soon as on the turn of the 19th and 20th century by establishing cooperatives, after the World War I they used their new governmental authority for revising the so-called "liquor licenses" which were seen as a "Jewish privilege". This emphasis on the "practical" or "humanitarian" antisemitism - significant for the Czech and Slovak populism since the late 19th century - merged in the postwar period with the aggressive campaign against the "Judeo-Bolshevism" which was alleged as a threat for the new Czechoslovak state. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Článek interpretuje Humovu teorii asociace idejí především se zřetelem k podobnosti jako jednomu z principů asociace a k obecným idejím (či pojmům) jako zásadnímu produktu asociace. Na základě této interpretace autor tvrdí, že Humovo pojetí podobnosti a obecných termínů není podmíněno přijetím tzv. „mýtu daného“. V důsledku přijetí tohoto předpokladu však vyvstávají nové otázky, zejména proč asociací vznikají zrovna ty obecné pojmy, které reálně vznikají, a jak dochází k jejich intersubjektivnímu sdílení. Tyto otázky vedou k nutnosti doplnit obrázek mysli jako „zrcadla přírody“ ze začátku první knihy Humova Pojednání o lidské přirozenosti obrázkem mysli jako „zrcadla druhých“ z jeho druhé knihy., The article interprets Hume’s theory of association of ideas, primarily with respect to resemblance as one of the principles of association and to general ideas (or concepts) as a principal consequence of association. On the basis of this interpretation, the author argues that Hume’s conception of resemblance and general terms is not conditioned by the acceptance of the so-called “myth of the given”. As a result of accepting this assumption, however, new questions arise; in particular, why is it that just those general concepts arise that in fact arise and how are they intersubjectively shared. These questions lead to the need to supplement the image of the mind as a “mirror of nature” from the beginning of Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature, book I, with the image of the mind as a “mirror of others” from book II., and Der vorliegende Artikel bietet eine Interpretation von Humes Theorie der Assoziation von Ideen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Ähnlichkeit als eines der Assoziationsprinzipien und auf die allgemeinen Ideen (bzw. Begriffe) als Grundprodukte der Assoziation. Auf Grundlage dieser Interpretation stellt der Autor die Behauptung auf, dass Humes Auffassung der Ähnlichkeit und der allgemeinen Begriffe nicht durch die Annahme des sog. „Mythos des Gegebenen“ bedingt ist. Infolge der Annahme dieser Voraussetzung treten jedoch neue Fragen auf, insbesondere die Frage, warum durch Assoziationen ausgerechnet jene allgemeinen Begriffe entstehen, die real entstehen, und wie es zu deren intersubjektiven Mitteilung kommt. Diese Fragen führen zu der Notwendigkeit, das Bild vom Denken als „Spiegel der Natur“ am Anfang des ersten Buches von Humes Abhandlung über die menschliche Natur durch das Bild des Denkens als „Spiegel der Anderen“ aus dem zweiten Buch zu ergänzen.
For integers $m > r \geq0$, Brietzke (2008) defined the $(m,r)$-central coefficients of an infinite lower triangular matrix $G=(d, h)=(d_{n,k})_{n,k \in\mathbb{N}}$ as $ d_{mn+r,(m-1)n+r}$, with $n=0,1,2,\cdots$, and the $(m,r)$-central coefficient triangle of $G$ as $G^{(m,r)} = (d_{mn+r,(m-1)n+k+r})_{n,k \in\mathbb{N}}. $ It is known that the $(m,r)$-central coefficient triangles of any Riordan array are also Riordan arrays. In this paper, for a Riordan array $G=(d,h)$ with $h(0)=0$ and $d(0), h'(0)\not= 0$, we obtain the generating function of its $(m,r)$-central coefficients and give an explicit representation for the $(m,r)$-central Riordan array $G^{(m,r)}$ in terms of the Riordan array $G$. Meanwhile, the algebraic structures of the $(m,r)$-central Riordan arrays are also investigated, such as their decompositions, their inverses, and their recessive expressions in terms of $m$ and $r$. As applications, we determine the $(m,r)$-central Riordan arrays of the Pascal matrix and other Riordan arrays, from which numerous identities are constructed by a uniform approach., Sheng-Liang Yang, Yan-Xue Xu, Tian-Xiao He., and Obsahuje bibliografii
It is known that a ring $R$ is left Noetherian if and only if every left $R$-module has an injective (pre)cover. We show that $(1)$ if $R$ is a right $n$-coherent ring, then every right $R$-module has an $(n,d)$-injective (pre)cover; $(2)$ if $R$ is a ring such that every $(n,0)$-injective right $R$-module is $n$-pure extending, and if every right $R$-module has an $(n,0)$-injective cover, then $R$ is right $n$-coherent. As applications of these results, we give some characterizations of $(n,d)$-rings, von Neumann regular rings and semisimple rings.
In the present paper we are concerned with convergence in $\mu $-density and $\mu $-statistical convergence of sequences of functions defined on a subset $D$ of real numbers, where $\mu $ is a finitely additive measure. Particularly, we introduce the concepts of $\mu $-statistical uniform convergence and $\mu $-statistical pointwise convergence, and observe that $\mu $-statistical uniform convergence inherits the basic properties of uniform convergence.
Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ a right $R$-module. $M$ is called $ \oplus $-cofinitely supplemented if every submodule $N$ of $M$ with $\frac{M}{N}$ finitely generated has a supplement that is a direct summand of $M$. In this paper various properties of the $\oplus $-cofinitely supplemented modules are given. It is shown that (1) Arbitrary direct sum of $\oplus $-cofinitely supplemented modules is $\oplus $-cofinitely supplemented. (2) A ring $R$ is semiperfect if and only if every free $R$-module is $\oplus $-cofinitely supplemented. In addition, if $M$ has the summand sum property, then $M$ is $\oplus $-cofinitely supplemented iff every maximal submodule has a supplement that is a direct summand of $M$.
A sign pattern $A$ is a $\pm $ sign pattern if $A$ has no zero entries. $A$ allows orthogonality if there exists a real orthogonal matrix $B$ whose sign pattern equals $A$. Some sufficient conditions are given for a sign pattern matrix to allow orthogonality, and a complete characterization is given for $\pm $ sign patterns with $n-1 \le N_-(A) \le n+1$ to allow orthogonality.
We prove a separable reduction theorem for $\sigma $-porosity of Suslin sets. In particular, if $A$ is a Suslin subset in a Banach space $X$, then each separable subspace of $X$ can be enlarged to a separable subspace $V$ such that $A$ is $\sigma $-porous in $X$ if and only if $A\cap V$ is $\sigma $-porous in $V$. Such a result is proved for several types of $\sigma $-porosity. The proof is done using the method of elementary submodels, hence the results can be combined with other separable reduction theorems. As an application we extend a theorem of L. Zajíček on differentiability of Lipschitz functions on separable Asplund spaces to the nonseparable setting.
In [1], Jakubík showed that the class of $\sigma $-interpolation lattice-ordered groups forms a radical class, but left open the question of whether the class forms a torsion class. In this paper, we show that this class does indeed form a torsion class.
By analogy with the projective, injective and flat modules, in this paper we study some properties of $C$-Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules and discuss some connections between $C$-Gorenstein injective and $C$-Gorenstein flat modules. We also investigate some connections between $C$-Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules of change of rings.
For a nontrivial connected graph $F$, the $F$-degree of a vertex $v$ in a graph $G$ is the number of copies of $F$ in $G$ containing $v$. A graph $G$ is $F$-continuous (or $F$-degree continuous) if the $F$-degrees of every two adjacent vertices of $G$ differ by at most 1. All $P_3$-continuous graphs are determined. It is observed that if $G$ is a nontrivial connected graph that is $F$-continuous for all nontrivial connected graphs $F$, then either $G$ is regular or $G$ is a path. In the case of a 2-connected graph $F$, however, there always exists a regular graph that is not $F$-continuous. It is also shown that for every graph $H$ and every 2-connected graph $F$, there exists an $F$-continuous graph $G$ containing $H$ as an induced subgraph.
In this paper, we prove that a space $X$ is a $g$-metrizable space if and only if $X$ is a weak-open, $\pi $ and $\sigma $-image of a semi-metric space, if and only if $X$ is a strong sequence-covering, quotient, $\pi $ and $mssc$-image of a semi-metric space, where “semi-metric” can not be replaced by “metric”.
The concepts of $k$-systems, $k$-networks and $k$-covers were defined by A. Arhangel’skiǐ in 1964, P. O’Meara in 1971 and R. McCoy, I. Ntantu in 1985, respectively. In this paper the relationships among $k$-systems, $k$-networks and $k$-covers are further discussed and are established by $mk$-systems. As applications, some new characterizations of quotients or closed images of locally compact metric spaces are given by means of $mk$-systems.
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring. It is shown that the finitely generated $R$-module $M$ with finite Gorenstein dimension is reflexive if and only if $M_{\mathfrak p}$ is reflexive for ${\mathfrak p} \in {\rm Spec}(R) $ with ${\rm depth}(R_{\mathfrak p}) \leq 1$, and ${\mbox {G-{\rm dim}}}_{R_{\mathfrak p}} (M_{\mathfrak p}) \leq {\rm depth}(R_{\mathfrak p})-2 $ for ${\mathfrak p}\in {\rm Spec} (R) $ with ${\rm depth}(R_{\mathfrak p})\geq 2 $. This gives a generalization of Serre and Samuel's results on reflexive modules over a regular local ring and a generalization of a recent result due to Belshoff. In addition, for $n\geq 2$ we give a characterization of $n$-Gorenstein rings via Gorenstein dimension of the dual of modules. Finally it is shown that every $R$-module has a $k$-torsionless cover provided $R$ is a $k$-Gorenstein ring.
In this paper, we consider the global existence, uniqueness and $L^{\infty }$ estimates of weak solutions to quasilinear parabolic equation of $m$-Laplacian type $u_{t}-\mathop {\rm div}(|\nabla u|^{m-2}\nabla u)=u|u|^{\beta -1}\int _{\Omega } |u|^{\alpha } {\rm d} x$ in $\Omega \times (0,\infty )$ with zero Dirichlet boundary condition in $\partial \Omega $. Further, we obtain the $L^{\infty }$ estimate of the solution $u(t)$ and $\nabla u(t)$ for $t>0$ with the initial data $u_0\in L^q(\Omega )$ $(q>1)$, and the case $\alpha +\beta < m-1$.
In this paper $LJ$-spaces are introduced and studied. They are a common generalization of Lindelöf spaces and $J$-spaces researched by E. Michael. A space $X$ is called an $LJ$-space if, whenever $\lbrace A,B\rbrace $ is a closed cover of $X$ with $A\cap B$ compact, then $A$ or $B$ is Lindelöf. Semi-strong $LJ$-spaces and strong $LJ$-spaces are also defined and investigated. It is demonstrated that the three spaces are different and have interesting properties and behaviors.
We characterize statistical independence of sequences by the $L^p$-discrepancy and the Wiener $L^p$-discrepancy. Furthermore, we find asymptotic information on the distribution of the $L^2$-discrepancy of sequences.
We show for $2\le p<\infty $ and subspaces $X$ of quotients of $L_{p}$ with a $1$-unconditional finite-dimensional Schauder decomposition that $K(X,\ell _{p})$ is an $M$-ideal in $L(X,\ell _{p})$.
We study the position of compact operators in the space of all continuous linear operators and its subspaces in terms of ideals. One of our main results states that for Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ the subspace of all compact operators $\mathcal K(X,Y)$ is an $M(r_1 r_2, s_1 s_2)$-ideal in the space of all continuous linear operators $\mathcal L(X,Y)$ whenever $\mathcal K(X,X)$ and $\mathcal K(Y,Y)$ are $M(r_1,s_1)$- and $M(r_2,s_2)$-ideals in $\mathcal L(X,X)$ and $\mathcal L(Y,Y)$, respectively, with $r_1+s_1/2>1$ and $r_2+s_2/2>1$. We also prove that the $M(r,s)$-ideal $\mathcal K(X,Y)$ in $\mathcal L(X,Y)$ is separably determined. Among others, our results complete and improve some well-known results on $M$-ideals.
In analogy with effect algebras, we introduce the test spaces and $MV$-test spaces. A test corresponds to a hypothesis on the propositional system, or, equivalently, to a partition of unity. We show that there is a close correspondence between $MV$-algebras and $MV$-test spaces.