Studie Milady Jonášové se zabývá využitím jmenované kantáty italského hudebního skladatele Benedetta Marcella operním impresáriem Antoniem Denziem v pasticciu "Sansone", provedeným v roce 1729 na scéně pražského divadla v paláci hraběte Františka Antonína Sporcka., Milada Jonášová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 51, anglický abstrakt na s. 5.
Studie Marie Škarpové se zabývá literárními prameny a okruhy duchovních písní, které byly inspirací pro repertoár kancionálu "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky", jehož autorem byl přední český barokní básník a duchovní Fridrich Bridelius., This study deals with that portion of the repertoire of the Czech Advent and Christmas songbook Jesličky (Prague, 1658) by Fridrich Bridelius, which newly appeared in Czech hymnography thanks to this song book, and it summarizes the various results of the search for textual sources from other languages for these “new” songs in Jesličky. It points out their ties to contemporary German written hymnography (of both German and Bohemian provenience) and to Latin hymnography, i.e. to contemporary Latin songs. The text is thus not only a contribution towards discovering the ways that Czech hymnographers of the 17th century became familiar with the new, i.e. baroque, poetic language, but also, above all, an attempt to stimulate further hymnological research on baroque hymnographic works in the early modern history of Central Europe and the interconnections and relationships between them., Marie Škarpová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 397, anglický abstrakt na s. 377.
Studie se zabývá rolí Caravaggia v českém diskursu o kubismu. Uvádí diskusi Vincence Kramáře a Karla Teiga z roku 1949. Teige se možná překvapivě odvolává na Caravaggia v koncepci kubistického „tektonického obrazu“: Caravaggiova malba je zaměřena na čistou plasticitu a méně na námět, což je pro avantgardního teoretika důvod dát jej do stejné řady, jakými jsou architecture plate et colorée Juana Grise nebo Picassovy „tektonické obrazy“, v nichž dominuje čistá plasticita hmot. Teige v uvedení Caravaggia jako předchůdce moderního plastického pojetí obrazu měl předchůdce v českém kubistickém malíři Emilu Fillovi (1882–1953), který v letech 1914–1920 v exilu v Holandsku dobře poznal díla starých holandských mistrů a zabýval se pojmem „věcnosti“ v jejich díle. V článku Holandské zátiší (1916), publikovaném v časopise Volné směry (XXII, 1924–1925), v úvodu uvádí jméno Caravaggia, kterého chápe jako zakladatele svébytného žánru zátiší. Na něj navazovali holandští mistři 17. století. Filla zdůrazňuje pojetí věcnosti, které není ani vědeckou dokumentárností, ani čirým objektivismem, ale je výsledkem akce subjektu, je tvořivou akcí malíře. Věcnost znamená pro Fillu vyrovnání objektivních a subjektivních složek malovaného předmětu. V roce 1925 vydal Filla rovněž ve Volných směrech studii Caravaggiovo poslání. Filla opět oceňuje Caravaggiovo plastické pojetí povrchu malby. Na Fillu záhy navázal jeho přítel a sběratel, mecenáš kubismu, historik umění Vincenc Kramář statí Vznik a povaha moderního zátiší. Tvůrčí čin Caravaggiův, uveřejněnou rovněž ve Volných směrech (XXIII, 1924–1925, s. 129–160, 177–179). Stejně jako Filla oceňuje Caravaggiovu autonomní vůli po plasticitě. Když Filla psal úvahy o Jan van Goyenovi, ale i o Caravaggiovi počátkem padesátých let na zámku Peruc, navštěvoval ho tam fotograf Josef Sudek, který na zámku fotografoval. Pozorně naslouchal poučeným malířovým výkladům o kubismu, holandském umění 17. století, ale i o Caravaggiovi. Sudkova fotografická aranžovaná zátiší na počest Caravaggia z roku 1956, vytvořená až po Fillově smrti (1953), lze chápat jako vzpomínky na Peruc a přítele Fillu i na roli Caravaggia ve Fillově teorii. and This study deals with Caravaggio’s role in Czech thought on Cubism. It begins with a discussion between Vincenc Kramář and Karel Teige which took place in 1949. Perhaps surprisingly, Teige refers to Caravaggio in his concept of Cubist ‘tectonic painting’: Caravaggio’s painting aims at pure plasticity and less so at subject matter, which is reason for the avant-garde theoretician to put him in the same category as the architecture plate et colorée of Juan Gris or Picasso’s ‘tectonic paintings’ in which the pure plasticity or sculpturality of matter dominates.
In presenting Caravaggio as a precursor of the modernist sculptural conception of painting, Teige was preceded by the Czech Cubist painter Emil Filla (1882–1953), who acquainted himself well with the works of the old Dutch masters during his exile in Holland in 1914–1920 and dealt with the idea of ‘objectivity’ in their work. In the introduction to ‘Dutch Still Life’ (1916), an article published in the magazine Volné směry (Free Directions) (XXII, 1924–1925), he mentions the name of Caravaggio, whom he takes to be the founder of a peculiar genre of still lifes which hearkened back to the Dutch masters of the 17th century. Filla emphasises the idea of objectivity which is neither a scientific documentary quality nor a pure objectivism, but the result of an action on the part of a subject – the creative act of a painter. For Filla, objectivity means a conciliation between objective and subjective factors in a painted object. In 1925, Filla published, also in Volné směry, a study on Caravaggio’s vocation. Once again, Filla holds Carvaggio’s sculptural conception of the surface of painting in high regard. Filla’s work is followed up by his friend and collector, the patron of Cubism and art historian Vincenc Kramář in his essay ‘The Inception and Character of the Modern Still Life: Caravaggio’s Creative Act’ (Volné směry XXIII, 1924–1925, pp. 129–160, 177–179). When Filla was writing his reflections on Jan van Goyen and on Caravaggio in the early 1950s at Peruc Castle, he was visited by the photographer Josef Sudek. Sudek’s photographically arranged still lifes in honour of Caravaggio of 1956 may be understood as a reminiscence of Peruc and his friend Filla as well as of the role of Caravaggio in Filla’s theory.
The article deals with the regulation of the use of Czech, German and classical languages in the administrative, school and Church spheres as it appears in the decrees published during Joseph II’s reign for the lands of the Bohemian crown. The author attempts to reconstruct the emperor’s vision of the usage of the different languages in the Czech lands, find the reasoning behind it, and identify the methods of this regulation. He also asks whether, in Joseph II’s case, one can speak about a "language policy" as a deliberate strategy to change the language situation in the Czech lands., Dmitrij Timofejev., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The 18th century sees the triumph of a cultural technique so self-evident to us that we hardly think that it might have a history at all: numbering. This technique assigns a number to an object or a subject - whether a house, a page in a book, a regiment, a tone pitch, a painting, a horse-drawn carriage or a policeman - in order to positively identify this object or subject. The article presents a hitherto nearly undiscovered research field by clarifying some of the basic terminology and draws on examples from all over Europe, focussing on the numbering of - mostly vagrant - people on one side, on spaces such as houses, rooms or even hospital beds on the other side. At the end some of the research questions to be asked about this topic in the future are presented., Anton Tantner ; translated by Brita Pohl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This reflection is inspired by a discussion among leading intermedialists organized by UNISC, Brazil, fall 2021. It included contextualization and conceptualization, i.e. setting the current research within the context of the discipline’s development and the synchronic study of culture, proposing new concepts or defending old ones. The key term ‘in-between’ expresses both a trend in art, and in the self-reflecting intermedial methodology. It becomes obvious that intermedial research opens up wide to analyzing issues of social importance. In our exposition, we assess the debated concepts in terms of their analytical and educational potential in literary and cultural studies, and relate the debate to the Czech environment.
The author examines the clientele of the Bratislava booksellers Anton Löwe and Philip Ulrich Mahler in the context of the Hungarian book trade from 1770 to 1800. By analysing the extant correspondence of Michal Institoris Mošovský, a protestant pastor in Bratislava, she was able to partially identify one segment of their customer base - protestant clergymen. For many years these members of the petty intelligentsia purchased from the Bratislava booksellers, in particular imported works by the German pietists and Enlightenment theologians. The author also investigated the social and geographical limits of the distribution process, some of the contact and distribution networks, and the identity of key figures., Petronela Križanová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This article deals with naming practices among the Czechs who lived in the first half of 20th century in two Bulgarian villages - Vojvodovo and Belinci. It is based on fieldwork carried out among the people who migrated in 1950 from Bulgaria and settled in several towns and villages in South Moravia (region of Mikulov and Valtice), and their descendants. Naming practices of the Bulgarian Czechs are analyzed in relation to naming strategies of the Bulgarians in the given period, and it is argued that the role that was fulfilled by surnames among the Czechs was fulfilled by first names among the Bulgarians. Relationship between the naming strategies and ideas about kinship and gender are discussed further.
The Croatian society is still coping with traumatizing events (World War II and civil war) and memories of them. The politics of memory, articulated by Tudjman´s strategy of generational and memory reconciliation of the society in the early 1990s, led to the relativization and even promotion of the pro-fascist Ustashe regime, and simultaneously to the marginalization and stigmatization of narratives relating to the role of national liberation struggle within multi-ethnic partisan movement. This also included members of local Czech minority. The study shows how - despite this - the narratives concerning the partisan resistance are still alive in family memory, and they form, through generational transmission, a value alternative to the contemporary nationally-oriented state ideology as well as to the cultural presentation of Czech minority. Family memory works as an autonomous ”intimate space/area” of expatriates in Croatia, which is based on searching for a generational value continuities in the period of post-communist social uncertainties.
The study focuses on Marxist critique of Soviet systems in Czech oppositional thought during the period of so-called normalization (1970s–1980s). This analytical discourse was characterized by efforts to re-establish the critical debates that started as a part of Czechoslovak social-scientific critique in the 1960s and intended to provide a detailed analysis of the nature of the so-called Soviet-type systems (STS, i.e. the political systems of the Warsaw Pact countries). Thus, the STS theory was geopolitically defined and did not deal with analyzes of other communist regimes (for example, Yugoslavia or China). On the example of selected Czechoslovak thinkers (e.g. Pelikán, Mlynář, Strmiska, Hájek) the first part of the study addresses attempts to evaluate Czechoslovak development in the 1960s as a specific case of democratization of the Soviet-type system; in the second part I focus on interpretations of these discussions from the perspective of East-European totalitarian paradigm. Finally, the third part describes how these analyzes contributed to the formulation of possible political changes in the Eastern Bloc.
Jan Blažek, a correspondent of the Czech Ethnological Society, wrote in 1982 a text that described representatives of selected socio-professional groups in the Czech countryside before World War I. He paid attention to beggars, vagrants, wanderers, and barrel organ players. Even though those people usually were on the margin of society, the author identifies peculiar features of each of the mentioned groups and he differentiates between them (he creates a particular characteristics for each of them). He deals with their social and material situation, majority ́s relationship to them (including possible stereotypes and expressions of solidarity), their life conditions (diet, accommodation, clothing etc.) and other features (way of earning livelihood, typical behaviour, or verbal expressions).
The study concerns provisional dwellings of poor village inhabitants, particularly a dwelling of a smallholder from Kostelec na Hané, which was continually inhabited for more than one hundred years. It was partly built under the road in the western part of the residential area. The entrance part of the basement that has for unknown reasons not been used for many years was modified. From the basement there is a system of tunnels under the town. Their use as a permanent dwelling was unique in central Moravia. The appearance of this house - its construction, space division, hearth, etc., is reconstructed in the study.
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The paper focuses on the intellectual aspects of Bohumil Hrabal’s work and also on the concept of worldview. The starting point is Josef Zumr’s article “The Intellectual Inspiration of Bohumil Hrabal” (1989); the approaches of Jan Patočka (1942) and Jan Mukařovský (1947) are also mentioned. In his article Zumr presents Hrabal’s worldview as a mosaic of constitutive and affirmative influences. He formulates a thesis on the post-war continuity of the avant-garde, of which Hrabal’s work is a part. In this paper, Zumr’s interpretation is subjected to partial revision: it is not only about ideological influences, but also about their individual creative transformation. Hrabal has lost the optimism of the avant-garde, his work testifies to the turn of an epoch and combines humour with melancholy and historical scepticism. and Příspěvek se zaměřuje na ideové aspekty díla Bohumila Hrabala a také na pojem světového názoru. Referenčním textem je studie Josefa Zumra „Ideová inspirace Bohumila Hrabala“ (1989). Zmíněny jsou rovněž přístupy Jana Patočky (1942) a Jana Mukařovského (1947). Zumr ve své studii představuje Hrabalův světový názor jako mozaiku konstitutivních a konfirmativních vlivů. Formuluje tezi o poválečné kontinuitě avantgardy, které je Hrabalovo dílo součástí. V tomto příspěvku je Zumrova interpretace podrobena dílčí revizi: nejde jen o ideové vlivy, nýbrž také o jejich individuální tvůrčí transformaci. Hrabal ztratil optimismus avantgard. Jeho dílo je svědectvím o přelomu epoch a spojuje humor s melancholií a dějinnou skepsí.
Social work as an institutionalized profession aims to promote and defend human rights and social justice regardless of gender, sexual orientation and other grounds. Rooted in Christianity, it is partly performed by religious organizations and religious people. Consequently, conservative values may orient the profession, thus conflicting with the rights of lesbians and gays. The aim of the article is to present the risks of social worker’s oppressive action toward same--sex parents, and to suggest possibilities how to avoid such ethical misconduct. First, we present a dilemma of social work arising from the tension between ethical principles of equality and non -discrimination on the one hand and conservative norms on the other hand. Then, we introduce individual oppressive tendencies which are manifested in the discourse “on homosexuality” in Czech social work and how these may transform into social worker’s oppressive action. Finally, we propose practical suggestions that can support anti -oppressive social work in the Czech Republic.
The submitted article reconstructs the interactions between Richard
Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi as the originator of the Pan-Europe idea, and the Prague newspaper Prager Presse, during the time from August 1921 until autumn 1926. The account notes and comments not only upon Coudenhove-Kalergi writings published in the paper, but also the reviews of his books and reports on his public appearances. Thus the article traces, how the philosopher, who comes up with a particular interpretation of the situation in Europe after the World War I, becomes a leader of the international movement, a politician and a diplomat striving to gain support for a specific model of European organisation. The final section of this article deals with how the Czech translation of Coudenhove’s book Pan-Europa originated and the circumstances it was accompanied by. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
For the inhabitants of the town of Mysłowic acquires special importance the place called „Triangle of the Three Emperors“, where in the years 1845–1918 intersected the borders of three empires – Russia, Austria and Prussia. The threefold boundary represented for many decades the sphere of constant economic, cultural and social exchange and cultural and civilisational interpenetration. Thanks to the „triangle“ was Mysłowice known all over Europe as well as on other continents and attracted thousands of tourists. The surroundings of the „Triangle of the Three Emperors“ were endowed with excellent touristic and recreational infrastructure. Nowadays this legendary place is neglected and does not remind of its former importance. However, it is still being visited by groups of tourists and hosts occasional meetings and historical commemorations. Within the town there are numerous symbolic references to the „Triangle of the Three Emperors“. The municipal council recently devised a plan to transform the „Triangle“ into a showroom of the town and constituent part of its advertising campaign. The „Triangle of the Three Emperors“ instigates emotions and acquires a prominent place in the social memory of the inhabitants of Mysłowic, as it is part of the local historical tradition. On the background of the European history it acquires its historical importance and local relevance. Through its intimate relation to local history it evokes the images of the past glory of the town. The „Triangle of the Three Emperors“ surpasses in importance the remaining parts of the town and corroborates positively the social integrity of its inhabitants. Its symbolic importance can in a crucial way influence the processes of change and creation of social consciousness, responding to the unified vision of the future, and at the same time the creation of contemporary identity of the town, relieved from existing stigma of industrialization.
When the nationalities of the multiethnic Austrian Empire began to demand national self-determination "on their own territory“, they
started the struggle for the national "Besitzstand“. The great nations like the Magyars, Czechs, Poles and Croats claimed for their historical "Staatsrecht“. The Austrian governments answered with the concept of national autonomy in national homogeneous districts on the basis of the existing historical "Kreise“. Palacky on the Krensierer Reichstag, Stadion in the Reichsverfassung of 1849, Ernest von Körber in the context of his deliberations to solve the "Bohemian question“ presented concepts for realization. When the
governments of Stürgkh, Clam Martinic and Seidler/Hussarek declarated the "Kreisordnung“ for Bohemia, there was no chance for acceptance, because the question of the settlement of a Czechoslovak State was decided., Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou, and V křestním jméně pod názvem je chybně napsáno Helmt místo správného Helmut
In East-Central Europe, Marxist humanism embodied one of the most promising theoretical developments of the 1960s. While respecting the unquestionable value of this intellectual current, this article highlights the contradiction between the emancipatory proclamations of humanist intellectuals and their reluctance to recognize certain prevalent forms of oppression. After comparing the humanist approach toward gender-structured themes in the former Czechoslovakia with the contrasting techno-optimist approach, the latter group is shown to have been more sensitive toward women’s issues. Th e article concludes that there was an intrinsic problem in Marxist humanist theory that contributed to this historical shortcoming in its emancipatory eff orts.
This article examines the correspondence between the Austrian author Hermann Bahr and the Czech dramaturge, author and politician Jaroslav Kvapil. It focuses on the years during World War I and the increasingly divergent interests of these two figures. While Bahr is concerned with renewing Austria, Kvapil is engaged in nation building in the newly forming Czechoslovakia. and Článek zahrnuje odkazy pod čarou
This study examines the possibilities and limitations of centralizing reforms within the western part of the Habsburg monarchy, as illustrated by the problematic issue of ennoblement in the Czech lands. The administrative reforms of 1749 resulted in the administrative union of both state entities in a single whole of (all) so-called Hereditary Lands. They also led to the closure of separate offices at court representing the Czech and Austrian lands, replacing them with a single Directorium in publicis et cameralibus, which took over the ennoblement programme hitherto operated by those two offices. Despite the apparently centralizing tendency of the reforms, this did not extend to any unification of entitlements to ennoblement, which continued to be based on particular ranks and titles specific to either the Kingdom of Bohemia or the Archduchy of Austria. It was not until 1752 that, on the urging of Maria Theresa herself, a unified, legally binding system for dispensing preferment and privilege, including a unified scale of aristocratic titles for all the Hereditary Lands, was introduced. In practice, ennoblement rights in the two state entities remained differentiated as to specific titles up until the early 19th century, when the two systems were superseded by a new Austrian Imperial ranking. Thus one of the last relics of the conception of the Czech Crown Lands as an autonomous historical entity finally ceased to exist., Jiří Brňovják., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Na základě archivního materiálu, smlouvy Andrey Lanzaniho s hrabětem Kounicem o provedení maleb s přiloženým náčrtkem s rozměry a tvary malířských polí rekonstruuje předložený text v první části průběh malířských prací na zámku ve Slavkově u Brna, jejich dataci a pohyb malíře mezi Slavkovem a Vídní. Hlavní pozornost se však soustřeďuje na ikonografickou interpretaci celého cyklu Lanzaniho nástěnných maleb. Text se staví proti dosavadní interpretaci maleb Mariny Dell 'Omo jako cyklu s hlubšími významy morálními a mravně naučnými, odvozenými z Boěthiova spisu De consolatione philosophiae. Naopak nově interpretuje malby v souvislosti se svatbou hraběte Kounice a se sochařskou výzdobou zahrad od Giovanniho Giulianiho a nedochovanou malířskou výzdobou zahradního pavilonu jako cyklu maleb oslavujících témata milostná: alegorii ženské krásy, ukazující moc lásky, společně se Štěstěnou v lásce úzce spojené s chodem přírody a cykličností, které se objevují v severní polovině křídla zámku. Podařilo se rovněž nově zpřístupnit archiválii, která dokládá jako literární vzor použitý malířem pro výzdobu zahradního „Casina“ báseň Ercola Udineho Avenimenti amorosi di Psiche. Tento Lanzaniho rukopis přináší podrobný popis námětů maleb zahradního pavilonu a nově tak ukazuje na existenci jednotné ideové koncepce malířské a sochařské výzdoby zahrad slavkovského zámku s tématem Amora a Psyche. Z tohoto důvodu vnímáme slavkovský zámek a jeho výzdobu z přelomu 17. a 18. století jako moravské venkovské sídlo hraběte Kounice spíše než jako reprezentativní rezidenci. Tato stavba naplňovala svým výzdobným programem tradiční teorii, vyzdvihující decorum pro vztah funkce a výzdoby stavby podle starších traktátů, připouštějící pro vily a letní sídla „tutte le seduzioni della leggiadria e del diletto“. Článek rovněž přináší dvě objevené kresby z Biblioteca Ambrosiana z Milána, které sloužily jako přípravné kresby ke slavkovským malbám. and Based on archival material - the contract between Andrea Lanzani and Count Kounic for the execution of a series of paintings and the appended sketches with the dimensions and shapes of the areas to be painted on - the first part of this text reconstructs the course of the painting work done at Slavkov Castle, dates it and describes the painter’s travels between Slavkov and Vienna. Attention centres mostly, however, on the monographic interpretation of the entire cycle of Lanzani’s murals. The text contravenes previous interpretations of the Marina Dell’Omo paintings as a cycle of profound moral and didactic significance derived from Boethius’ De Consolatione Philosophiae. In contrast, it reinterprets the paintings in the context of the sculptural ornamentation of the gardens by Giovanni Giulani and the painted decorations (which have not been preserved) of the garden pavilion as a cycle of paintings celebrating themes of love: an allegory of female beauty, showcasing the power of love along with Fortuna in love bound tightly with the course of nature and its cyclical character, which is to be found in the northern half of the castle wing. At the same time, archival material has newly been made accessible which documents that the literary source used by the painter for the decoration of the garden’s ‘casino’ was the poem ‘Avenimenti amorosi di Psiche’ by Ercole Udine. Lanzani’s manuscript provides a detailed description of the subject matter of the paintings for the garden pavilion and thus points to the existence of a unified conception connecting the paintings and sculptures adorning the gardens of Slavkov Castle on the theme of Amor and Psyche. For this reason, we perceive Slavkov Castle and its decorations from the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries as the Moravian country residence of Count Kounic rather than as his representative palace. This building, with its ornamental programme, was a fulfilment of traditional theory, highlighting decorum in the relationship between the structure’s function and its ornamentation according to older treatises, allowing ‘tutte le seduzioni della leggiadria e del diletto’ for villas and summer residences. In addition, the article furnishes two drawings discovered at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan which served as preparatory sketches for the Slavkov paintings.
This review essay discusses How to Blow Up a Pipeline and Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency by Andreas Malm. The texts are read not as academic research (presupposing methodological neutrality and objectivity of the author), but as an attempt to use the language and arguments of social sciences to revive strategic debates inside the climate movement, with the author openly disclosing his political positions and trying to convince others. Malm argues that the climate movement is now paralyzed by two myths: social-democratic temporality and non-violence. Both are based on flawed logic that advocacy and reformism can convince capitalism – as the primary cause of climate change – to commit suicide before it is too late, and on false historical analogies declaring that pacifism – not only towards people but towards private property as well – is strategically advantageous. But, he argues, since the climate crisis will only get worse and it is the status quo that creates and deepens it there is no time to wait. The climate movement should escalate conflict and directly attack capitalist economic system, not worrying too much about public support. Each book is thus an attempt to imagine an alternative to the movement’s current strategy: climate sabotage in the case of How to Blow Up a Pipeline and ecological leninism in Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency.
We suggest and use a test for evaluation of the accuracy of the harmonic coefficients in the Earth gravity field models (EMs), in which just the harmonics of the order mmin ≤ mm ≤ mmax and degree m ≤ 1 ≤ 1max are selected from the whole EMs. These parts will be called "frequency window(s)" (FWs). We treat the FWs of various recent EMs. One FW has been constructed solely from the resonant results for 12 ≤ m ≤ 15; we call it RFW. This RFW is used as a standard, sometimes independent, for comparing and testing other FWs. By means of the FWs, radius-vectors of the relevant parts of gecid are determined and compared to those of RFW. We intend to evaluate the differences between the EMs and to distinguish the models, FWs differ significantly from the RWF. and Celý článek bude publikován v Bull. Astron. Instit., sv..1985
Berlin critic Leo Berg (1862-1908), once linked with Naturalism, later on highly influenced by Nietzsche, publishes four articles in the Viennese magazine Die Zeit (1895 and 1899). In letters to the Viennese critic Moriz Necker he reflects his difficulties in gaining stronger foothold in the Viennese press scene. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
V době, kdy snad všechny oblasti lidské činnosti i zájmů mají své ilustrované encyklopedie, si zaslouží připomenout, že dochovaným pravzorem pro ně je Komenského Orbis sensualium pictus, nevelká knížka obsahující všech hlavních věcí na světě, všech výkonů života vymalování a jmenování., Ivo Kraus., and Ilustrace
Ciele výskumu. Hlavným cieľom tejto štúdie bolo hlbšie preskúmať názory a presvedčenia žiakov v oblasti fajčenia a pitia alkoholu s využitím kvalitatívneho prístupu a údajov prierezovej štúdie HBSC (Health behaviour in school-aged children) 2013/2014. Cieľom bolo tiež porovnať variabilitu názorov a presvedčení žiakov z hľadiska rodu a veku.
Výskumná vzorka a metódy. Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 75 žiakov 4 základných škôl. Výskumná vzorka kopírovala cieľovú populáciu HBSC štúdie, teda žiakov vo veku 11-, 13- a 15- rokov. Dizajn výskumu bol založený na kvalitatívnom prístupe s využitím elicitácie formou pripravených pracovných listov a iniciačných otvorených otázok. Metódou zberu dát boli pracovné listy a záznamy tichého pozorovateľa.
Výskumná otázka. Aké sú postoje a presvedčenia žiakov ku prezentovaným výsledkom v oblasti fajčenia a pitia alkoholu ich rovesníkov, a aké sú následné odporúčania školákov v týchto oblastiach.
Analýza dát. Získané údaje boli analyzované kvalitatívnou riadenou obsahovou analýzou.
Výsledky. Participanti majú dostatočné informácie predovšetkým o rôznych negatívnych vplyvoch fajčenia a užívania alkoholu na zdravie a život človeka, avšak neuvedomujú si dostatočne vlastný potenciál pri riešení zdravotných rizík. Výsledky naznačili niektoré osobitosti vzhľadom na vek a rod participantov.
Limitácie výskumu. Množstvo a kvalita materiálu získaného od participantov môže byť ovplyvnená nedostatočnou skúsenosťou participantov s diskusnými metódami a aktivitami rozvíjajúcimi aktívny prístup žiakov. Veľkosť diskusných skupín. and Objectives. The main objective of this study was to explore the views and beliefs of school-aged children on smoking and drinking of alcohol, using a qualitative approach and data of the cross-sectional HBSC (Health behaviour in school-aged children) 2013/2014 study. The aim was also to compare the variability of identified views and beliefs in terms of gender and age.
Sample and settings. The sample comprised 75 participants from four Slovak elementary schools. The characteristics of the present sample were similar to those of the target population of HBSC study (11-, 13- and 15-years-old children). The research design was based on a qualitative approach using elicitation in a form of prepared worksheets and initial open questions. The data were collected using worksheets and observer’s records.
Research questions. What are the views and beliefs of school-aged children about the HBSC findings regarding smoking and drinking and what are their recommendations regarding these issues.
Data analysis. A qualitative controlled content analysis was carried out.
Results. Participants have sufficient information particularly about the various negative impacts of smoking and alcohol use on health and life in general. However, they do not realize their own potential in addressing health risks. The results indicated some specifics in terms of the gender and age.
Study limitation. The quantity and quality of the material gained from participants might be affected by their lack of experience with discussion methods and activities aimed at the development of active engagement. Focus groups size.
In this paper, I would like to present the methodological views of two representatives of the early modern Cartesian school: Jacques Rohault and Pierre-Sylvain Régis. Firstly, I want to present the methodological objections of Cartesians to Aristotelian and Scholastic natural philosophy. Then, I want to show how Cartesians strived for a combination of empirical and speculative procedures in their explanations of natural processes. Lastly, I would like to explain the reasons and forms of the hypothetical methodology which was significant for Cartesian natural philosophy. My aim is to refute the idea of the methodological naivety of Cartesians and point out the importance of hypothetical reasoning in the genesis of modern science. and V tomto článku chci představit metodologické názory dvou představitelů novověké karteziánské školy: Jacquese Rohaulta a Pierre-Sylvaina Régise. Předně chci představit metodologické námitky karteziánů proti aristotelské a scholastické filosofii. Dále chci ukázat, jak karteziáni usilovali o kombinaci empirických a spekulativních postupů v jejich vysvětleních přírodních procesů. A nakonec chci vysvětlit důvody a formy hypotetické metodologie, která byla příznačná pro karteziánskou přírodní filosofii. Mým cílem je vyvrátit myšlenku metodologické naivity karteziánů a zdůraznit úlohu hypotetického uvažování při utváření moderní vědy.
The author in his article analyses and compares the literary output of Josef Škvorecký with that one of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński on the background of their reflections on Under Western Eyes, the novel written by Joseph Conrad.
The article focuses on early theatre criticism in Prague and Vienna at the end of the 18th century. It analyzes the argumentational forms and critical strategies. The 1790s are represented by three periodicals: Der Wahrheitsspiegel (Prague 1796-1798), Österreichische Monatsschrift (Prague - Vienna 1793-1794) and Der Theatralische Eulenspiegel (Prague 1797). The study is based on a close reading of six specific theatre critiques. It deals with epoch-typical critical postulates, with taste (Geschmack), impartiality (Unparteilichkeit) and the aesthetic concept of theatre as a real illusion (wahre Täuschung). This analysis of individual attitudes is also a contribution to the description and interpretation of theatre history and repertoire reforms., Alena Jakubcová jun., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rakouský architekt českého původu František Schmoranz mladší (1845–1892) byl zakládajícím ředitelem Uměleckoprůmyslové školy v Praze a v 19. století patřil k průkopníkům vědecky fundovaného orientalismu. Strávil v Egyptě několik let studiem islámské architektury a po návratu do Evropy se stal uznávaným specialistou na orientální stavby i umělecké řemeslo. V roce 1873 byl podle jeho projektu zbudován egyptský pavilon na světové výstavě ve Vídni. Edice představuje fragmenty jeho odeslané osobní i pracovní korespondence, které jsou rozptýleny v různých českých i rakouských archivech. Obsáhlý konvolut chová Wienbibliothek im Rathaus. Dopisy historiku umění Rudolfovi Eitelbergerovi a malíři Bernhardu Fiedlerovi se týkají přípravy historické výstavy islámské architektury, kterou Schmoranz organizoval v roce 1876. Velmi pozoruhodný je dopis architektu Andreasi Streitovi, který informuje o zákulisním dění při volbě výboru pro přípravu slavnostního průvodu k stříbrné svatbě rakouského panovnického páru v roce 1879 a o tenzích mezi vídeňskými umělci, které tuto volbu provázely. Z korespondence uložené v českých archivech jsou do edice zařazeny dopisy z fondu Národního muzea adresované architektu Josefu Schulzovi a Vojtěchu Náprstkovi, v nichž Schmoranz píše o svém pobytu v Káhiře. Schulzova pozůstalost obsahuje ještě další Schmoranzovy listy, z nichž se dozvídáme podrobnosti o přípravě expozice islámské architektury a o Schulzově snaze výstavu reprízovat v Praze. V dalších dopisech Schmoranz referuje o svých aktivitách při pořádání rakouské expozice na světové výstavě v Paříži nebo pražskému kolegovi doporučuje vídeňské řemeslníky. V Památníku národního písemnictví se mj. zachoval Schmoranzův dopis K. B. Mádlovi vztahující se k jeho roli ředitele Uměleckoprůmyslové školy v Praze. and František Schmoranz Jr. (1845–1892), an Austrian architect of Czech origin, was the founding director of the School of Applied Arts in Prague and one of the pioneers of scientifically based Orientalism in the 19th century. He spent several years studying Islamic architecture in Egypt, and upon his return to Europe became a recognised specialist in Oriental buildings and arts and crafts. In 1873, he designed the Egyptian pavilion for the Vienna World’s Fair. This issue presents fragments of both work-related and personal letters that he wrote, which are scattered around various Czech and Austrian archives. A large collection of papers is held by the Wienbibliothek im Rathaus. The letters addressed to the art historian Rudolf Eitelberger and the painter Bernhard Fiedler relate to the preparation of a historical exhibition of Islamic architecture that Schmoranz organised in 1876. A particularly fascinating letter is that sent to the architect Andreas Streit, informing him of goings-on behind the scenes during the election of a committee overseeing the ceremonial parade for the silver wedding of the Austrian royal couple in 1879, and of the tensions between Viennese artists that accompanied the election. From the correspondence stored in Czech archives, the issue includes letters from the National Museum’s collection addressed to the architect Josef Schulz and Vojtěch Náprstek, in which Schmoranz writes about his stay in Cairo. Schulz’s estate contains other of Schmoranz’s papers, from which we learn details of the preparation of an exhibition of Islamic architecture and Schulz’s efforts to reprise the exhibition in Prague. In other letters Schmoranz reports on his activities during the organisation of the Austrian exhibition at the Exposition Universelle in Paris, and recommends Viennese craftsmen to a colleague in Prague. Along with other material, Schmoranz’s letter to Karel Boromejský Mádl regarding the latter’s role as director of the School of Applied Arts in Prague has been preserved at the Museum of Czech Literature.
This article charts the path and the activity of the Andalusian nobleman Pero Tafur in the Czech lands at the end of 1438 and beginning of 1439. The visit formed part of his extensive four-year journey across European countries, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. The main motive was to meet with King of the Romans and of Bohemia Albert II. The meeting occured in February 1439 in Wroclaw, where Tafur arrived via Prague and Saxony in the entourage of the royal chancellor Kaspar Schlick, and from there he continued through Moravia to the south to Austria. The rather obscur testimony of the well-travelled knight is not only a remarable document of this monarch as a person and the contemporary historical context of Albert´s brief reign, but also provides an interesting image of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia in the atmosphere of the slowly extinguishing Hussite wars., Jaroslav Svátek., and Obsahuje literaturu a odkazy pod čarou
From the 1780s on, the court of the Princes of Schwarzenberg generally maintained four or five personal doctors. These privileged positions were frequently held by individuals who also practised as municipal or county physicians. In their castles in Bohemia the Schwarzenbergs also employed surgeons and apothecaries, and in line with the professionalization of medical care during the Enlightenment they attached great importance to the training of health workers. In the first three decades of the 19th century health care in the context of the Schwarzenberg primogeniture became even more specialized and the number of medical staff on the various Schwarzenberg estates increased. In addition to their own physicians, the Schwarzenbergs also entrusted their health needs to eminent medical experts drawn primarily from the Habsburg court and the University of Vienna and later, from the 1830s on, to many doctors working in the Czech Lands. This study considers the relationship between the high nobility as representatives of social elites on the one hand and the Enlightenment medicalization of society with its professionalization of health care on the other. It maps the structure of medical care within one aristocratic family and their estates and its transformation over a fifty‐year period. It also attempts to discover who the Schwarzenbergs’ doctors were and what socio‐cultural background they came from., Václav Grubhoffer., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article presents the results of the social-anthropological field research realized in the town of Tachov and several adjacent villages (especially Lesná, Mýto). It focuses on the mapping of the so called small history, identified through the biographical method, that is, stories related to the lives of the interviewed persons. It analyzes the situation during and after the return migration and final settlement of the region, as it is presented in the memories of the participants of the provesses of settlement, as well as their descendants. The article is structured into several blocks according to the priorities of the narratives, ascertained during the field research. These priorities are: memories of the industry of the pre-war era, the theme of return migrants and settlers, their integration and mutual relations with other ethnic groups. At the same time, it was possible to create an image of the spontaneous tale-telling repertoire. The main purpose of the research was to follow-up with the researches of the region realized in the 1970s and 1980s and to supplement them with new data.
Th e article presents the Marxist feminist perspective on primitive accumulation and early capitalist history put forward by Silvia Federici in her work, Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body, and Primitive Accumulation. According to Federici and other Marxist feminists, Marx’s description of the origins of capitalism lacks an important diff erentiation. Whereas in Capital the main focus is placed on the male, waged proletariat, Federici focuses more on the changes in gender relations and status of women that accompany the process of primitive accumulation. Th e article fi rstly situates the origins of feminist perspectives on primitive accumulation into their historical context and links them with their preceding debates. Th e following sections then present a comparison of Marx’s and Federici’s account of primitive accumulation and the early history of capitalism. Th e article mainly focuses on the forms of primitive accumulation that are absent in Capital. Th ese forms include, above all, a new division of labour, subjugation of reproduction to the needs of capital, and an economical, legal, cultural, and symbolical degradation of women.