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3. " Bójské" spony v Čechách a na Moravě

Creator:
Čižmář, Miloš and Meduna, Jiří
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
doba laténská, Čechy, Morava, spony, La Tène period, Moravia, Bohemia, and fibulae
Language:
Czech
Description:
Dosavadní rozšíření výrazného typu bronzové spony středolaténské konstrukce se zdobeným štítkovým lučíkem se omezuje pouze na středoevropský prostor s jednoznačným těžištěm výskytu v Čechách a na Moravě. Tato skutečnost opravňuje jejich J. Wernerem navržené označení jako „bójské“ spony. Spony získané z oppidálního prostředí ukazují na jejich rámcové datování do rozmezí stupňů LT C2-D1. and The existing distribution of a distinct type of bronze fibula of the Middle La Tène construction with a decorated plate bow is restricted to Central Europe, with a pronounced concentration of finds in Bohemia and Moravia. This fact justifies their designation as “Boiian” fibulae, as proposed by J. Werner. The fibulae acquired from oppida indicate a general dating in the phases LT C2-D1.
Rights:
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7. " Co jest úkolem našeho národa?" v době post-nacionální

Creator:
Šíp, Radim
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
This discussion piece relates to Erazim Kohák’s book Domov a dálava (Hearth and Horizon), a book that has opened up an interesting and fruitful perspective for consideration of the question: What does it mean today to be a Czech? Inspired by Kohák’s emphasis on the attempt of the foremost Czech intellectuals to model their ideals of Czech culture in the context of the wider development of Europe as a whole, the author asks why Europe was the source of the nationalistic way of thinking and he considers how this thinking was the result of certain (unfortunate) conditions and decisions, and how the overcoming of this thinking is what may (paradoxically it would seem) be the new task of the Czech nation.
Rights:
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11. " De sublimacione principum seu rectorum.": Paměť o počátcích panovnického rodu Přemyslovců v proměnách věků

Creator:
Antonín, Robert
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Middle ages, medieval chronicles, Přemyslids, mythology, Czech lands, and the Přemyslid myth
Language:
Czech
Description:
Author of the study presents, on the basis of the analysis of the modifications of the story on the origins of the Přemyslid dynasty in medieval narrative sources (Legend of Kristián, Chronicle of Kosmas, Old Czech Chronicle of the so called Dalimil, ...) as well as their comparison.
Rights:
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12. « Divertissement » und "Sitten-Lehre": Zur gesellschaftlichen Funktion des Tanzes im 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhundert

Creator:
Rentsch, Ivana
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on the social and political implications of the ballet and social dance of the 17th and early 18th centuries. By the end of the 1660s, the idea of demonstration of French power through the allegorical ballets lost its importance, and the court dance functions were transferred to the balls. There, the dancers had to present themselves according to the social hierarchy, and in the manner appropriate to their rank. The fact that the dance ideal, which developed from the late 16th century, and reached its peak during the reign of Louis XIV, applied for the social dance deep into the 18th century, showed itself not only in the period ways of dance music performance, but also in its development.
Rights:
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13. " Doba bronzová": mediálne prepojenie národnej identity a športu - príklad "neúspechu" slovenských športovcov na OH 2012

Creator:
Botiková, Zuzana
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
sports, national identity, failure, celebratory nationalism, banal nationalism, and media discourse
Language:
Czech
Description:
This text deals with the contruction of national identity through sports discourse in media, with the main attention paid to the "failed" performance of Slovak sportsmen at the Olympic Games in London 2012. As Slovaks didn´t repeat their previous medal achievements in London 2012, therefore the media ironically labeled their performance as the "Bronze Age". This study presents the findings of a discourse analysis, which was applied to the sport commentaries published in Slovak press after the London 2012 Olympics. The method of analysis is based on the approach of Norman Fairclough, and therefore social identities, relations and systems of knowledge are distinguished within the studied articles.
Rights:
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14. „ Domácí je politické“?: Hospodyňství v poválečném Československu perspektivou Ústředí československých hospodyň a národněsocialistických poslankyň

Creator:
Láníková, Marie and Souralová, Adéla
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
recognition of housework, housewife, post-war Czechoslovakia, women’s movement, and national socialists
Language:
Czech
Description:
Housework has always been one of the main issues of feminist debates. The aim of the article is to show how the housewife became the subject of political debate. The article focuses on the feminist and political discourse surrounding household chores in post-war Czechoslovakia (1945–1947). Drawing on an analysis of the journal Our Household (Naše domácnost) and discussions in parliament, we argue that after WWII the women’s movement and the National Socialists called for the recognition of domestic work as equal to occupations outside the home. This article contributes to the debates about the recognition of housework by showing how the issue of housework was addressed in a particular period of Czech history and what strategies were employed to improve the representation of household chores and the position of housewives in society
Rights:
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17. " Green” Utopia of the Uralmash: Institutional Effects and Symbolic Meaning

Creator:
Ilchenko, Mikhail
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
socialist city, urban planning, post-Soviet, narrative, and "green city"
Language:
English
Description:
The article examines ideological and institutional role of the “greening” policy in the Soviet urban planning practice of 1920-1930s. Relying on the example of the socialist city of Uralmash in Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) the author traces how the idea of the “green city” affected the development of the urban settlement in terms of its functional mechanism and symbolic transformation. By analyzing the logic of the Uralmash “green” policy and its main narratives he argues that successful improvement of the post-Soviet green zones depends not so much on the new urban city-planning initiatives as on the new symbols and meanings that could give a clear vision of these spaces in the current social and cultural context.
Rights:
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20. " Intonazioni degli Ebrei" from Benedetto Marcello's Estro poetico-armonico in Prague in 1729

Creator:
Milada Jonášová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Denzio, Antonio, 1689-, Marcello, Benedetto, 1686-1739, 1701-1750, muzikologie, musicology, dějiny hudby, history of music, dějiny opery, history of opera, opery, operas, barokní hudba, baroque music, hudební skladatelé, composers, hudební život, musical life, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), 78.01, 78(091), 782(091), 782, 78.034.7, 78.071.1, 78-027.22, and (046)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie Milady Jonášové se zabývá využitím jmenované kantáty italského hudebního skladatele Benedetta Marcella operním impresáriem Antoniem Denziem v pasticciu "Sansone", provedeným v roce 1729 na scéně pražského divadla v paláci hraběte Františka Antonína Sporcka., Milada Jonášová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 51, anglický abstrakt na s. 5.
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23. " Ještě nepatřím do starého železa“ aneb paradoxy migrace péče z ČR do Rakouska

Creator:
Kuchyňková, Andrea and Ezzeddine, Petra
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
female care migration, gender identity, semi-structured interviews, translocal care chains, and living apart
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper focuses on the social situation and social practices of female care migrants (at the age of 50 and above) from the South Moravia (the region of Mikulov, Břeclav) who migrate for work to Austria as domestic workers-caregivers for seniors at regular intervals (circular migration). The main aim of the text is to argue that translocal female migrants paradoxically perceive their labour migration as a specific form of emancipation, despite the fact that they work in the so-called live-in-service jobs (where they live and work in private households) and often experience indignity. While in Austria they work in gendered and very demanding jobs with low wages, circular care migration provides them with the possibility to extend their gender power in the transforming Czech society. There is thus a paradox in that while they are marginalized in Austria, they are empowered on the Czech side of the border. This is achieved through paid reproductive work and better access to income, which leads to personal consumption based on their own interests and overall personal benefit. Special attention is paid to new forms of translocal care chains and new forms of these women’s partner cohabitation (living apart together).
Rights:
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24. " Just another" or a "genuine" change in Slovenian social housing strategy?

Creator:
Cirman, Andreja
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing provision, Slovenia, and housing strategy
Language:
English
Description:
This paper provides an overview of developments affecting Slovenian social housing after the country’s transition to a market economy. It analyses the Slovenian institutional framework, its functioning and critically evaluates its sustainability. The economic and social impacts of the global financial crisis saw the sector face strong challenges and revealed its weaknesses. A new strategic document was adopted in 2015 to respond to the situation. Although this new document offers a transition to the more sustainable and better provision of social housing in practice, it is still too early for optimism since it would not be the first time in Slovenia that a strategic document has primarily remained only on the declaratory level.
Rights:
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30. „ Mesa“ Úhošť v mladším úseku doby bronzové jako nestandardní lokalita, nebo příklad standardních analýz?

Creator:
Waldhauser, Jiří
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
severozápadní Čechy, tabulová hora, doba bronzová, hradiště, dějinný antecendent, northwest Bohemia, mesa, Bronze Age, hillfort, and historical antecedent
Language:
Czech
Description:
Autor reaguje na publikaci archeologického výzkumu na tabulové hoře Úhošť z pera Zdeňka Smrže. Diskusí procházejí přírodní parametry, otázka opevnění a umělého pahorku. Příspěvek zařazuje Úhošť do kontextu dalších tabulových hor ve střední Evropě, které vydaly doklady svého využití od doby bronzové do středověku. and The author responds to the publication of an archaeological excavation conducted at the Úhošť mesa by Zdeněk Smrž. The article addresses the site’s natural parameters, the issue of fortifications and the man-made hilltop, and also places Úhošť in the context of other mesas in Central Europe that have produced evidence of their use from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages.
Rights:
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31. " Moderní apoštolát našich zásad“: Ženský tisk Československé strany lidové v Čechách v předvolebním období 1919 a 1920

Creator:
Fousková, Marie
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
interwar Czechoslovakia, election campaign, political Catholicism, and gender
Language:
Czech
Description:
The municipal elections of 1919 and the parliamentary/senate elections of 1920 gave women their first opportunity to exercise their new right to vote, and as such were important milestones in the forming of women’s new status as equal citizens. The paper analyses election campaigns aimed at female voters in selected periodicals published by the Czech Catholic People’s Party in 1919 and 1920: the newspaper Lid (The People) and the newly established magazine Žena (Woman). It explores the main topics and strategies of the campaign and identifies the underlying concepts of women’s political interests and motivations. The main focus is on the magazine Žena and its attempts to reconcile traditional Catholic femininity and the ‘separate spheres’ model with women’s newfound status as political actors and to create a picture of a new, politically active Catholic woman for its readership.
Rights:
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35. " Naše pouť": Svatojanské Hudební akademie Spolku českých žurnalistů na pozadí proměn svatojanského kultu v letech 1878-1885

Creator:
Petra Kolátorová
Format:
print
Type:
article, studie, studies, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Neruda, Jan, 1834-1891, Smetana, Bedřich, 1824-1884, Bendl, Karel, 1838-1897, Fibich, Zdeněk, 1850-1900, Zelený, Václav Vladimír, 1858-1892, Spolek českých žurnalistů, 19. století, dějiny hudby, hudební skladatelé, hudební život, koncerty, composers, concerts, history of music, musical life, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), 78(091), 78-027.22, 78.091, 78.071.1, and (048.8)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Academies of St John presented by the Society of Bohemian Journalists in the form of a series of orchestral concerts held in Prague took place as a part of celebrations in honour of St John of Nepomuk held each May from 1878 until 1885. The Society of Bohemian Journalists held the events for the purpose of raising money, and on an ideological level, the events were intended to create room for the presentation of orchestral works by Bohemian composers. The organizer of the Academy was the writer, poet, and journalist Jan Neruda, whose feuilletons and reviews in the newspaper Národní listy reflect on the academies that they produced, but on a broader level, they also reveal his attitude towards the saint and the traditional veneration of John of Nepomuk. As a source, this period correspondence of the direct or indirect participants in the Academies of St John or in another project with similar aims (the Slavonic Concerts of the Academic Readers Association) has not previously been exhaustively studied, and it offers insight into Prague’s concert life at the time., Petra Kolátorová., Rubrika: Studie, Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 296-298.
Rights:
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36. " Nechť je slyšena druhá strana": červená kniha v kontextu Jungova pojetí aktivní imaginace

Creator:
Chrz, Vladimír
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Červená kniha, aktivní imaginace, dialog, transcendentní funkce, Red Book, active imagination, and transcendent function
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie se zaměřuje na kontext, který umožňuje porozumění Jungově Červené knize (Liber Novus). Tato kniha je chápána jako dokument o Jungově vlastní aktivní imaginaci. Aktivní imaginace je proces zprostředkovávající mezi vědomou, záměrnou snahou já na jedné straně, a spontánní, autonomní aktivitou nevědomí na straně druhé. Studie se zaměřuje na několik základních aspektů aktivní imaginace a jejich realizaci v Červené knize. and The study focuses on context, which enables the understanding of Jung´s Red book (Liber Novus). This book is understood as a document about Jung´s own active imagination. The active imagination is process mediating between conscious, intentional activity of ego on the one side and spontaneous, autonomous activity of unconsciousness on the other. The study focuses on some basic aspects of active imagination and their realization in the Red Book.
Rights:
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37. „ Neue" Lieder im Gesangbuch Jesličky (1658) von Fridrich Bridelius und ihre Textvorlagen: Bemerkungen zu den Inspirationsquellen der tschechischen barocken Kirchenlieder

Creator:
Marie Škarpová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, studies, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Bridel, Bedřich, 1619-1680, 17. století, duchovní písně, hymnologie, kancionály, literární historie, muzikologie, hymn books, hymnology, literary history, musicology, sacred songs, Čechy (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), 78.01, 82(091), 783.6:781, 783.6, and (048.8)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie Marie Škarpové se zabývá literárními prameny a okruhy duchovních písní, které byly inspirací pro repertoár kancionálu "Jesličky, staré a nové písničky", jehož autorem byl přední český barokní básník a duchovní Fridrich Bridelius., This study deals with that portion of the repertoire of the Czech Advent and Christmas songbook Jesličky (Prague, 1658) by Fridrich Bridelius, which newly appeared in Czech hymnography thanks to this song book, and it summarizes the various results of the search for textual sources from other languages for these “new” songs in Jesličky. It points out their ties to contemporary German written hymnography (of both German and Bohemian provenience) and to Latin hymnography, i.e. to contemporary Latin songs. The text is thus not only a contribution towards discovering the ways that Czech hymnographers of the 17th century became familiar with the new, i.e. baroque, poetic language, but also, above all, an attempt to stimulate further hymnological research on baroque hymnographic works in the early modern history of Central Europe and the interconnections and relationships between them., Marie Škarpová., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 397, anglický abstrakt na s. 377.
Rights:
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43. “ Politics is Nothing but Medicine on a Larger Scale“: How Medical Science Helped To Establish a Political Order in 19th Century Germany

Creator:
Ludwig, Gundula
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
gendered ‘regimes of truth’ about bodies and pathologies,, political order, and history of medicine
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper explores the relationship between normalising bodies and normalising political orders by investigating medical discourses in Germany in the second half of the 19th century. It argues that medical scientists not only presented knowledge about bodies, health, and pathologies, but also used this knowledge to promote a specific form of political order as the ‘true’ and ‘proper’ political order. In the paper, discourses from two different medical fields are analysed. The first part focuses on physiology, because it was not only key in promoting new medicine as a natural science, but also because many of its proponents were involved in the revolution of 1848, and continued to advance democratic ideas after the failed revolution, throughout the second half of the 19th century. It is argued that even though physiologists favoured democracy, their understanding of it was nonetheless narrow and androcentric. The second part focuses on medical sub-disciplines that specifically addressed sexuality and gender, such as psychiatry and sexology. Instead of seeking to advance a democratic political order, protagonists here used their epistemological clout to pathologise and thereby actively discredit ongoing political struggles such as the feminist movement and the socialist movement that aimed to establish a fundamentally different political order. From a feminist perspective the paper reveals how the powerful constructions of ‘sex’ and ‘sexuality’ structured both discourses: Imaginations of ‘sex’ and ‘sexuality’ were deployed to produce and legitimate medical regimes of truths about the body and, as a consequence, about a specific political order.
Rights:
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50. " Sme na jedný lodi": Morálka a ekonomika v prostředí třídy nejchudších

Creator:
Vašát, Petr
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
homelessness, the poorest class, economic practices, strategy of ambivalent moral, moral economy, poverty, marginalization, ethnography, and Czech Republic
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the article is to critically reassess relation between moral and economy of agents from the poorest class. The relational concept of the poorest class designates here homeless, drug-users, and some poor individuals generally that all have common particular social practices on the one hand and a position within of the social space on the other hand.
Rights:
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51. " Staging Encounters" through anthropological and pedagogical practices in urban Central Europe

Creator:
Červinková, Hana and Golden, Juliet
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
ethnography, educational anthropology, participatory action research, pedagogy, memory, and urban laboratory
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this paper, we build on the ongoing disciplinary debate in cultural anthropology concerning changing understanding of contemporary ethnographic practice and consider our pedagogical work with students as a form of what Kim Fortun recently defined as "ethnographic experiment" for contemporary. We describe our methodology in which we are inspired especially by the tradition of educational anthropology and participatory action research to create spaces of collaborative encounters that we call urban laboratories.
Rights:
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52. " Stará myšlenka". Ke 170. výročí třídobé periodizace v české archeologii

Creator:
Sklenář, Karel
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
dějiny archeologie, Čechy, systém tří period, Josef Vojtěch Hellich, Jan Erazim Vocel, history of archaeology, Bohemia, and three-age system
Language:
Czech
Description:
V roce 2013 uplynulo 170 let od přijetí tzv. „systému tří period“ (doba kamenná, bronzová a železná) v české archeologii. V jeho praktickém použití patří priorita Dánu Ch. J. Thomsenovi (publikováno 1836) před soudobými německými badateli (Lisch, Danneil), pro německojazyčnou sféru (včetně české) měl zásadní význam překlad Thomsenova textu do němčiny (1837). V Čechách jej poprvé jednoznačně aplikoval J. V. Hellich, první kustos archeologie v Národním muzeu v Praze, v rukopise rukověti české archeologie z roku 1843 – tedy souběžně s jeho přijetím ve většině evropských zemí jižně od Dánska. Silný odpor proti „skandinavismu“ v německé archeologii 2. pol. 19. stol. neměl v Čechách širší ohlas, spíše tento systém narážel na přetrvávající zaměření české vědy k etnohistorickým interpretacím; teprve na počátku 20. stol. byl zápas obou směrů vybojován ve prospěch plného uplatnění třídobé periodizace v duchu artefaktuálního pozitivismu. and The year 2013 marked the 170th anniversary of the adoption of the ‘three-age system’ (the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age) in Bohemian archaeology. The Dane Christian Jurgensen Thomsen, who published his findings in 1836, is given more credit for the practical application of the three-age system than his contemporaries, the German scholars Lisch and Danneil. The translation of Thomsen’s text into German in 1837 was of fundamental importance for the German-speaking sphere (including Czech). The three-age system was first unambiguously applied in Bohemia by J. V. Hellich, the first curator of archaeology at the National Museum in Prague, in an 1843 manual of Bohemian archaeology, i.e. simultaneously with the adoption of the system in the majority of European countries south of Denmark. The strong resistance to ‘Scandinavism’ in German archaeology in the second half of the nineteenth century was not widely shared in Bohemia. Instead, this system probably ran up against the lingering focus of Bohemian research on ethnohistorical interpretations. It wasn’t until the beginning of the twentieth century that the conflict between the two directions was settled in favour of the full application of the three-age periodisation in the spirit of artefactual positivism.
Rights:
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53. " Stars and flowers": Handel, Haydn, and Mendelssohn in the music history of the Bohemian Lands – a brief account

Creator:
Freemanová, Michaela
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article summarises the position of George Frideric Handel, Joseph Haydn and Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy in the music history of the Bohemian Lands, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. Haydn became one of the leading figures of Bohemian music life during his life-time. Handel’s sacred compositions were known in Bohemia soon after he settled permanently in England. Handel’s and Haydn’s oratorios belonged to the core repertoire both of the Bohemian 19th century music societies and of private concert organisers; Handel’s music was performed arranged either by Mozart or by the controversial Viennese Kapellmeister and composer Ignaz Franz von Mosel. Mendelssohn was the only composer who matched Handel and Haydn in the number of performances of his oratorios in Bohemia.
Rights:
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55. „ Tabuľkové tehotenstvo“ a riziko: naratívy žien o tehotenstve

Creator:
Pešťanská, Zuzana
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
disciplinary power, risk, and emotion
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper aims to demonstrate how the techniques of disciplinary power in prenatal care affect pregnant women. I will illustrate my argument using the results of ethnographic research conducted at the Division of Risk Pregnancy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a hospital in Central Slovakia. The analysis of ethnographic material indicates that although pregnant women are objectified and disciplined in prenatal care, they consider and evaluate the practices of the medical staff. Prenatal care interferes with other social roles which pregnant women play in their life. I interpret the ethnographic material in terms of the concept of disciplinary power developed by Michel Foucault, and in the terms of the theory of moral emotions by Jonathan Haidt. I argue that risk assessment is a part of the techniques of disciplinary power, and that the explicit ascription of feelings of the uncertainty, fear, guilt, and shame to a certain kind of behaviour in pregnancy helps to identify norms that regulate biological reproduction.
Rights:
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57. " Tlusté“ tělo v normalizačním Československu: povinná zdatnost a gender v kampani proti obezitě

Creator:
Appeltová, Michaela
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
obesity, gendered body, embodiment, dis/ability, physical fitness, expert discourse, and late socialism
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article analyses anti-obesity discourse in post-war Czechoslovakia, particularly in the country’s late socialist period. The article conceives of the discourse on obesity as a tool of biopolitical, rather than totalitarian, power, examining the ways expert knowledge, power, and morality worked together to produce a socialist subject. On the first level, it analyses the expert anti-obesity discourse as an example of the expertisation of public discourse in socialist Czechoslovakia. Second, it shows the construction of obesity in contrast to bodily ability, and the stigmatisation of the ‘fat’ body. On the last level, the article focuses on the gendered aspects of the discourse and demonstrates the ways in which the anti-obesity campaign supported the heteronormative framework of late socialism. By examining expert and media discourses, the article argues that the campaign against obesity served as a means to construct a proper socialist body and induce a moral panic about the state of socialism.
Rights:
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59. " Un-led" or "un-authorized" operation?: discerning among the un security council's mandated operations

Creator:
Šmuclerová, Martina
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
coercion, consent, delegation of power, enforcement, hierarchy of norms, international law, international organization, international peace, international security, intervention, mandate, military operation, peacekeeping, sanction, Security Council, United Nations, and use of force
Language:
English
Description:
The revival of the UN Security Council’s regulatory powers after the end of the Cold War as well as new challenges to international peace and security have led to the development and diversification of UN operational tools. In the absence of United Nations’ own material capacities to undertake necessary military action, due to the non-conclusion of agreements provided for in Article 43 of the UN Charter by which UN Member States would commit to provide the necessary force and other assistance to the Security Council upon its call, the latter developed other means. Today, there co-exist two mandated operations by the Security Council vested with the power to use force, each however within a different scope, limits and objective: UN-led “Blue Helmets” and UN-authorized military operations. This functional rapprochement causes nevertheless a great confusion, both in practice and recently in the judicial sphere. Hence, the clarification of the legal regime of each is essential. While the UN-led Blue Helmets vested with the limited power to use force represent the new generation of peacekeeping operations, the UN-authorized operations constitute a decentralized execution of the Council’s enforcement measure. In the latter case the Security Council turns to UN Member States or regional organizations and delegates them its exclusive power to use force under Article 42 of the UN Charter to execute it under set conditions. The limitation of the use of force by the UN-led operation to the strict defence of its civilian mandate does not exempt it from the regime of coercion established under Chapter VII of the UN Charter either. This raises a question of the legal status of this UN-led operation and whether possibly such tool approaches the original concept of UN enforcement forces laid down in Article 43. Analysis of the converging and diverging elements of both operations shows the complexity of this operational domain, the clarification of which is proposed in this article via a legal perspective.
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60. " Velkomoravský stát" – kontroverze středoevropské medievistiky

Creator:
Macháček, Jiří
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Velká Morava, archeologie, raně středověká státnost, raný stát, náčelnictví, Great Moravia, archaeology, early medieval statehood, early state, and chiefdom
Language:
Czech
Description:
Velká Morava patří ke kontroverzním tématům středoevropské medievistiky. Nejedná se totiž o běžný předmět akademického výzkumu, ale o fenomén, který je trvale přítomen v novodobém politickém diskurzu střední Evropy. Myšlenka, že Velká Morava byla nejstarším státem (státním útvarem) středoevropských Slovanů, na který přímo navazovala státnost českých Přemyslovců, polských Piastovců a uherských Arpádovců, tak zůstává ve středoevropském regionu stále živá. Slabina dosavadních přístupů spočívá v tom, že stát byl chápán jako axiom, o jehož existenci se nepochybuje. Současný proud bádání přistupuje k velkomoravské státnosti mnohem kritičtěji. Obrací se, stejně jako moderní evropská medievistika, k etnologii či sociální a kulturní antropologii, v níž hledá opory pro svoje interpretační modely i nové pojmosloví. and Great Moravia is a controversial theme within Central European Medieval studies. Rather than being a standard subject of academic research it is a phenomenon that has been a constant in Central European modern political discourse. The idea that Great Moravia was the earliest state of Central European Slavs, which was a direct predecessor of the statehood of the Czech Přemyslids, the Polish Piasts and the Hungarian Arpáds family, remains very much alive in the Central European region. The weak point of the earlier approaches consists in the fact that the state was taken to be an axiom, the existence of which was not questioned. The contemporary line of research examines Great Moravian statehood from a more critical point of view. Just as with modern European medieval studies it turns to ethnology as well as social and cultural anthropology, where it hopes to find support for its interpretational models and new terminology.
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61. " Výchova k lidskosti prostřednictvím hudby“: Leo Kestenberg jako hudební politik v Berlíně 1918–1933

Creator:
Fontaine, Susanne
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Leo Kestenberg worked from 1918–1932 for the Prussian Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Volksbildung (Ministry of Science, Arts and Public Education). His department looked after opera houses and all music teaching institutions, from nurseries to the Academy of Arts. Implementing the policy of modern thinking, Kestenberg had a decisive influence in shaping the music development of the Weimar Republic, including bringing Paul Hindemith, Franz Schreker, Artur Schnabel and Otto Klemperer to Berlin. Based on his ideas, music education became law; in the field of music education, Prussia became the leading region inside Germany. Kestenberg succeeded due to the post-war situation: besides caring for political and military matters, the political system paid great attention also to culture and especially music. While Kestenberg’s activities at first enjoyed a postive response, even among conservative circles, in the following years, especially after 1933, as a socialist, democrat, Jew and foreigner, he was seen as the epitomy of the hated ‘Weimar System’.
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64. " Životní cyklus" mlecích nástrojů mladoneolitického sídelního areálu s rondelem ve Vchynicích, okr. Litoměřice

Creator:
Řídký, Jaroslav, Půlpán, Marek, Šreinová, Blanka, Šrein, Vladimír, Drnovský, Václav, and Květina, Petr
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
mladý neolit, kultura s vypíchanou keramikou, subsistenční aktivity, kamenné nástroje, dvoudílné ruční mlýnky, chaîne opératoire, rondel, Late Neolithic, Stroke Pottery culture, subsistence activities, stone tools, and grinding stones
Language:
Czech
Description:
Práce se zabývá mlecími nástroji z období kultury s vypíchanou keramikou (STK; 5100/5000 – 4500/4400 cal.BC). Vedle ujednocení české terminologie vztahující se k pravěkým mlecím zařízením a kromě morfometrické či surovinové analýzy nálezového souboru, bylo záměrem této práce studium postupu při výrobě mlýnků z křemenného porfyru (paleoryolitu) a interpretace jejich „životního cyklu“ (chaîne opératoire; operational sequence). Zdroje nejdůležitější suroviny na výrobu mlýnků se nacházejí ve vzdálenosti do 5 km od lokality. Dalším cílem práce bylo interpretovat roli sídelního areálu s rondelem na základě komplexního studia ručních kamenných mlýnků a v konfrontaci s dřívějšími analýzami jiných typů nálezů. Vzhledem k přítomnosti rondelu, zdrojů surovin a strategické komunikační poloze sídelního areálu je možné uvažovat o jeho centrální funkci pro širší okolí. and The paper deals with grinding tools from the Stroke Pottery culture period (STK; 5100/5000 – 4500/4400 cal. BC). Apart from unification of the Czech terminology relating to prehistoric grinding tools and apart from the morphometric or raw material analyses of the find assemblage, this work aims to study the production procedure of millstones from quartz porphyry (palaeorhyolite) and the interpretation of their “life cycle” (chaîne opératoire; operational sequence). The outcrop of the most important raw material for the production of millstones is situated within 5 km far from the site. Another aim of this work was to interpret the possible role of the settlement area with a rondel (circular enclosure, Kreisgrabenanlage) based on a complex study of hand millstones in the light of earlier analyses of other types of finds. With regard to the presence of the rondel, raw material sources and strategic communications location of the settlement area, it is possible to consider its central function within the wider surroundings.
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65. „… als Sie in mir den Tonsetzer der Musikwelt vorgeführt…“: Ein unbekannter Autographer Brief von Wenzel Johann Tomaschek an Hans Georg Nägeli in Zürich

Creator:
Strebel, Harald
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Together with the hitherto unpublished letter of 6 September 1831, Tomášek sent the score of his Requiem op. 70 to the Zurich publisher, music writer and composer Hans Georg Nägeli. The author of the letter expressed his firm belief that due to the “prosperity of music practice in Switzerland” and the influence of the reputable Nägeli, it should not be a problem to find opportunity and funding to put on the enclosed work in that country. With gratitude, Tomášek puts Nägeli in mind of the fact that he had published some of his piano works between 1803 and 1805, calling him “the one to determine the spirit in the music world”. He briefly mentions several of his earlier compositions and, with a great deal of sarcasm, criticizes the contemporary “swamp of bad taste”, in which the audience has recently fallen, misguided by the “mendacious” Rossini and his followers. Tomá‰ek draws Nägeli’s attention to an enclosed article of his called “On Criticism in Relation to Music”, in which he appealed to “all respectable priests of art” to cultivate sensible criticism. He encourages Nägeli not to let his “whip” (meaning his feared sharp pen) “rest until things have changed”.
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68. "Alternativní“ biologický materiál pro rutinní analýzu nukleových kyselin – validace preanalytické fáze vyšetření DNA

Creator:
Beránek, Martin, Hegerová, Jaroslava, and Drastíková, Monika
Format:
braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
biologický materiál - odběr a zpracování--metody--využití, DNA--analýza--izolace a purifikace, techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin--metody--přístrojové vybavení, chemická frakcionace--metody, spektrofotometrie--metody--využití, elektroforéza v agarovém gelu--metody--využití, lidé, financování organizované, and extrakce
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Cíl studie: Výsledek každé analýzy DNA je do značné míry závislý na typu biologického materiálu použitého pro extrakci nukleových kyselin. Cílem naší studie je porovnat vlastnosti DNA extraktů získaných dvěma různými izolačními postupy z buněk bukální sliznice, močového sedimentu, nehtů, vlasových kořínků a periferních krevních buněk. Materiál a metody: Biologické vzorky byly získány od 24 dobrovolníků s mediánem věku 31 let (25–54 let). Izolace DNA byla provedena fenol-chloroformovou extrakcí a pomocí separačních mikrokolonek (Qiagen). Eluční objem byl v obou případech 50 μl. Extrakty byly charakterizovány spektrofotometricky, fluorimetricky, elektroforeticky a z hlediska účinnosti následné PCR amplifikace. Výsledky: Nejvyšší koncentrace DNA obsahovaly extrakty z buněk periferní krve a bukální sliznice; nejnižší koncentrace DNA byly izolovány z vlasových kořínků. Všechny typy extraktů měly uspokojivou čistotu (mediány v rozmezí 1,7–1,9). Podíl nefragmentované DNA ve vzorcích získaných mikrokolonkovou metodou byl téměř dvojnásobný v porovnání s fenolovou extrakcí. Procentuální zastoupení nefragmentovaných molekul klesal podle biologického zdroje v následující řadě: krev (73,3 %) > bukální sliznice (63,5 %) > močový sediment (31,3 %) > nehty (25,3 %) > vlasy (20,4 %). Amplifikační účinnost u extraktů z periferní krve, bukálního stěru a močového sedimentu byla vyšší než u extraktů z nehtů a vlasů. Závěr: Všechny analyzované extrakty pocházející z krevních buněk, bukální sliznice, močového sedimentu, nehtů a vlasů poskytly dostatek DNA molekul k provedení molekulárně biologických vyšetření. Nejvhodnějšími materiály byly krevní buňky a buňky bukální sliznice. Z nich připravené extrakty měly nejvyšší koncentraci a čistotu DNA bez ohledu na použitou izolační metodu, nejnižší podíl degradované DNA a nejvyšší účinnost amplifikace krátkých i dlouhých amplikonů., Objective: Results of DNA testing depend in many cases on the type of biological material used for extraction of nucleic acids. The aim of the study is to compare properties of DNA extracts prepared using two different isolation procedures from buccal cells, urine sediment, nails, hair roots, and peripheral blood cells. Material and Methods: Biological material was collected from 24 volunteers at median age of 31 years (range 25–54 years). Phenol–chloroform extraction and spin microcolumn extraction method (Qiagen) were used for DNA isolation. In both the procedures, the elution volume was 50 μl. The extracts were characterized optically (UV spectrophotometric and fluorimetric analyses), electrophoretically, and by PCR amplification efficiency. Results: The highest DNA concentrations were found in extracts from peripheral blood and buccal cells; the lowest DNA concentrations were in hair extracts. All types of the extracts had acceptable purity (medians 1.7–1.9). The content of nonfragmented DNA molecules in the microcolumns extracts was almost twofold higher in comparison to the phenol ones. The percentages of non-fragmented DNA decreased as follows: blood (73.3 %) > buccal cells (63.5 %) > urine sediment (31.3 %) > nails (25.3 %) > hair roots (20.4 %). The amplification efficiency in the peripheral blood, buccal swab, and urine extracts was significantly higher than in the nail and hair extracts. Conclusion: All analyzed DNA extracts received from blood, buccal cells, urine sediment, nails, and hair roots provided a sufficient number of integral DNA molecules for following DNA testing. The best quality of DNA was found in extracts from blood and buccal cells (high concentrations and purity, low degree of fragmentation, and high efficiency of amplification for either short or long PCR amplicons)., Beránek M., Hegerová J., Drastíková M., and Literatura 25
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69. „Antiamerikanismus“ z Ameriky

Creator:
Hála, Vlastimil
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Známý kritik politiky Spojených států, lingvista a filozof Noam Chomsky v této publikaci rozvíjí své již dříve vyslovované teze a argumenty. Recenzent považuje jeho snahu zastávat se politicky marginalizovaných subjektů za sympatickou a leckteré postřehy za výstižné, vyčítá mu však jednostranné protiamerické zaujetí a zjednodušování problémů. V českém prostředí, kde jsou média naladěna naopak zřetelně proamericky, nicméně pokládá tuto knihu za užitečnou. and In the volume under review, the Czech translation of Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance (2003), Noam Chomsky, the well-known critic of US policy, a linguist, and philosopher, develops his earlier ideas and arguments. The reviewer considers Chomsky’s attempt to stand up for the politically marginalized to be an engaging one, and sees some of his observations as apposite. Nevertheless, the reviewer reproaches Chomsky for his one-sided anti-Americanism and oversimplification of the problems. All in all, however, the reviewer considers the work useful for Czechs, whose news media are clearly pro-American.
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70. "Anžto vy znáte můj pokleslý vkus...": Josef Adam ze Schwarzenbergu a jeho zámecke divadlo v Českem Krumlově v letech 1766-1768 : nové poznatky a souvislosti

Creator:
Helena Kazárová
Format:
print
Type:
article, studie, studies, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
kníže, Schwarzenberg, Josef Adam, 1722-1782, Scarlatti, Giuseppe, 1712-1777, Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 1714-1787, 18. století, dějiny divadla, dějiny hudby, muzikologie, opera, zámecká divadla, šlechta, chateau theaters, composers, history of theater, musicology, nobility, Český Krumlov (Česko), Český Krumlov (Czechia), 78.01, 78(091), 792(091), 929.7, 792.05:728.82, 782, and (048.8)
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study deals with the relationship of Prince Joseph Adam von Schwarzenberg to music and theatre and with the way in which his theatrical preferences revealed themselves in the repertoire of his private castle theatre in Cesky Krumlov from 1766 until 1768. Through a careful study of the extant sources (correspondence, libretti, scores and parts, accounting books etc.), the author has managed to specify the reasons for the precipitous renovation of the castle theatre in late 1765 and early 66 and to determine what specific dramatic works were performed there. Among other things, she has succeeded in compiling the entire list of performances planned for the fourteen-day wedding celebration in the summer of 1768. The author furthermore focuses on information about the musicians who were then in the princes services and also about commissioned musical instruments and musical scores and parts., Helena Kazárová., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 45.
Rights:
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72. „Boves" jako součást donace staroboleslavské kapituly

Creator:
Mlíkovský, Jiří
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Donation of Stará Boleslav chapter includes statement on duties of several Moravian, i.e. geographically distant subjects, which had to pay to the chapter ‘marchae’ and ‘boves’. The Latin word ‘boves’ (sg. ‘bos’) has been traditionally translated as ‘cattle’. However, this interpretation is not consistent with archeozoological data. It is argued, that ‘bos’was a literal translation of Czech word ‘skot’, which meant both (domestic) cattle and a kind of currency in the Middle Ages. Moravian subjects thus probably paid to the Stará Boleslav chapter taxes in money, not in cattle.
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74. „Česká otázka” ve světle stalinismu

Creator:
Šámal, Petr
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie je věnována Kosíkovu výkladu české radikální demokracie, jak jej podal na přelomu čtyřicátých a padesátých let minulého století. Autor předkládá tezi, podle níž byla jedním z cílů Kosíkových textů o tomto politickém hnutí konceptualizace levicového radikalismu. Úvodní část statě rekapituluje a hodnotí historiografické práce mapující vztah umění a politiky, respektive kulturní politiku v období takzvaného stalinismu (knihy Alexeje Kusáka a Jiřího Knapíka), a předkládá základní charakteristiku levicového radikalismu, chápaného jako životní postoj charakteristický pro relativně krátké období počátků totalitního režimu. V oblasti umění se tento utopický, normativně uzavřený koncept projevoval extrémně instrumentálním přístupem k uměleckému dílu, jehož primárním smyslem měla být spoluúčast na budování „nového“ světa. Karel Kosík je ve studii chápán jako čelný představitel generace mladých komunistů, jenž měl zásadní podíl na založení nového filozofického diskurzu a který formuloval nové výkladové paradigma dějin českého politického a filozofického myšlení 19. století. Druhá část studie shrnuje důvody, proč lze Kosíkovým textům o radikální demokracii přikládat v rámci soudobého diskurzu specifické postavení. Hlavním argumentem je skutečnost, že vedle názorů Zdeňka Nejedlého představovaly Kosíkovy texty (vyznačující se v některých případech výraznou ideologičností a spojováním odborného stylu s prvky politické žurnalistiky) nejvýraznější dobovou tematizaci „české otázky“. Kosíkův výklad radikální demokracie je představen v komparaci se staršími marxistickými výklady dějin 19. století (Jana Švermy, Záviše Kalandry, Václava Čejchana). V závěru textu je naznačen Kosíkův konstrukt „pokrokové“ linie českých dějin, který byl založen na představě „revolučnosti“, a jeho pojetí „české otázky“. and The article is concerned with the interpretation of Czech radical democracy as postulated by the Marxist philosopher Karel Kosík (1926–2003) in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It argues that one of the aims of Kosík’s writing about this political movement was to conceptualize leftwing radicalism. It begins with a recapitulation and assessment of historiographical work charting out the relationship between art and politics, particularly policy on culture and the arts in the period of Stalinism (referring to works by Alexej Kusák and Jiří Knapík), and presents the basic feature of leftwing radicalism, which is understood as an attitude characteristic of the relatively short period from the beginning of the totalitarian régime. In the sphere of art this utopian, normatively closed concept was manifested by an extremely utilitarian approach to a work of art, whose primary purpose was meant to be participation in building a “new” world. In this article Kosík is seen as a leading member of the generation of young Communists who had a substantial share in establishing a new philosophical discourse and formulated new criteria for interpreting the history of nineteenth-century Czech political and philosophical thought. The second part of the article summarizes the reasons Kosík’s writings about radical democracy should be given a special status in today’s discourse. The main argument is the fact that, apart from the opinions of Zdeněk Nejedlý, Kosík’s writings (marked in some cases by a strikingly ideological character and the mixing of academic style with elements of political journalism) presented the most sharply defined discussion of the “Czech Question” at the time. Kosík’s interpretation of radical democracy is presented in comparison with earlier Marxist interpretations of the history of the nineteenth century (by Jan Šverma, Záviš Kalandra, and Václav Čejchan). In the conclusion of the article Kosík’s construct is called the “progressive” line of Czech history, which was based on the idea of “revolutionary spirit” (revolučnost) and his understanding of the “Czech Question.”
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77. „Dívej se, abys viděl.” Rozhovor s Jarmilou Kubíkovou u příležitosti jejích osmdesátin

Creator:
Pavel Špryňar
Format:
print
Type:
article, jubilejní články, festschriften, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Přírodní vědy. Matematické vědy, Kubíková, Jarmila, 1933-, botanika, ekologie rostlin, ochrana přírody, rozhovor, botany, plant ecology, nature conservation, interview, 6, and 5
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pavel Špryňar.
Rights:
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78. "DNA barcoding" is of limited value for identifying adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) but supports traditional morphological taxonomy

Creator:
Žurovcová, Martina, Havelka, Jan, Starý, Petr, Věchtová, Pavlína, Chundelová, Daniela, Jarošová , Andrea, and Kučerová, Lucie
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Adelgidae, aphids, species identification, systematics, and DNA barcoding
Language:
English
Description:
The sequence diversity in the mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) gene was evaluated as a tool for resolving differences among species of European adelgids collected from several localities across the Czech Republic. Members of 7 genera and 16 species were examined, and as outgroups, two species of Phylloxeridae were used. Sequence divergences within species were on average less than 0.15%, whereas divergences between species ranged from 0.0 to 4.12% for congeneric and to 13.24% for intergeneric comparisons. It is concluded that DNA barcoding of Adelgidae is a powerful tool for identifying genera, but at the species level it works only in those cases where there are no species complexes. Nevertheless, it can be used as a complement to traditional, morphological taxonomy.
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79. "Elephant trunk" and endovascular stentgrafting--a hybrid approach to the treatment of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm

Creator:
Holubec, Tomáš, Raupach, Jan, Dominik, Jan, and Vojáček, Jan
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
dospělí, aneurysma hrudní aorty--komplikace--diagnóza--chirurgie, cévy - implantace protéz--metody, endovaskulární výkony--metody, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and stenty
Language:
English
Description:
A hybrid approach to elephant trunk technique for treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms combines a conventional surgical and endovascular therapy. Compared to surgery alone, there is a presumption that mortality and morbidity is reduced. We present a case report of a 42-year-old man with a giant aneurysm of the entire thoracic aorta, significant aortic and tricuspid regurgitation and ventricular septum defect. The patient underwent multiple consecutive operations and interventions having, among others, finally replaced the entire thoracic aorta with the use of the hybrid elephant trunk technique. and T. Holubec, J. Raupach, J. Dominik, J. Vojácek
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80. „Esse apparens” a jeho role v Auriolově výkladu smyslového vnímání

Creator:
Lukáš Lička
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, Aureoli, Petrus, asi 1280-asi 1322, teologie a filozofie, smyslové vnímání, smyslové klamy, theology and philosophy, senses and sensation, sensory illusion, "esse apparens", intentional being, perceptual realism, argument from illusion, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
The main aim of this paper is to propose an adequate interpretation of the concept esse apparens (apparent being) which was used by Franciscan philosopher and theologian Peter Auriol (c. 1280-1322), especially focusing on his account of sensory perception. Drawing on an analysis of the relevant passages of the commentary on the Sentences by Auriol, first, I introduce his famous account of sensory illusions, and then his own claims about the nature of esse appparens (Auriol refuses to treat it either as a separate entity serving as a mediator of perception, or as only an extrinsic denomination of the perceived object). In the next part, I reject the interpretation which identifies esse apparens with mental representation. In my opinion, it is more appropriate to place this concept into the context of scholastic doctrine of objectiver or intentional being (popularized mainly by Duns Scotus and his disciples). At the end of the paper, I return to Auriol's account of illusions and show that it is compatible with esse apparens being understood as mode of being., Lukáš Lička., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
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83. „Inverzní“ syndrom Fostera-Kennedyho u nitrolebního meningeomu: kazuistika

Creator:
Dúbravská, Zlatica, Řehák, Svatopluk, Korda, Vladimír, Langrová, Hana, Studnička, Jan, Řehák, Jiří, and Malec, Rudolf
Type:
model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
Subject:
nádory mozku--diagnóza, meningeom, magnetická rezonanční tomografie--metody, příznaky a symptomy, atrofie optického nervu, diferenciální diagnóza, and lidé
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Autoři prezentují případ vzácného ?inverzního? syndromu Fostera-Kennedyho, který byl zpočátku zdrojem diagnostických rozpaků. Na základě klinických příznaků a výsledků grafických vyšetření autoři diskutují původ klinických projevů, jehož příčinou byl nitrolební meningeom. Pokud se nepodaří uspokojivě vysvětlit klinické příznaky ? centrální skotom s atrofií papily nebo druhostranné městnání na očním pozadí očním původem, je třeba včas indikovat grafická vyšetření mozku a vyloučit intrakraniální tumor., Zlatica Dúbravská, S. Řehák, V. Korda, H. Langrová, J. Studnička, J. Řehák, R. Malec, and Lit.: 10
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85. "Ipsum Est Omnia in Omnibus": Matěj of Janov and the redemption of corporeal man according to Regulae veteris et novi testamenti V:8

Creator:
Kullerud, Ole Fredrik
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, Matěj z Janova, asi 1355-1393, teologové, filozofie, vykoupení, theologians, philosophy, redemption, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ole Fredrik Kullerud. and Obsahuje bibliografii
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86. „Jak se to tedy mělo dělat jinak?”

Creator:
Křen, Jan and Seifter, Pavel
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Oba historici, tentokrát jako pamětníci, si kladou otázku, které se dotkl Petr Pithart ve své memoárové knize Devětaosmdesátý (Praha, Academia 2009): co se dalo udělat, aby se na konci roku 1989 v Československu zabránilo svévolnému ničení a rozkrádání materiálů Státní bezpečnosti a jiných archivních dokumentů? Zpochybňují přitom Pithartovo konstatování, že tento stav byl důsledkem daných společenských poměrů a že nebylo možné jej zásadně ovlivnit. Řešení podle jejich přesvědčení nabízela Historická komise Občanského fóra, jejímiž členy sami byli a jejíž koncepční návrhy na zabezpečení a uchování archivních dokumentů i další aktivity z prosince 1989 a ledna 1990 připomínají. Zamýšlejí se také nad tím, proč tyto návrhy nebyly v Koordinačním centru Občanského fóra vyslyšeny., In this contribution, the authors, both historians, but this time as eye-witnesses, ask the question that Petr Pithart touched upon in his memoirs, Devětaosmdesátý (Eighty-nine; 2009): What could have been done to prevent the widespread destruction and theft of secret-police files and other archive records in Czechoslovakia in late 1989? The authors cast doubt on Pithart’s claim that this state of affairs was a result of the situation in society and that it was impossible to influence it in any fundamental way. The solution, the authors believe, was offered by the Historical Commission of the Civic Forum, of which they were members, whose draft proposals for the security and preservation of archive records, as well as other work from December 1989 and January 1990, they discuss here. They also discuss why these proposals were not given a fair hearing in the Coordinating Centre of the Civic Forum., and Diskuse
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87. „Je třeba vyrovnat se s řáděním pravicových živlů"

Creator:
Vondrová, Jitka
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
V této edici Jitka Vondrová předkládá dosud neznámý elaborát historika Václava Krále nazvaný „Informace o stavu československé historiografie“, který byl předán 21. srpna 1969 – tedy v den prvního výročí invaze armád Varšavské smlouvy do Československa – na sovětském velvyslanectví v Praze a určen v prvé řadě do rukou tajemníka pro ideologii Ústředního výboru Komunistické strany Sovětského svazu Pjotra I. Děmičeva. Editorka dokument objevila v materiálech oddělení propagandy ÚV KSSS v Ruském státním archivu pro nejnovější dějiny (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj archiv novejšej istorii) v Moskvě. Obsahem dokumentu je hodnocení poměrů ve zdejší historiografii nejnovější doby z krajně dogmatických pozic. Pisatel „odhaluje“ mocnou nátlakovou skupinu, respektive „teroristický gang“ mezi historiky, která se s pomocí „reakčních živlů“ v ústředních orgánech KSČ (tedy reformních komunistů) pokouší ovládnout mocenské pozice v historiografii a zvrátit výklad československých dějin ve 20. století od pojetí marxistického k buržoaznímu ve smyslu masarykovské ideologie. Za vůdce této skupiny označuje Milana Hübla a Jana Křena, mezi další její protagonisty řadí například Viléma Prečana, Milana Otáhala, Karla Bartoška nebo Václava Kurala. Identifikuje také centra „kontrarevoluce v historiografii“, zejména Ústav dějin KSČ, Vysokou školu politickou ÚV KSČ, oddělení nejnovějších dějin v Historickém ústavu ČSAV a Českou historickou společnost. Závěrem uvádí konkrétní návrhy na reorganizaci jednotlivých historických institucí a doporučuje propustit a zcela vykázat z odborné sféry přibližně sto čtyřicet historiků. V obsáhlém úvodním komentáři editorka zasazuje dokument do kontextu politických aktivit radikálně levicového křídla v Komunistické straně Československa po srpnu 1968 a také do souvislostí tehdejšího vývoje československé historiografie a kariéry autora dokumentu. Václav Král (1926–1983) byl marxistický historik skálopevně dogmatického myšlení a zabýval se nejnovějšími československými dějinami, zejména obdobím zániku první republiky a německé okupace. Svou kariéru započal v padesátých letech, v roce 1962 se stal ředitelem Československo-sovětského institutu. Během šedesátých let se však ideologická schémata, jimiž nahlížel na dějiny, stávala předmětem kritiky a Král se odborně ocital v izolaci od hlavního proudu československého dějepisectví, jehož protagonisté usilovali o restituci historiografie jako kritické vědy a její osvobození od přímé závislosti na politice. Jeho šance znovu přišla po vpádu intervenčních vojsk, kdy se intenzivně zapojil do činnosti krajní levice, v komunistické straně. Ta sloužila jako přímá páka sovětského vlivu, předkládala radikální požadavky na odsouzení „pražského jara“ jako kontrarevoluce a odvolání všech jeho stoupenců a tlačila i nového generálního tajemníka ÚV KSČ k zaujímání stále konformnějších prosovětských stanovisek. Václav Král si přitom ve svém elaborátu vyřizoval i osobní účty s historiky, kteří ho kritizovali. Brzy poté sám nemilosrdně realizoval politiku čistek v praxi v Československo-sovětském institutu a v Historickém ústavu. V čase „normalizace“ pak svou pozici historického prominenta dále upevnil, když se stal předsedou vědeckého kolegia ČSAV, vedoucím katedry historie na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Karlovy a byl jmenován profesorem., In this edition, Jitka Vondrová presents a hitherto unknown report by the historian Václav Král (1926–1983). Entitled “Informace o stavu československé historiografie” (Information on the State of Czechoslovak Historiography), the report was presented at the Soviet Embassy, Prague, on 21 August 1969 (on the first anniversary of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact intervention in Czechoslovakia), and was intended primarily for Piotr N. Demichev, Secretary for Ideology at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Vondrová discovered the document amongst material of the Propaganda Department of the CPSU in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, Moscow. The document is an assessment of the state of Czechoslovak contemporary history from extremely dogmatic positions. Král “exposes” a powerful interest group, which he portrays as a “terrorist gang,” amongst the historians. With the help of “reactionary elements” in the central organs of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (that is, the reform Communists) the group was trying to gain the upper hand in historiography and return the interpretation of Czechoslovak history in the twentieth century from the Marxist conception to the bourgeois in the sense of Masarykian ideology. He calls Milan Hübl (1927–1989) and Jan Křen (b. 1930) the leaders of the group, which included Vilém Prečan (b. 1933), Milan Otáhal (b. 1928), Karel Bartošek (1930–2004), and Václav Kural (b. 1928). He also identifies the centre of “counter-revolution in historiography,” particularly the Institute of History of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the Party University, the Department of Contemporary History in the Institute of History at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, and the Czech Historical Society. He concludes with some concrete proposals for the reorganization of the individual institutions of historical research, and recommends dismissing about 140 historians and banning them from the field altogether. In a comprehensive introduction, the editor puts this document into the context of the political activities of the radically left wing of the Czechoslovak Communist Party after the Soviet-led occupation in late August 1968 and also into the context of contemporaneous developments in Czechoslovak historiography and the career of the author of the document. Král was a dogmatic Marxist historian of contemporary Czechoslovak history, particularly of the end of the First Republic and the German occupation. His career began in the 1950s, and in 1962 he became head of the Czechoslovak-Soviet Institute., In the 1960s, however, the ideological models he employed in historiography came under criticism, and Král found himself isolated from the mainstream of Czechoslovak historiography as the leading historians endeavoured to have historiography restored as a critical discipline free from direct dependence on politics. Král was given another chance after the Soviet-led military intervention, when he became seriously involved in the extreme left wing of the Communist Party. A direct instrument of Soviet influence, this wing of the CPCz put forward radical demands for the condemnation of the “Prague Spring” as a counter-revolution and for the dismissal of all those who supported it. It also put pressure on the new general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPCz to take up increasingly conformist, pro-Soviet positions. In his report, Král is also settling personal accounts with historians who criticized him. Soon after writing it, he himself mercilessly carried out the policy of purges in the Czechoslovak-Soviet Institute and the Historical Institute. In the period of “Normalization” he then shored up his own position as a prominent historian when he became Chairman of the Academic Board of the Czechoslovak Academy and Head of the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, and was also given a professorship., and Dokumenty
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88. „Jen trochu blíže, Hrdobci...” aneb ne každý hovnivál válí

Creator:
František Sládeček
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, brouci, životní prostředí, entomology, beetles, environment, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Biologie dekompozitorů byla vždy tak trochu na druhé koleji širšího vědeckého i veřejného zájmu. Není se trochu čemu divit – než se přehrabovat v něčem nevábném, je pohodlnější pozorovat zvířata na rostlinách či jejich predátory. Nicméně dekompozitoři si naši pozornost zaslouží už jen tím, že po nás uklízejí, ať jde o kontinuální úklid koprofágů, tak o jednorázový úklid, který po nás provedou nekrofágové, a tím pomáhají udržovat to krásné a přitažlivé v chodu a stabilitě. Z koprofágů se již od věků pyramid těší jisté pozornosti koprofágní brouci, nicméně za poslední léta o nich v naší literatuře mnoho slyšet nebylo. Cílem tohoto článku je tedy představit širší veřejnosti tyto koprofágní brouky s jejich osobitou a zajímavou ekologií, která zajímavě ovlivnila jednu lidskou kulturou., Dung beetles are introduced as an important and interesting ecological group. Their ecology, what they eat and their impact on human culture and society are reviewed. Although they are no longer considered to be a deity, dung beetles still prove to be highly beneficial for both nature and human society, thanks to their degradation of dung., and František Xaver Jiří Sládeček.
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89. „Jsou to berani, ale můžeme je využít”

Creator:
Matějka, Ondřej
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this article the author examines the coexistence of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and the Communist regime in the fi rst several years after the Communist takeover, 1948–56. The first part of his analysis, inspired by French and German research on the social history of power by Sandrine Kott and Thomas Lindenberger, outlines the points of contact as well as ideological and political affinities between Protestants and Communists before the February 1948 takeover. These were particularly clear in the Protestant weekly Kostnické jiskry (Sparksfrom Constance) after the Second World War. Owing to this rapprochement andalso to their refl exes developed for survival in the unfavourable circumstances the Protestant minority adapted with relative success to conditions in the Communist dictatorship. To consolidate themselves, they skilfully used instruments offered by the regime, such as “voluntary” work groups (brigády), while the regime relied on Protestants (particularly ministers) in some of its important political strategies such as collectivization and elections. The author pays particular attention to the theologian and philosopher Josef Lukl Hromádka (1889–1969), who was, in his day, a central figure amongst Czechoslovak Protestants. His “instrumentalization” also operated in two directions: in the West, as a representative of Christian peace activities, he helped to create the illusion of religious freedom in Communist Czechoslovakia, but he also served Protestants as a “shield” and mediator enabling them to establish and maintain contacts with Western theologians. In the article the author also seeks to demonstrate that assiduous analysis of archive records of State, Party, and Church provenance reveals the inner contradictions in the Communist apparat regarding relations with the churches and its own powers as well as links of alliance amongst some of its organs and the churches.
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92. „Konkrétná logika“ – ideové vlivy a proměny v souvislosti s vývojem Masarykovy filosofie

Creator:
Svoboda, Jan
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
“concrete logic”,, Masaryk’s realism, classification and the system of sciences, scientific metaphysics, and sense and value
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Grounds of Concrete Logic (Základové konkretné logiky) is often taken to be a work in which Masaryk attempts to outline, in a methodical way, his conception of philosophy as “a real scientific metaphysics”. Nevertheless, we often hear from the Masaryk’s critics, and even from his followers, that the book appears to be no more than a transcription of Comte’s Cours de philosophie positive. Even if the classification of the sciences was one of the main philosophical and scientific problems with which Masaryk was engaged throughout his life, in the emphasis on concrete sciences, and in the working out of the relations between particular sciences and categories, Masaryk goes beyond Comte. This point is supported, at the same time, by the many critical notes concerning the inadequacy of Comte’s epistemological grounding, which Masaryk links, above all, to a critique of Comte’s phenomenalism. The specific quality and the critical reference of the book for future generations of Czech philosophers consists in its principled status and realist aim. Concrete logic should bring us to the ultimate ontological points of departure – to things themselves. In his prioritising of the need to seek the sense of things, Masaryk belongs to the modern thinkers who showed to Czech philosophy new possibilities and ways of approach to reality in a strictly scientific spirit.
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94. „Krvemlýnek“ ve střevě klíštěte

Creator:
Daniel Sojka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, klíšťata, enzymy, molekulární biologie, hematofágní hmyz, krev, ticks, enzymes, molecular biology, bloodsucking insects, blood, molekulární modely, klíště obecné, Ixodes ricinus, Common Tick, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Klíšťata sají obrovské množství krve, která je jejich jediným zdrojem živin a energie. Přesný enzymatický mechanismus zpracování krve ve střevě klíšťat však kupodivu nebyl donedávna vůbec znám. Náš komplexní molekulární model trávení hostitelského hemoglobinu u klíštěte obecného (Ixodes ricinus) poprvé odhalil analogii enzymatického aparátu s krevsajícími ploštěnci a hlísticemi, a zároveň tato znalost představuje zásadní poznatek pro účinný boj s klíšťaty a jimi přenášenými patogeny., Ticks (in this case Ixodidae and Argasidae) feed on enormous amounts of host blood, which provides their ultimate source of energy and nutrients. There has been only limited evidence on the exact molecular mechanisms of blood digestion in ticks. For the first time, our complex enzymatic model of proteolytic digestion in the Common Tick (Ixodes ricinus) reveals the analogy of tick intestinal proteolysis with bloodfeeding platyhelminthes and nematodes and presents a future application potential in tick or tick-borne pathogen interventions., and Daniel Sojka.
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95. „Liver first approach“ u synchronních metastáz kolorektálního karcinomu: Předběžné výsledky nerandomizované studie

Creator:
Pudil, Jiří, Batko, Stanislav, Menclová, Kateřina, Blaha, Milan, and Ryska, Miroslav
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
nádory jater--chirurgie--sekundární, kolorektální nádory--komplikace, metastázy nádorů--terapie, výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče), chemoterapie adjuvantní, statistika jako téma, dospělí, staří, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and lidé středního věku
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Úvod: U 60 % nemocných s kolorektálním karcinomem jsou diagnostikovány jaterní metastázy (JMKRK), ať už v době stanovení diagnózy, nebo v průběhu léčby. Chirurgická léčba je jedinou potenciálně kurabilní metodou s pětiletým přežíváním dosahujícím cca 50 %. Jaterní resekci však podstoupí méně než 20 % pacientů s JMKRK. Společnou snahou onkologů a chirurgů je navýšit počet resekovaných pacientů. Jedním z postupů, jak navýšit resekabilitu JMKRK, je „liver first approach“ (LFA). Autoři prezentují vlastní předběžné výsledky této metody. Metody: Do multicentrického grantu IGA MZ NT 13660 – Hodnocení kvality multimodální péče u nemocných s jaterními metastázami kolorektálního karcinomu – bylo od září 2012 do ledna 2015 zařazeno v ÚVN 102 pacientů. LFA jsme použili u 12 pacientů (12 %). Po příznivé léčebné odpovědi neoadjuvantní systémové léčby jsme pacienty indikovali k resekci jater. U 11 pacientů se jednalo o mnohočetné (>4 meta) bilobární postižení. V jednom případě se jednalo o objemnou solitární metastázu pravého jaterního laloku. Primární tumor byl u 9 nemocných v rektu, u 3 v oblasti rektosigmatu, 3 pacienti měli derivační kolostomii, ostatní byli bez poruchy pasáže. Výsledky: U 11 pacientů jsme provedli R0 resekci jaterních metastáz, 3x jsme indikovali dvoufázovou hepatektomii s portální embolizací (PVE), 1x jsme pro progresi po PVE ustoupili od 2. fáze). Velkou resekci jsme provedli 7x, neanatomickou resekci včetně RFA 11x (6x v kombinaci s velkou resekcí). Perioperační mortalita byla nulová, morbidita 33 % (Dindo-Clavien >2). 10 pacientů absolvovalo adjuvantní chemoterapii, 7 z nich včetně radioterapie malé pánve pro lokálně pokročilý tumor rekta. U 7 pacientů (58 %) jsme doplnili resekci primárního tumoru. V současné době zemřeli na progresi onemocnění 2 pacienti (17 %), progresi onemocnění jsme zaznamenali u 6 pacientů (50 %). Závěr: LFA považujeme za vhodný především u pacientů s generalizovaným tumorem rekta, kdy lze po resekci jater adjuvantní systémovou léčbu kombinovat s radioterapií malé pánve. Otázkou zůstává načasování operace primárního tumoru, kdy je nutné vyloučit recidivu jaterních metastáz, která se objevuje u více než 50 % pacientů. Profit LFA musí být prokázán randomizovanými studiemi., Introduction: Liver metastases are diagnosed in 60% of patients with colorectal cancer, both at the time of diagnosis or later in the course of their management. Surgical treatment is the sole potentially curable method with 5–year overall survival of approximately 50%. However, only less than 20% of patients underwent liver resection. A joint effort of medical oncologists and surgeons is to increase the numbers of resected patients. The “liver first approach” (LFA) is one of approaches aimed at increasing resecability. The authors present their preliminary results using this method. Methods: 102 patients were included in the multicentre study supported by the grant IGA NT 13660 − Evaluation of quality of multimodal treatment for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases – conducted at the Central Military Hospital between September 2012 and January 2015. We used LFA in 12 patients (12%). Patients were indicated for liver resection based on good response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Multiple bilobar liver involvement (>4 metastases) was present in 11 cases and one large solitary metastasis in the right liver lobe in one case. The primary tumor was located in the rectum in 9 patients, in the rectosigmoid in 3 patients; 3 patients had a colostomy. Others showed no signs of bowel obstruction. Results: We have performed R0 resections in 11 cases, and two-stage hepatectomy with portal vein embolisation was indicated 3 times (in one case we did not finish the second stage due to quick progression after PVE). We performed major resections 7 times, along with sever extraanatomic resections, incl. 11 RFA (6 times in combination with major resections). Perioperative mortality was 0%, morbidity 33% (Dindo-Clavien >2). Ten patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, in 7 cases including radiotherapy of the small pelvis due to a local advanced primary tumor. Resection of the primary tumor was done in 7 patients (58%). Two patients died recently because of disease progression (17%); progression was observed in 6 patients (50%). Conclusion: We deem the LFA suitable especially for patients with metastatic rectal tumors where adjuvant systemic therapy can be combined with radiotherapy. The timing of the resection of the primary tumor still remains a question: it is necessary to rule out potential recurrence of liver metastases, which affected more than 50% of the patients. The benefit of LFA must be confimed by randomised studies., and J. Pudil, S. Batko, K. Menclová, M. Bláha, M. Ryska
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97. „Malování” rostlinných chromozomů

Creator:
Mandáková, Terezie
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Botanika, botanika, brukvovité, chromozomy, botany, Brassicaceae, chromosomes, 2, and 58
Language:
Czech
Description:
Čeleď brukvovitých patří k největším rostlinným čeledím; zahrnuje 49 tribů, 321 rodů a 3 660 druhů. Zájem vědců o tuto rostlinnou skupinu vzrostl především díky ustanovení huseníčku rolního (Arabidopsis thaliana) modelovým druhem a sekvenování jeho genomu. To v r. 2000 odstartovalo mimo jiné bouřlivý rozvoj srovnávací fylogenomiky a cytogenomiky, včetně úspěšného zavedení metody malování chromozomů (chromosome painting) huseníčku a její aplikace na další zástupce brukvovitých (srovnávací malování chromozomů; comparative chromosome painting, CCP). Metoda CCP umožňuje studium chromozomové kolinearity, rozpoznání chromozomových přestaveb, porovnání struktury chromosomů nebo jejich částí mezi jednotlivými druhy a rekonstrukci struktury celých karyotypů. Brukvovité jsou jedinou rostlinnou čeledí, u níž je v tomto rozsahu metoda CCP použitelná. Srovnávací cytogenetické mapy brukvovitých tak představují zcela unikátní typ dat o evoluci rostlinných karyotypů a genomů., Whole-genome sequencing of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has stimulated a rapid development of comparative phylogenomics and cytogenomics, including the invention of chromosome painting in A. thaliana and comparative chromosome painting (CCP) in other species of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family. This is the only plant family in which large-scale CCP is feasible. CCP provides unique insights into the karyotype and genome evolution in plants by comparing chromosome collinearity, identification of chromosome rearrangements, construction of comparative cytogenetic maps, and reconstruction of ancestral karyotype structures., and Terezie Mandáková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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