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3. "In conspectu angelorum psallam Tibi". Hudební kultura rajhradského kláštera v proměnách staletí =

Creator:
Žůrek, Pavel,
Type:
články
Subject:
Církevní hudba. Duchovní hudba. Náboženská hudba, Haberhauer, Maurus,, kláštery, řád, benediktini, hudba chrámová, kultura hudební, památky hudební, hudebníci, české země 1526-1792, hudba, tanec, hudební nástroje, and církevní řády a kongregace, náboženská bratrstva, kláštery
Language:
Czech, German, and English
Rights:
unknown

10. 14-3-3 proteins: a family of versatile molecular regulators

Creator:
Veronika Obšilová, Jan Šilhán, Evžen Bouřa, Jan Teisinger, and Tomáš Obšil
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, neurovědy, biochemie, neurosciences, biochemistry, conformation, 14-3-3 protein, forkhead transcription factor FOXO4, tyrosine hydroxylase, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of acidicr egulatory molecules found in all eukaryotes. 14-3-3 proteins function as molecular scaffolds by modulating the conformation of their binding partners. Through the functional modulation of a wide range of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in many processes including cell cycle regulation, metabolism control, apoptosis, and control of gene transcription. This minireview includes a short overview of 14-3-3 proteins and then focuses on their role in the regulation of two important binding partners: FOXO forkhead transcription factors and an enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase., V. Obšilová, J. Šilhan, E. Bouřa, J. Teisinger, T. Obšil., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

11. 14C and U - series dating of speleothems in the Bohemian Paradise (Czech Republic): retreat rates of sandstone cave walls and implications for cave origin

Creator:
Jiří Bruthans, Jana Schweigstillová, Petr Jenč, Churáčková, Zdeňka, and Petr Bezdička
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, pískovce, jeskyně, stáří, pseudokras, eroze (geologie), holocén, sandstones, caves, old age, pseudokarst, erosion, holocene, speleothems, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Speleothems in 6 sandstone caves in the Bohemian Paradise (Český ráj) were dated by means of 14C and U-series methods. Stable isotopes of C and O, FAAS, IR, XRD, XRF and SEM were used to characterize the carbonate material and its source. Stable isotopes (C and O) composition of speleothems in two caves corresponds to values characteristic for cave speleothems in Central Europe. In other caves they indicate evaporation and fast carbon dioxide escape during carbonate precipitation. The speleothems from the Krtola Cave were deposited between 8 and 13 kyr BP. Speleothems were deposited 5-8 kyr BP in the Sintrová, Mrtvé Údolí and U Studánky caves. Calcite coatings on smooth sandstone surfaces in studied caves demonstrate that cave walls did not retreat even a few mm in the last 5-8 kyr since speleothem deposition and are thus not evolving under recent climatic conditions. Most of the cave ceilings and walls are at present time indurated by hardened surfaces, which protect the sandstone from erosion. Sandstone caves probably intensively evolved either during or at the end of the Last Glacial period. There are two different erosion mechanisms which might have formed/reshaped the caves at that time: A) In the case of permafrost conditions: Repeated freeze/melt cycles affecting sandstone pore space followed by the transport of fallen sand grains by minor temporary trickles. We expect that heat was transmitted by air circulating between the cave and the surface; B) Seepage erosion of sandstone during the melting of permafrost, prior forming of case hardening., Jiří Bruthans, Jana Schweigstillová, Petr Jenč, Zdeňka Churáčková and Petr Bezdička., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

12. 15-oxo-ETE-induced internal carotid artery constriction in hypoxic rats is mediated by potassium channels

Creator:
Wang, Di, Liu, Yu, Lu, Ping, Zhu, Daling, and Zhu, Yulan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypoxie, hypoxia, 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 15-lipoxygenase, voltage-gated potassium channels, cerebral vasoconstriction, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Our own study as well as others have previously reported that hypoxia activates 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in the brain, causing a series of chain reactions, which exacerbates ischemic stroke. 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 15-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE/15-KETE) are 15-LO-specific metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA). 15-HETE was found to be rapidly converted into 15-oxo-ETE by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in some circumstances. We have demonstrated that 15-HETE promotes cerebral vasoconstriction during hypoxia. However, the effect of 15-oxo-ETE upon the contraction of cerebral vasculature remains unclear. To investigate this effect and to clarify the underlying mechanism, we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blot to test the expression of 15-PGDH in rat cerebral tissue, examined internal carotid artery (ICA) tension in isolated rat ICA rings. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (Kv2.1, Kv1.5, and Kv1.1) in cultured cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). The results showed that the levels of 15-PGDH expression were drastically elevated in the cerebral of rats with hypoxia, and 15-oxo-ETE enhanced ICA contraction in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was more significant in the hypoxic rats than in the normoxic rats. We also found that 15-oxo-ETE significantly attenuated the expression of Kv2.1 and Kv1.5, but not Kv1.1. In conclusion, these results suggest that 15-oxo-ETE leads to the contraction of the ICA, especially under hypoxic conditions and that specific Kv channels may play an important role in 15-oxo- ETE-induced ICA constriction., Di Wang, Yu Liu, Ping Lu, Daling Zhu, Yulan Zhu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

14. 3-D trend of aseismic creep along active faults in western part of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece

Creator:
Stemberk, Josef and Blahoslav Košťák
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, tektonika, geotectonics, Řecko, Greece, active tectonics, 3-D monitoring, fault movements, The Gulf of Corinth, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Quaternary faulting in the western part of the Gulf of Corinth has been evidenced by geology and geomorphology, as well as by seismic recording. A series of three main normal fault segments are aligned in a steep southern coastal zone of the gulf. These fault segments, 15 to 25 km long, have an average strike of 90° - 105° and a northward dip of about 50° - 75°. Selected fault points were equipped with 3-D crack gauges TM71 during 2002 to monitor movements along the fault planes here, as well as on another fault cutting through the small island of Trizonia near the opposite northern shore of the gulf. Results of the monitoring present relative displacements induced by active tectonic movement s. Generally, the movements recorded on the faults are characteristic of an aseismic linear creep in vertical, i.e. upliftin g/subsiding in rates of mm per year due to uplifts of the Peloponnesian Peninsula. In 2003 a thr ee months long period of fast acceleration of movements was recorded. During this acceleration phase displacements changed to skew uplifting/subsiding with a left-lateral horizontal component. Moreover, horizontal rotation of monitored blocks corresponding to a sy stematic westwards opening of the Gulf was observed with only single eastward opening episodes., Josef Stemberk and Blahoslav Košťák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. 3D how much can we trust some moment tensors or an attempt of seismic moment error estimation

Creator:
Kolář, Petr
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, seizmicita, seismicity, seismic moment tensor inversion, error estimation, seismic moment decomposition, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
During routine processing of selected events of an active KTB experiment it has appeared doubts concerning data reliability and consequently the reliability of results based on them. In the paper 3 events are studied in detail, full seismic moment tensors, as well as their errors, are determined (by non-linear inversion of P/SH waves ratios). It is shown that for the processed low constrained data moment tensor (MT) can be determined, however the relative error is of order of first tens of percent; the results also considerably depend on the way of data picking, used medium model, way of Cost function construction, etc. Any subsequent geophysical interpretation therefore should takes into account this uncertainty. MTs are finally decomposed into DC and non-DC parts, MTs errors are also transformed., Petr Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

16. 3D microscopic imaging and evaluation of tubular tissue architecture

Creator:
Jiří Janáček, Čapek, M., Michálek, J., Petr Karen, and Lucie Kubínová
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mozek, brain, confocal microscopy, capillaries, skeletal muscle, image analysis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
3D microscopy and image analysis provide reliable measurements of length, branching, density, tortuosity and orientation of tubular structures in biological samples. We present a survey of methods for analysis of large samples by measurement of local differences in geometrical characteristics. The methods are demonstrated on the structure of the capillary bed in a rat brain., J. Janáček ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17. 3D monitoring of active fault structures in the Krupnik-Kresna seismic zone, SW Bulgaria

Creator:
Dobrev, Nikolai
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, seizmické oblasti, seismic regions, Bulharsko, Bulgaria, 3D monitoring, active faults, co-seismic displacements, Krupnik-Kresna seismic zone, SW Bulgaria, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The present paper concerns long-term 3D monitoring of active fault structures in the Krupnik-Kresna seismic zone, SW Bulgaria with the use of extensometers TM71. The purpose is to establish the real rates of fault movements in the most seismically active area in Bulgaria. Three points were installed (B6 on Krupnik Fault, and K5 and K12 on Struma Fault), which indicate a recent activity. The fault movements are characteristic with “calm” periods, linear slips, accelerations and sudden displacements. Different regimes of dynamics have been established corresponding to different periods. The greatest dynamics is found at monitoring point B6 along Krupnik Fault: for the whole period of observation the trends are calculated as left lateral slip with 1.88 mm/a and a thrusting with 1.59 mm/a with high correlation coefficients. Co-seismic displacements from local and distant earthquakes were recorded. The significant impact was from M=7.4, 17 August, 1999, Izmit Earthquake, Turkey, showing a shortening of 8.34 mm, a right-lateral slip of 5.09 mm and a thrusting of 0.96 mm. After that, for a short period of time the regime of movement on fault was changed. Movements on the Struma system reveal lower rates. Both points show left-lateral movements, 0.28 mm/a at K5 and 0.09 mm/a at K12, and thrusting with 0.11 mm/a at K5 and 0.72 mm/a at K12., Nikolai Dobrev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18. 3D monitoring of active faults and slope movements in three Bulgarian sites included in cost 625 project

Creator:
Dobrev, Nikolai and Avramova-Tacheva, Elka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, tenzometrie, svahy, extensometry, slopes (physical geography), fault, slope movement, 3D monitoring, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The present paper shows the results of 3D monitoring with the use of extensomet ers TM71 performed in Bulgaria in the framework of COST Action 625. This research was performed in selected areas: Simitli graben that is the most seismoactive area in Bulgaria; Madara plat eau - rock scarp with historical monument affe cted by rock toppling; East Rhodopes area - a possibly active fault zone and a large landslide. The most impressive results were established at Simitli graben area with the rate of 2.73 mm/year sinistral movement of Krupnik Fault. Local earthquakes located at NE part of the graben usually influence the movements along this fault. An acceleration of the left latera l movements during calm periods has been established, and respectively, the movements stop (or going in opposite direction) during seismic activity. At Madara site, the results from the 15 years monitoring show subsidence of rock s lices by 0.9 mm per year and si milar rate movement of the slices to South direction. Influence from Izmit earthquake, Vrancea earthquakes and local ones have been established. The monitoring of the fault at General Geshe vo Village, East Rhodopean area started in 2003. The first results show mainly gravitational movements - subsidence of NE block 1.5 mm/year., Nikolai Dobrev and Elka Avramova-Tacheva., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

19. 3D monitoring of the selected active tectonic structures in Poland, Italy and Greece

Creator:
Cacoń, Stefan, Kontny, Bernard, and Bosy, Jarosław
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, GPS sítě, GPS netwoks, active tectonics, geodetic monitoring system, local GPS network, crack gauge observation, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The paper presents the results of geodyn amic research in the fram e of the project COST 625 relating to active tectonic structures’ monitoring on the selected areas in Poland, Italy and Greece. Research was realised using a self-developed control and measurement system. The resu lts of researches for period 2000-2006 indi cate slight movements of observatio n points in the Sudety Mts. reaching several millimetres. However, the results confirm recent mobility of tectonic structures o f this area. Research realised in the Mediterranean Region objects - Gargano, Norcia (Italy) and Kaparelli (Greece) - indicate movements of observation points reaching over a dozen millimetres, particularly on the Gargano area. Continuation of cyclic control measurements on these objects is fully justified ., Stefan Cacoń, Bernard Kontny and Jarosław Bosy., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

20. 9, 10-bis(chlormethyl)anthracene - curing agent of coal tar pitch

Creator:
Svítilová, Jaroslava, Machovič, Vladimír, and Kolář, František
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, vytvrzování, curing, coal tar pitch, modification, carbonization, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Modified coal tar pitch was prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction with 9,10-bis(chloromethyl)anthracene (BCMA). With the aid of IR and Raman’s spectroscopy it was found that BCMA reacted completely with aromatic components of pitch. This modification leads to a significant increase of the carbonisation residue of coal tar pitch without the structure of carbonisate being greatly affected., Jaroslava Svítilová, Vladimír Machovič and František Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

21. 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake in rat skeletal muscle and heart: Physiological determinants and correlations

Creator:
Arsos, G., Kyparos, A., Moralidis, E., Kyparos, D., Georga, S., Sotiriadou, S., Matziari, C., and Karakatsanis, C.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, mitochondrie, myokard, kosterní svaly, physiology, mitochondrias, myocardium, striated muscles, 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The lipophilic cationic radiotracer 99m Tc-sestamibi, known to be concentrated within mitochondria, is widely used for myocardial perfusion and to a lesser extent for muscle metabolism imaging. However, the exact distribution pattern in skeletal muscle has not been yet studied in detail. The present study aims to investigate the 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake in rat skeletal muscle and myocardium in relation to their metabolic characteristics. 99m Tc-sestamibi was i.v. administered in twenty adult male Wistar rats and uptake, as percent of injected dose per tissue gram (%ID/g), in the myocardium, soleus, extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscles was assessed 2 h after the injection. Muscle uptake was also correlated with myocardial uptake, muscle weight and body weight. Skeletal muscle 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake was a small (9-16 %) fraction of that found in myocardium (1.71 ± 0.63 %ID/g). Among the three hindlimb muscles considered, the slow-oxidative soleus muscle showed the highest uptake (0.28 ± 0.16 %ID/g). Metabolically diverse parts of the gastrocnemius muscle showed different uptake. Skeletal muscle uptake was positively correlated with myocardial uptake and both were negatively correlated with tissue and body weight. Skeletal muscle and myocardium 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake is related to their metabolic profile. Myocardium, with an exceptional rich mitochondrial concentration, shows much higher 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake compared to skeletal muscles. Among muscles, uptake is dependent on their mitochondrial content. Evidence of matching exists between myocardial and muscle uptake, and both are size-dependent., G. Arsos ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

22. [3H]SCH 23390 binding in various brain regions of C57BL/6J mice with repeated experience of victory or social defeat in agonistic interactions

Creator:
Avgustinovich, D. F. and Alekseyenko, O. V.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, myši, genetika, mice, genetics, sensory contact model, agonistic confrontations, winners, losers, [3H]SCH 23390 binding, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The binding of [3H]SCH 23390 has been studied in various brain regions of male mice with the experience of repeated victory (winners) or defeat (losers) gained over 10 (T10) and 20 (T20) days of daily agonistic confrontations. In the frontal cortex, Bmax of [3H]SCH 23390 binding sites was found to be increased in T10 losers and decreased in T20 losers when compared to the control mice. In the striatum, T10 and T20 winners had reduced values of [3H]SCH 23390 binding sites than the ones in the control mice. The Kd was increased in the frontal cortex of T10 losers and T10 winners as well as in the amygdala of T20 losers. Reduced Kd values were found in the striatum of all experimental groups as well as in the amygdala of T20 winners. Thus, both specific changes relating to social behavior patterns and non-specific ones in [3H]SCH 23390 binding were found in the brain regions of mice after 10 and 20 days of intermale confrontations., D. F. Avgustinovich, O. V. Alekseyenko., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

23. A "clean" alien species? Parasites of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Creator:
Dudek, Kryzstof, Sienkiewicz, Paweł, Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., and Piotr Tryjanowski
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, slunéčkovití, slunéčko východní, hlístice, beetles, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Nematodes, phoretic mites, insect ecology, eugregarines, fungi, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The multicoloured Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an invasive insect that can negatively influence biodiversity and human economy in invaded areas. According to the enemy release hypothesis, invasive alien species are often little affected by parasites and other enemies. We studied the prevalence of common parasites of insects infesting and infecting H. axyridis in NW Poland. A large sample of 2351 individuals was collected and divided into two groups: 1180 beetles were dissected and examined for the presence of eugregarines, nematodes and Laboulbeniales fungi, and 751 were checked for phoretic mites. Our results show that H. axyridis is indeed parasitized infrequently. The prevalence of eugregarines and nematodes was very low (1.5% and 0.4%, respectively). No specimens of Laboulbeniales or phoretic mites were found. Our study indicates that in NW Poland H. axyridis is rarely infested or infected by parasites. This paper reports for the first time the infection of H. axyridis by the eugregarine Gregarina barbarara., Kryzstof Dudek, Paweł Sienkiewicz, Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz, Piotr Tryjanowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

27. A case study of Heleomyzidae (Diptera) recorded on snow in Poland with a review of their winter activity in Europe

Creator:
Soszńska-Maj, Agnieszka and Woźnica, Andrzej J.
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, fenologie, Diptera, phenology, Evropa, Polsko, Europe, Poland, Heleomyzidae, winter activity, snow fauna, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Twenty eight species of winter-active Heleomyzidae were collected during a long-term study in Poland. More than 130 samples of insects, including Heleomyzidae, were collected from the surface of snow in lowland and mountain areas using a semi-quantitative method. Lowland and mountain assemblages of Heleomyzidae recorded on snow were quite different. Heleomyza modesta (Meigen, 1835) and Scoliocentra (Leriola) brachypterna (Loew, 1873) dominated in the mountains, Tephrochlamys rufiventris (Meigen, 1830) mainly in the lowlands and Heteromyza rotundicornis (Zetterstedt, 1846) was common in both habitats. Heleomyzidae were found on snow during the whole period of snow cover, but the catches peaked from late November to the beginning of February. In late winter and early spring the occurrence of heleomyzids on snow decreased. Most individuals were active on snow at air temperatures between -2 and +2.5°C. A checklist of 78 winter active European Heleomyzidae is presented. Helomyza nivalis Wahlgren, 1918 is herein considered as a new junior synonym of Helomyza caesia Meigen, 1830, syn. n., Agnieszka Soszyńska-Maj, Andrzej J. Woźnica., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

28. A comparative study of reactive hyperemia in human forearm skin and muscle

Creator:
Addor, G., Delachaux, A., Dischl, B., Hayoz, D., Liauder, L., Waeber, B., and Feihl, Francois
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, patologická fyziologie, ischemie, physiology, pathological physiology, ischemia, vasodilation, laser Doppler, strain gauge plethysmography, surrogate endpoint, acetylsalicylate, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Reactive hyperemia (RH) in forearm muscle or skin microcirculation has been considered as a surrogate endpoint in clinical studies of cardiovascular disea e. We evaluated two potential confounders that might limit such use of RH, namely laterality of measurement and intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Twenty-three young non-smoking healthy adults were enrolled. In Experiment 1 (n=16), the RH elicited by 3 min of ischemia was recorded in the muscle (strain gauge plethysmography, hand excluded) and skin (laser Doppler imaging) of both forearms. In Experiment 2 (n=7), RH was determined in the dominant forearm only, one hour following oral acetylsalicylic acid (1 g) or placebo. In Experiment 1, peak RH was identical in both forearms, and so were the corresponding durations of responses. RH lasted significantly less in muscle than in skin (p=0.003), a hitherto unrecognized fact. In the skin, acetylsalicylate reduced duration (43 vs. 57.4 s for placebo, p=0.03), without affecting the peak response. In muscle, duration tended to decrease with acetylsalicylate (21.4 vs. 26.0 s with placebo, p=0.06) and the peak increase in blood flow was blunted (27.2 vs. 32.4 ml/min/100 ml tissue with placebo, p=0.003). We conclude that, when using RH as a surrogate endpoint in studies of cardiovascular disease, a confounding by laterality of measurement need not be feared, but NSAIDS may have an influence, although perhaps not on the peak response in the skin., G. Addor, A. Delachaux, B. Dischl, D. Hayoz, L. Liaudet, B. Waeber, F. Feihl., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29. A comparison of numerical models results with in-situ measurement of ground vibrations caused by sheet pile driving

Creator:
Tomáš Petřík, Eva Hrubešová, and Markéta Lednická
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, numerické modelování, numerical modeling, dynamic analysis, Plaxis 2D, sheet pile driving, vibration velocity amplitude, vibration frequency, vibratory hammer, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
This paper pursues the effect of changes in distance and vibration frequency on the vibration velocity amplitude. As an example, we used the vibrating sheet piles at the cons truction of a new multi-functional FEI building on the premises of VŠB - TU Ostrava, at 17 listopadu street. The effect of these changes is monitored both in in-situ measurements and in a simulated real-life situation. The calculation software Plaxis 2D is used for creation of numer ical models. At the close, the results from in-situ measurements are confronted with those achieved from the models., Tomáš Petřík, Eva Hrubešová and Markéta Lednická., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30. A comparison of portal vein embolization with poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and a histoacryl/lipiodol mixture in patients scheduled for extended right hepatectomy

Creator:
Jan H. Peregrin, Radim Janoušek, Dana Kautznerová, Martin Oliverius, Eva Sticová, Martin Přádný, and Michálek, J.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, extended right hepatectomy, portal vein embolization, embolization-induced left liver lobe hypertrophy, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
To determine whether PHEMA [poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)] is suitable for portal vein embolization in patients scheduled to right hepatectomy and whether it is as effective as the currently used agent (a histoacryl/lipiodol mixture). Two groups of nine patients each scheduled for extended right hepatectomy for primary or secondary hepatic tumor, had right portal vein embolization in an effort to induce future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy. One group had embolization with PHEMA, the other one with the histoacryl/lipiodol mixture. In all patients, embolization was performed using the right retrograde transhepatic access. Embolization was technically successful in all 18 patients, with no complication related to the embolization agent. Eight patients of either group developed FLR hypertrophy allowing extended right hepatectomy. Likewise, one patient in each group had recanalization of a portal vein branch. Hist ology showed that both embolization agents reach the periphery of portal vein branches, with PHEMA penetrating somewhat deeper into the periphery. PHEMA has been shown to be an agent suitable for embolization in the portal venous system comparable with existing embolization agent (histoacryl/lipiodol mixture)., J. H. Peregrin, R. Janoušek, D. Kautznerová, M. Oliverius, E. Sticová, M. Přádný, J. Michálek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31. A comparison of the effects of troglitazone and vitamin E on the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in an experimental model of insulin resistance

Creator:
Chvojková, Š., Ludmila Kazdová, and Jana Divišová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vitamin E, mastné kyseliny, inzulinová rezistence, fatty acids, insulin resistance, troglitazone, serum phospholipids, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of troglitazone (TRO) - a new insulin-sensitizing agent - on some metabolic parameters in an experimental model of hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats, and to compare its effects with those of vitamin E, an antioxidant agent. Three groups of the above rats were fed diets with a high content of sucrose (70 % of energy as sucrose) for four weeks. The first group was supplemented with TRO (120 mg/kg diet), the second one with vitamin E (500 mg/kg diet), and the third group served as the control. Vitamin E supplementation did not lower serum triglycerides (2.42±0.41 vs. 3.39±0.37 mmol/l, N.S.) while TRO did (1.87±0.24 vs. 3.39±0.37 mmol/l, p<0.01). Neither TRO nor vitamin E influenced the serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA). Both drugs influenced the spectrum of fatty acids in serum phospholipids - TRO increased the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6 (36.04±1.61 vs. 19.65±1.56 mol %, p<0.001), vitamin E increased the levels of PUFA n-3 (13.30±0.87 vs. 6.79±0.87 mol %, p<0.001) and decreased the levels of saturated fatty acids (32.97±0.58 vs. 51.45±4.01 mol %, p<0.01). In conclusion, TRO lowered the level of serum triglycerides but vitamin E did not have this effect in hypertriglyceridemic rats. Compared with TRO, vitamin E had a different effect on the spectrum of fatty acids in serum phospholipids., Š. Chvojková, L. Kazdová, J. Divišová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

34. A dampening effect of pulse interval variability on blood pressure variations with respect to primary variability in blood pressure during exercise

Creator:
Nataša Honzíková, Krtička, A., Nováková, Z., and Eva Závodná
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdeční rytmus, krevní tlak, tělesná cvičení, heart rate, blood pressure, exercises, baroreflex sensitivity, spectral analysis, heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The correlation between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and the spectrum component at a frequency of 0.1 Hz of pulse intervals (PI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was studied. SBP and PI of 51 subjects were recorded beat-to-beat at rest (3 min), during exercise (0.5 W/kg of body weight, 9 min), and at rest (6 min) after exercise. BRS was determined by a spectral method (a modified alpha index technique). The subjects were divided into groups according to the spectral amplitude of SBP at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The following limits of amplitude (in mm Hg) were used: very high ≥ 5.4 (VH); high 5.4 > H ≥ 3 (H); medium 3 > M ≥ 2 (M), low < 2 (L). We analyzed the relationships between 0.1 Hz variability in PI and BRS at rest, during the exercise and during recovery in subgroups VH, H, M, L. The 0.1 Hz variability of PI increased significantly with increasing BRS in each of the groups with identical 0.1 Hz variability in SBP. This relationship was shifted to the lower values of PI variability at the same BRS with a decrease in SBP variability. The primary SBP variability increased during exercise. The interrelationship between the variability of SBP, PI and BRS was identical at rest and during exercise. A causal interrelationship between the 0.1 Hz variability of SBP and PI, and BRS was shown. During exercise, the increasing primary variability in SBP due to sympathetic activation was present, but it did not change the relationship between variability in pulse intervals and BRS., N. Honzíková, A. Krtička, Z. Nováková, E. Závodná., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36. A feasibility of absolute gravity measurements in geodynamics

Creator:
Pálinkáš, Vojtech, Jakub Kostelecký, and Jaroslav Šimek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, metrologie, nejistota, metrology, uncertainty, hydrological effects, reproducibility, gravity acceleration, absolute gravimeter, FG5, repeatability, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The absolute gravity measurements are an important tool for reliable monitoring geodynamic phenomena. Based on the experience with the absolute gravimeter FG5#215 (gravimeter of the Center for Earth Dynamics Research), the accuracy of FG5 absolute gravimeters is presented in this study. The instrumental reproducibility of this meter is characterized by the value of 0.7 μGal. Discussed are important environmental effects on gravity measurements, such as atmospheric and hydrological effects, understanding of which is necessary for correct and reliable interpretation of the repeated absolute gravity measurements in geodynamics., Vojtech Pálinkáš, Jakub Kostelecký and Jaroslav Šimek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

38. A karyological study of four European species of Roncus (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae)

Creator:
František Šťáhlavský, Christophoryová, Jana, and Henderickx, Hans
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Neobisiidae, pseudoscorpion, Roncus, karyotype evolution, sex chromosomes, meiosis, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
We present the results of the first study on the karyotypes of four European species of Roncus: Roncus alpinus L. Koch, 1873, Roncus lubricus L. Koch, 1873, Roncus transsilvanicus Beier, 1928 and Roncus sp. The diploid number was 2n = 23 in Roncus sp., 2n = 43 in R. alpinus and R. transsilvanicus and 2n = 45 in R. lubricus. Telocentric autosomes predominate in species with a high chromosome number and metacentric autosomes in Roncus sp. We assume that the ancestral situation for this genus is a high number of chromosomes. A low number of chromosomes is very likely a consequence of centric fusions, which have possibly played a very important role in karyotype evolution in the genus Roncus. All the species analyzed have the X0 sex chromosome system. The X chromosome is metacentric and is the smallest element in the karyotypes of all the species analyzed., František Šťáhlavský, Jana Christophoryova, Hans Henderickx., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

39. A Letter of Mikuláš Drabík to the Earl of Pembroke (1664) /

Creator:
Mout, M. E. H. N.,
Type:
text and články
Subject:
Rukopisy, prvotisky, staré tisky. Vzácná a pozoruhodná díla, Drabík, Mikuláš,, Herbert, Philip,, korespondence, kazatelé, proroci, edice korespondence, vztahy česko-anglické, komeniologie, české země 1620-1740, Velká Británie, světové dějiny 1648-1789, církevní a náboženské dějiny, and dějiny vědy, umění, kultury a techniky, kulturní vztahy
Language:
English
Rights:
unknown

40. A little further south: Host range and genetics of the Northern pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pinivora (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) at the southern edge of its distribution

Creator:
Hógar, José A., Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna, Battisti, Andrea, and Larsson, Stig
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, odlesňování, butterflies, deforestation, Lepidoptera, Notodontidae, Thaumetopoea pinivora, genetic diversity, host shift, marginal woodlands, relict populations, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The Northern pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pinivora (Treitschke, 1834) shows a highly scattered distribution with fragmented populations across Europe. A previous study exploring the postglacial history of T. pinivora defined it as a cold-tolerant relict species and concluded that a progressive reduction of suitable habitats after the postglacial expansion from refugia in the southern Iberian peninsula best explained the distribution and genetic structure of populations of this species. However, recent records, both by us and others, challenge this view. Surprisingly, some of the newly found populations from southern Spain use black pine, Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold as a host plant despite the fact that the typical host of the species, Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. occurs in the area. We provide genetic data for one of these recently found southern populations where the larvae feed on P. nigra, and compare this with previously published data on individuals collected on P. sylvestris. This data reveals that populations from different host trees are no more genetically differentiated than populations sharing the same host plant. The findings of a wider diet breadth open the way to widen the search for the still unidentified glacial refugium of T. pinivora, and as such may contribute to a better understanding about how the species has spread across Europe., José A. Hódar, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Andrea Battisti, Stig Larsson., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

41. A model of rock mass fracturing ahead of the longwall face as a consequence of intensity of exploitation

Creator:
Drzewiecki, Jan and Makówka, Janusz
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geodynamika, geodynamics, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
In Czech and Polish underground hard coal mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin high-energy seismic phenomena are periodically recorded, the sources of which are located ahead of the longwall. Generally, these types of tremors are rooted in very strong, thick layers of sandstone, which are subject to the deformation border. The consequences are discontinuities and cracks with a range depending on the mechanical properties of destroyed rocks: the mechanical parameters of layers. Forecasting methods, developed in the Central Mining Institute, for stress concentration, seismic energy, fault zone and range, together with methods of rock fracturing using liquid or explosives, ,allow precise identification of suitable locations for controlled fracturing of rock mass with a pre-established direction. The size and range of discontinuities have an impact on mining parameters, dependent on basic exploitation intensity and expressed by the average daily progress of the longwall face. The rockmass is locally weakened because of exploitation or technical measures of discontinuities in the roof-rock on the longwall face. To prevent rockburst, measures are needed to reduce the amount of energy accumulating in the rockmass in the area of the longwall face. Knowledge of where stress is concentrated is extremely important for the development and implementation of effective preventative methods. For many years several research centres have been working on defining the range of these areas. In this paper, basic information is presented on methods developed by Central Mining Institute and used in Polish hard coal mines for forecasting energy concentration and assessing how it can be reduced., Jan Drzewiecki and Janusz Makówka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

42. A monitoring of allantoin, uric acid, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and erythrocytes after ten minutes of running activity

Creator:
Roman Kanďár, Štramová, X., Drábková, P., and Jarmila Křenková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kyselina močová, oxidační stres, antioxidanty, uric acid, oxidative stress, antioxidants, allantoin, short-term intense exercise, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Uric acid is the final product of human purine metabolism. It was pointed out that this compound acts as an antioxidant and is able to react with reactive oxygen species forming allantoin. Therefore, the measurement of allantoin levels may be used for the determination of oxidative stress in humans. The aim of the study was to clarify the antioxidant effect of uric acid during intense exercise. Whole blood samples were obtained from a group of healthy subjects. Allantoin, uric acid, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and erythrocytes were measured using a HPLC with UV/Vis detection. Statistical significant differences in allantoin and uric acid levels during short-term intense exercise were found. Immediately after intense exercise, the plasma allantoin levels increased on the average of 200 % in comparison to baseline. Plasma uric acid levels increased slowly, at an average of 20 %. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in plasma malondialdehyde. The results suggest that uric acid, important antioxidant, is probably oxidized by reactive oxygen species to allantoin. Therefore allantoin may be suitable candidate for a marker of acute oxidative stress., R. Kanďár, X. Štramová, P. Drábková, J. Křenková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

43. A new approach for the determination of onset of failure points during laboratory strength testing of rocks

Creator:
Mamurekli, Deniz
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geodynamika, skály, geodynamics, rocks, pre-failure points, uniaxial tests, load-deformation, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Estimating the pre- failure points for rocks during laboratory testing is not a trivial task. In this study, a new approach is introduced that utilizes change in the slope of the load-deformation curves of rock in the loading cycle for marking the onset of failure point during uniaxial test of a given rock. At each step, load-deformation data footprints of the rock under test are inspected and a decision is made whether the failure has started or not. The load-deformation data obtained from different tests of different rocks are examined including; Norite, Granite, Limestone, Sandstone, Siltstone and Marble. The computational results over 154 cored rock samples show that the proposed approach locates the onset of failure point for a given rock with an acceptable degree of accuracy., Deniz Mamurekli., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

44. A new atherogenic effect of saturated fatty acids

Creator:
Rudolf Poledne
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, diet, fatty acids, lipoproteins, inflammation, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
There is increasing evidence that dietary saturated fatty acids (SAFA) have not only an indirect atherogenic effect due to increasing LDL-cholesterol concentration but also a direct effect by activating the inflammation process. This review summarizes several recent publications in this field. The effect of SAFA on the inflammation process mediated by Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway has been well documented in various in vitro culture studies of macrophages and adipocytes or in their co-culture. In contrast to these in vitro data, in vivo epidemiological studies or clinical experiments in men are less consistent. Well controlled cross-over studies in volunteers might enlighten the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids dietary intake and proatherogenic inflammation effects., R. Poledne., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

45. A new generation of multichannel seismic apparatus and its practical application in standalone and array monitoring

Creator:
Brož, milan and Štrunc, Jaroslav
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, seizmicita, seismicity, building, analog-to-digital converter, seismic array, weak event, monitoring network, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
A quantitatively new analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module has been developed during 2010, in co-operation with Tedia Ltd. The module has a 28-bit final resolution and uses 32-bit arithmetic. There are two versions, with four and twelve analog inputs. The 4-input module replaces the original 21-bit version, produced until 2009. The 12-input module is intended to be deployed in small-aperture seismic arrays. The whole set consists of four 3-channel detached modules that can be interconnected with the main module using a cable of up to 100 m in length. This design increases signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by placing the A/D part as close to the seismograph as possible in order to transmit digital data for storage. All channels are sampled coherently so that all four sensors are automatically synchronised. It allows the detection of local events even though the sync-signal is absent. In other words, the 12-input module is suitable for ad-hoc field measurements even in places where there is no GPS signal. All arrays operated by the Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics (IRSM) are going to be upgraded to use these modules and some new sites will also be set-up with this innovative equipment (e.g. Lazy in Western Bohemia and Dobrá Voda in Slovakia)., Milan Brož and Jaroslav Štrunc., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

46. A new genus and species of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) from Central Asia

Creator:
Knyshov, Alexander A. and Konstantinov, Fedor V.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
zoologie, entomologie, Heteroptera, Miridae, Orthotylinae, taxonomy, new genus, new species, Angulonotus grisescens, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Hyoidea
Language:
English
Description:
A new genus and new species, Angulonotus grisescens, is described from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and its taxonomic placement within the tribe Orthotylini is discussed. Illustrations of male and female genitalia, micrographs of selected characters, photographs of dorsal habitus, hosts and distributional records of this new taxon are provided. Comparisons are made with species of the genus Hyoidea Reuter, 1876., Alexander A. Knyshov, Fedor V. Konstantinov., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

47. A new method for the release of Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in young apple orchards

Creator:
Szabó, Árpád and Pénzes, Béla
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Acari, Phytoseiidae, Amblyseius andersoni, mite release, apple, mite management, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The use of phytoseiid species in biological plant protection is widespread. However, the techniques used to release them differ. The possible release of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1959) using a new method was tested. High numbers of this mite overwinter in the ground litter in Hungarian orchards. By transferring such ground litter to plots in young orchards, the population density was found to be significantly increased in the release compared to control plots; A. andersoni became the dominant phytoseiid species in the new orchard. Due to the rate at which it spreads, this species was also recorded in the control plots towards the end of the growing season (Aug., Sept.), at which time there was no significant difference in the numbers of this species in the treated and control plots. In the winter following release, A. andersoni was found in the ground litter of the orchard., Árpád Szabó, Béla Pénzes., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

48. A new method of assembling large magnetic blocks from permanent NdFeB magnets

Creator:
Žežulka, Václav and Pavel Straka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, magnetické obvody, magnetic circuits, magnet assembly, magnetic separation, magnetic filtration, permanent magnets, NdFeB magnets, large magnetic blocks, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The presented technological procedure makes it possible to assemble large magnetic blocks from permanent magnets with a high value of maximum energy product in such a way that the individual magnets or magnetic plates are moved toward each other at a controlled speed in the direction perpendicular to the future common contact surface of these magnets, i.e. parallel to the induction lines crossing this contact surface. Unlike in the previously used way of assembling the blocks, it is thus possible to eliminate the influence of partial demagnetization as the blocks are being assembled and consequently to reach higher values of magnetic induction in the air gap of the magnetic circuit. When applying the new method of assembling the blocks for instance in circuits of magnetic filters for the purification of ceramic suspensions, a prerequisite for the further improvement of the technological parameters of filtration is thus created., Václav Žežulka and Pavel Straka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

49. A new non-uremic rat model of long-term peritoneal dialysis

Creator:
Peng, Y.-M., Shu, Z.-J., Xiao, L., Sun, L., Tang, W.-B., Huang, Y., Liu, Y.-H., Li, J., Ling, G.-H., Xu, X.-Q., Halmurat, U., and Liu, F.-Y.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, peritoneální dialýza, dialyzační roztoky, glukóza, peritoneal dialysis, dialyzing solutions, glucose, rat model, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Together with the development of peritoneal dialysis (PD), appropriate animal models play an important role in the investigation of physiological, pathophysiological and clinical aspects of PD. However, there is still not an ideal experimental PD animal model. In this study, 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Grou p 1 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection through the catheter connected to the abdominal cavity, using PD solution containing 3.86 % D-glucose. Group 2 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection of 0.9 % physiological saline through a catheter. Group 3 (n=15), which was subjected to sham operation, served as controls. Our results showed that WBC counts in peritoneal effluent of Group 1 were slightly higher than those of Group 2 and control group, respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no episode of infection in any group. In addition, there was no significant difference in neutrophils fractions among these three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining demonstrated a dramatic increase in thickness of the mesothelium-to-muscle layer of peritoneum exposed to high glucose (Group 1) compared to Group 2 and controls (p<0.01). These data indicated that we established a novel rat model of PD with a modified catheter insertion method. This model is more practical, easy to operate, not too expensive and it will facilitate the investigate of long-term effects of PD., Y.-M. Peng ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

50. A new suite of twenty-two polymorphic microsatellite loci in the parasitic wasp, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Promising molecular tools for studying the population genetics of several beneficial braconid species

Creator:
Gerba, Madougou, Loiseau, Anne, Benoit, Laure, and Gauthier, Nathalie
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, blanokřídlí, lumčíkovití, populační genetika, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, population genetics, Habrobracon hebetor, Bracon spp., biological control, parasitic wasp, microsatellite, gene flow, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Combining a biotin-enrichment protocol and 454GS-FLX titanium pyrosequencing technology, we characterised 22 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the parasitic wasp, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a cosmopolitan species commonly used in biological control against a wide range of both major lepidopterous pests of stored products and field crops in different parts of the world. Three multiplex PCR sets were optimised and characterised across 46 H. hebetor specimens from two samples collected from millet fields in Niger. Two to 11 alleles were found per locus and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.289 to 0.826. Polymorphism was detected in both samples with a similar level of observed heterozygosity (0.482 vs. 0.502) and number of alleles (4.1 vs. 3.6). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected at the same five loci in both samples and five or seven more loci in each sample but was not associated with heterozygote deficiencies. Even though evidence for linkage disequilibrium was found between a few alleles, these new loci segregated independently. The variability of the 22 loci will enable estimates of genetic diversity and structure patterns, as well as gene flow between H. hebetor populations at different spatial scales. Cross-species amplifications were successful among the six Bracon spp. tested and nine loci will be particularly appropriate for population genetic studies in B. brevicornis., Madougou Garba, Anne Loiseau, Laure Benoit, Nathalie Gauthier., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

51. A non-invasive method for detecting the metabolic stress response in rodents: characterization and disruption of the circadian corticosterone rhythm

Creator:
Thanos, P. K., Cavigelli, S. A., Michaelides, M., Olvet, D. M., Patel, U., Diep, M. N., and Volkow, N. D.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, stres (fyziologie), metabolity, cirkadiánní rytmy, physiology, stress (physiology), metabolites, circadian rhythms, corticosterone, fecal steroid metabolites, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Plasma corticosterone (CORT) measures are a common procedure to detect stress responses in rodents. However, the procedure is invasive and can influence CORT levels, making it less than ideal for monitoring CORT circadian rhythms. In the current paper, we examined the applicability of a non-invasive fecal CORT metabolite measure to assess the circadian rhythm. We compared fecal CORT metabolite levels to circulating CORT levels, and analyzed change in the fecal circadian rhythm following an acute stressor (i.e. blood sampling by tail veil catheter). Fecal and blood samples were collected from male adolescent rats and analyzed for CORT metabolites and circulating CORT respectively. Fecal samples were collected hourly for 24 h before and after blood draw. On average, peak fecal CORT metabolite values occurred 7-9 h after the plasma CORT peak and time-matched fecal CORT values were well correlated with plasma CORT. As a result of the rapid blood draw, fecal production and CORT levels were altered the next day. These results indicate fecal CORT metabolite measures can be used to assess conditions that disrupt the circadian CORT rhythm, and provide a method to measure long-term changes in CORT production. This can benefit research that requires long-term glucocorticoid assessment (e.g. stress mechanisms underlying health)., P. K. Thanos ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

54. A novel association between Aphaenogaster subterranea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the nymphs of Reptalus panzeri (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)

Creator:
Lörinczi, Gábor
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aphaenogaster subterranea, Hemiptera, Cixiidae, Reptaluls panzeri, ant-hemipteran, association, insect-insect relationship, myrmecophily, Fraxinus ornus, ash, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Gábor Lörinczi.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

55. A novel carboxymethylated mercaptotriazinoindole inhibitor of aldose reductase interferes with the polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Creator:
Soltesova Prnova, M., Ballekova, J., Alena Gajdošíková, Gajodsik, A., and Stefek, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, diabetici, diabetics, carboxymethylated mercaptotriazinoindole, aldose reductase inhibitor, polyol pathway, diabetic complications, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of 3- mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole-5-acetic acid (CMTI), an efficient aldose reductase inhibitor, on sorbitol accumulation in selected organs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in vivo . In addition, the effect of CMTI on aldose reductase back reaction and on sorbitol dehydrogenase was determined. The model of experimental diabetes in male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin was used. Experimental diabetes was induced by triple intraperitoneal doses of streptozotocin on three consecutive days. In diabetic rats, significant elevation of sorbitol concentration in the sciatic nerve and eye lenses was recorded. CMTI administered intragastrically (50 mg/kg/day) for five consecutive days significantly inhibited sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve, yet it was without effect in eye lenses of diabetic animals. For aldose reductase back reaction, the substrate affinity of glycerol to aldose reductase was one order lower than that of glyceraldehyde in forward reaction. In addition, the back reaction was much slower, characterized by Vmax value of about 30 times lower than that of the forward reaction. Inhibition of aldose reductase by CMTI was characterized by closely related IC50 values in submicromolar range for both forward and back reactions. No significant inhibition of the second enzyme of the polyol pathway, sorbitol dehydrogenase, by 100 μM CMTI was recorded (I=0.9±2.7 %, n=3). To conclude, the presented results showed the ability of CMTI to affect the polyol pathway in diabetic rats in vivo and represent thus a further step in a complex preclinical evaluation of CMTI as a potential agent for treatment of chronic diabetic complications., M. Soltesova Prnova, J. Ballekova, A. Gajdosikova, A. Gajdosik, M. Stefek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

56. A periadventitial sirolimus-releasing mesh decreased intimal hyperplasia in a rabbit model

Creator:
Ivo Skalský, Elena Filová, Ondrej Szárszoi, Martin Pařízek, Lytvynets, A., Jana Malušková, Alena Lodererová, Eduard Brynda, Věra Lisá, Burdíková, Z., Martin Čapek, Jan Pirk, and Lucie Bačáková
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, stenózy, hyperplazie, stenoses, hyperplasia, intimal hyperplasia, controlled drug release, perivascular mesh, rapamycin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Autologous vein grafts used as aortocoronary bypasses are often prone to intimal hyperplasia, which results in stenosis and occlusion of the vein. The aim of this study was to prevent intimal hyperplasia using a newly developed perivascular system with sustained release of sirolimus. This system of controlled drug release consists of a polyester mesh coated with a copolymer of L-lactic acid and ε -caprolactone that releases sirolimus. The mesh is intended for wrapping around the vein graft during surgery. The mesh releasing sirolimus was implanted in periadventitial position onto arteria carotis communis of rabbits, and neointimal hyperplasia was then assessed. We found that implanted sirolimus-releasing meshes reduced intima thickness by 47±10 % compared to a vein graft after 3 weeks. The pure polyester mesh decreased vein intima thickness by 35±9 %. Thus, our periadventitial system for controlled release of sirolimus prevented the develo pment of intimal hyperplasia in autologous vein grafts in vivo in rabbits. A perivascularly applied mesh releasing sirolimus is a promising device for preventing stenosis of autologous vein grafts., I. Skalský ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

57. A phylogenetic test of the parasite-host associations between Maculinea butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Creator:
Jansen, Gunther, Vepsäläinen, Kari, and Savolainen, Riitta
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, coevolution, host switching, Large blues, local adaptation, Maculinea, Myrmica, Phengaris, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The parasitic caterpillars of Maculinea (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) need to be adopted and nursed by ants of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Each Maculinea species is locally associated with one or a few main and often several secondary host species. To determine whether the parasite-host associations bear marks of cophylogenetic constraints, we reconstructed phylogenies of Maculinea and Myrmica using DNA sequence data. We searched for evidence of cospeciation with a tree-independent (ParaFit) and tree-based (TreeFitter) method. This did not reveal any indication of phylogenetic host tracking in Maculinea. This agrees with earlier insights, which emphasise that as most of the potential host ant populations are never infested by Maculinea, the selective pressure of the butterflies on Myrmica is likely to be slight. Each Maculinea species also specialises on one or a few host plant species before adoption by ants. We suggest that Maculinea species have a substantial potential to accommodate evolutionarily to geographically changing ranges of potential Myrmica hosts, available at the oviposition sites of the butterflies. We use recently published evidence on geographically varying host ant species to discuss a suite of plausible scenarios of adaptive shifts to new Myrmica host species. and Gunther Jansen, Kari Vepsäläinen, Riitta Savolainen.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

58. A polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 2 gene in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy

Creator:
Hubáček, J. A., Terezie Pelikánová, Věra Lánská, and Radko Komers
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, cyklooxygenáza 2, diabetická nefropatie, polymorfismus, cyclooxygenase 2, diabetic nephropathy, polymorphism, -765G>C polymorphism, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most serious complication of Type 1 diabetes (DM1), has a strong genetic component. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an in ducible enzyme by a number of stimuli, has been implicated in pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal disease, including DN. The allele -765C, of the -765G>C polymorphism (rs20417) in the COX-2 promoter has lower promoter activity compared with the -765G allele and protective effects in cardiovascular disease. This polymorphism was not investigated in patients with DM1 and nephropathy. The study was conducted in 779 Caucasian patients with DM1 and compared to a representative sample of healthy Czech population. The patients demonstr ated lower frequencies of the CC genotype (P=0.005). From th e DM1 cohort, 153 patients met the criteria for low risk of the development of DN (LRDN, duration of DM1>10 years, normoalbuminuria, normotension) and 139 patients had manifest DN. There were no differences in -765G>C polymorphisms between LRDN and DN patients. Moreover, the C/G allele frequenc ies did not also differ between the groups. In conclusion, patients with DM1 display lower freqencies of the protective CC genotype as compared to healthy subjects. However, the study did not reveal associations of -765G>C polymorphism with the risk of DN., J. A. Hubáček ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

59. A possible role of the oxidant tissue injury in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

Creator:
Jan Herget, Jiří Wilhelm, Novotná, J., Adam Eckhardt, Richard Vytášek, Mrázková, L., and Ošťádal, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, plicní hypertenze, pulmonary hypertension, chronic hypoxia, pulmonary vasculature, structural remodeling, oxygen free radicals, nitrotyrosine, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Chronic sojourn in hypoxic environment results in the structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of changes in pulmonary vascular structure is related to the increase of radical production induced by lung tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia primes alveolar macrophages to produce more hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the increased release of oxygen radicals by other hypoxic lung cells cannot be excluded. Several recent reports demonstrate the oxidant damage of lungs exposed to chronic hypoxia. The production of nitric oxide is high in animals with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the serum concentration of nitrotyrosine (radical product of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction) is also increased in chronically hypoxic rats. Antioxidants were shown to be effective in the prevention of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. We suppose that the mechanism by which the radicals stimulate of the vascular remodeling is due to their effect on the metabolism of vascular wall matrix proteins. Non-enzymatic protein alterations and/or activation of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases may also participate. The presence of low-molecular weight cleavage products of matrix proteins stimulates the mesenchymal proliferation in the wall of distal pulmonary arteries. Thickened and less compliant peripheral pulmonary vasculature is then more resistant to the blood flow and the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is developed., J. Herget, J. Wilhelm, J. Novotná, A. Eckhardt, R. Vytášek, L. Mrázková, M. Ošťádal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

60. A preliminary study on T-786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and renal hemodynamic and blood pressure responses to dietary sodium

Creator:
Dengel, Donald R., Brown, M. D., Ferrell, R. E., Reynolds, T. H., and Supiano, M. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, stárnutí, glomerulární filtrace, human physiology, aging, glomerular filtration, renal plasma flow, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of the T-786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism on changes in renal hemodynamics and blood pressure due to Na+ loading. Twenty-eight older (63±1 years), moderately obese (39±2 % fat) hypertensives had th eir glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), blood pressure (BP) and plasma nitric oxide (NOx) levels determined after eight days of low (20 mEq) and high (200 mEq) Na+ diets. The two Na+ diets were separated by a 1-week washout period. Subjects were genotyped for the eNOS-786 site and were grouped on whether they were homozygous or heterozygous for the C allele (TC+CC, n=13) or only homozygous for the T allele (TT, n=15). The TC+CC genotype group had a significantly greater increase in diastolic (P=0.021) and mean arterial (P=0.018) BP and a significant decline in both RPF (P=0.007) and GFR (P=0.029) compared to the TT genotype group with Na+ loading. Furthermore, Na+ loading resulted in a significant (P=0.036) increase in plasma NOx in the TT, but not in the TC+CC genotype group as well as a trend (P=0.051) for an increase in urine NOx in TC+CC, but not in the TT genotype group. The increase in BP during Na+ loading in older hypertensives was associated with the eNOS genotype and may be related to changes in renal hemodynamics due to changes in NO metabolism., D. R. Dengel, M. D. Brown, R. E. Ferrell, T. H. Reynolds, M. A. Supiano., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

61. A question of adaptability: climate and habitat change lower trait diversity in butterfly communities in south-western Germany

Creator:
Filz, Katharina J., Wiemers, Martin, Herrig, Anne, Weitzel, Matthias, and Schmitt, Thomas
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, species decline, community composition change, habitat specialisation, functional groups, community temperature index, fallows, south-western Germany, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Invertebrate diversity has rapidly declined throughout Europe during the last century. Various reasons for this decrease have been proposed including human induced factors like climate change. Temperature changes alter distributions and occurrences of butterflies by determining habitat conditions at different scales. We evaluated changes in the composition of butterfly communities recorded at nine areas of fallow ground in south-western Germany in 1973, 1986, 2010 and 2012 using Pollard’s transect technique. To demonstrate the importance of climatic changes in affecting butterfly communities, we calculated the community temperature index (CTI) for each butterfly community in each year. Although they increased slightly, the CTI-values did not match the temperature trends recorded in the study region. However, the reduction in the standard deviations of the CTIs over time is reflected in the marked loss of cold- and warm-adapted species due to their inability to cope with temperature and land-use induced habitat changes. Results of our butterfly surveys indicate a marked decline in species richness and striking changes in the composition of the butterfly communities studied. This trend was most pronounced for habitat specialists, thus mirroring a depletion in trait diversity. Our results indicate that, in the course of large-scale anthropogenic changes, habitat degradation at smaller scales will continuously lead to the replacement of habitat specialists by ubiquitous species., Katharina J. Filz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

62. A review of the recent seismic activity in the southern part of Egypt (Upper Egypt)

Creator:
Haggag, Hamed Mohamed, Gaber, Hassan Hassib, Sayed, Abdalah Dahy, and Ezzat, Mohamed
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, seizmicita, seismicity, Asuán (Egypt), Aswan (Egypt), seismic energy, Upper Egypt, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Analyzing the earthquake catalogue of the Upper Egypt area since 1982 revealed some char acteristics of the seismic activity in the area. Construction of a seismicity map according to the seismicity level in the Upper Egypt showed 14 seismic zones and that the seismic activity is intense around the stra it of the Gulf of Suez, along the Red Sea axis, Abu Dabbab and Aswan area. While the detailed study of Aswan zone showed 8 distinct sub-seismic zones and that the activity is concentrated in and around Gable Marawa area. The b-value was calculated for each seismic zone; it is found that the highest value is in Abu Dabbab area followed by Aswan area. A seismic energy rele ased map of the Upper Egypt was constructed for the period from 1982 to 2006; the map reveals the main active zones with high energy values. The study gives new insight for a better understanding of the seismic activity in the Upper Egypt and helps in the seismic hazard assessment., Haggag Hamed Mohamed, Gaber Hassan Hassib, Sayed Abdalah Dahy and Ezzat Mohamed El-Amin., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

63. A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Coelioxys (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from Australia

Creator:
Rocha-Filho, Léo Correia da
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, systematická zoologie, včely, animal classification, Apoidea, Malajské souostroví, Malay Archipelago, revision, taxonomy, new species, Megachilidae, cleptoparasite, Coelioxys, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The Australian species of the genus Coelioxys Latreille are revised. Six species are recognized: Coelioxys albolineata Cockerell, 1905; Coelioxys froggatti Cockerell, 1911; Coelioxys reginae Cockerell, 1905; Coelioxys weinlandi Schulz, 1904 and two new species: Coelioxys julia sp. n. and Coelioxys tasmaniana sp. n. Three names are synonymized: Coelioxys biroi Friese, 1909 syn. n. and Coelioxys albolineata darwiniensis Cockerell, 1929 syn. n. under Coelioxys albolineata, and Coelioxys victoriae Rayment, 1935 syn. n. under Coelioxys froggatti. Species descriptions and redescriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, floral records and a key to both sexes of all species are provided., Léo Correia da Rocha-Filho., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

64. A role for receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxia

Creator:
Tang, C., To, W. K., Meng, F., Wang, Y., and Gu, Y.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypoxie, hypoxia, Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), hPASMC, Transient receptor potential channel (TRPC), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstric tion (HPV) is an important homeostatic mechanism in which increases of [Ca2+] i are primary events. In this study, primary cultured, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMC) were used to examine the role of TRPC channels in mediating [Ca2+] i elevations during hypoxia. Hypoxia (PO2 about 20 mm Hg) evoked a transient [Ca2+] i elevation that was reduced by removal of extracellular calcium. Nifedipine and verapamil, blockers of vo ltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), attenuated th e hypoxia-induced [Ca2+] i elevation by about 30 %, suggesting the presence of alternate Ca2+ entry pathways. Expression of TRPC1 an d TRPC6 in hPASMC were found by RT-PCR and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Antagonists for TRPC, 2APB and SKF96365, significantly reduced hypoxia-induced [Ca2+] i elevation by almost 60 %. Both TRPC6 and TRPC1 were knocked down by siRNA, the loss of TRPC6 decreased hypoxic response down to 21 % of control, whereas the knockdown of TRPC1 reduced the hypoxia respon se to 85 %, suggesting that TRPC6 might play a central role in mediating hypoxia response in hPASMC. However, blockade of PLC pathway caused only small inhibition of the hypoxia response. In contrast, AICAR, the agonist of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), induced a gradual [Ca2+] i elevation, whereas compound C, an antagonist of AMPK, almost abolished the hypoxia response. Ho wever, co-immunoprecipitation revealed that AMPK α was not colocalized with TRPC6. Our data supports a role for TRPC6 in mediation of the [Ca2+] i elevation in response to hypoxia in hPASMC and suggests that this response may be linked to cellular energy status via an activation of AMPK., C. Tang, W. K To, F. Meng, Y. Wang, Y. Gu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

66. A scheme for the classification of micaceous minerals

Creator:
Karel Melka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, jílové minerály, clay minerals, macrocrystalline micas, IS ordered structures, ISII ordered structures, fundamental particles, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The classification scheme for micaceous minerals is described. According to the size of mineral particles micas are divided into macrocrystalline compounds and microcrystalline clay micas. Macroc rystalline micas are differentiated into (a) Mg-Fe-Al micas, (b) Li-micas, (c) micas with other cations. Vertical boundary in the suggested scheme divides micas into trioctahedral and dioctahedral members. Additional subdivision is carried out on the basis of the extent of Si substitution in tetrahedral positions of their crystal lattice. Microcrystalline (<4μm) micas are subordinate to the crystallochemical scheme for macrocrystalline micas. List of mica species together with their varieties and synonyms is in Table 2., Karel Melka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

67. A subpressor dose of angiotensin II elevates blood pressure in a normotensive rat model by oxidative stress

Creator:
Govender, M. M. and Nadar, A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxidační stres, hypertenze, oxidative stress, hypertension, angiotensin II, subpressor, superoxide radical, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, and is an important etiological factor in the development of hypertension. Recent experimental evidence suggests that subpressor doses of angiotensin II elevate oxidative stress and blood pressure. We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress related mechanism by which a subpressor dose of angiotensin II induces hypertension in a normotensive rat model. Normotensive male Wistar rats were infused with a subpressor dose of angiotensin II for 28 days. The control group was sham operated and infused with saline only. Plasma angiotensin II and H2O2 levels, whole-blood glutathione peroxidase, and AT-1a, Cu/Zn SOD, and p22phox mRNA expression in the aorta was assessed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated in the experimental group. There was no change in angiotensin II levels, but a significant increase in AT-1a mRNA expression was found in the experimental group. mRNA expression of p22phox was increased significantly and Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant change to the H2O2 and GPx levels. Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2 - production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat., M. M. Govender, A. Nadar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

68. A synthesis of feeding habits and reproduction rhythm in Italian seed-feeding ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Creator:
Talarico, Federica, Giglio, Anita, Pizzolotto, Roberto, and Brandmayr, Pietro
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, střevlíkovití, beetles, ground beetles, Coleoptera, Carabidae, food choice, omnivorous, granivorous ground beetles, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Many species of carabid beetles are important pre- and post-dispersal seed feeders of herbaceous plants. Here we summarise data from dissections, field observations, rearing and "cafeteria" experiments on 55 granivorous and 188 omnivorous species that occur in Italy. We tested the hypothesis that seed feeding carabids are restricted to taxa with pronounced morphological adaptations for manipulating and crushing seeds in both the larval and adult stages. The feeding guilds of carabids were rearranged into the following groups: (i) strict predators with long mandibles and predaceous larvae, often depending also on non-prey food; (ii) omnivorous species with stout mandibles and larvae of a seed-eating morphotype; (iii) granivorous species, feeding only on seeds with larvae sometimes of the scarabeoid c-form type. The seed feeding carabids in the Italian fauna belong to the tribe Zabrini (Amara and Zabrus genera) and to all the Harpalinae (sub)tribes, from Anisodactylini to Ditomina. The time of reproduction seems to be associated with habitat preference; wetland or dry open land, rather than true granivorous versus omnivorous habits, but in stenophagous seed feeders, a phenological coincidence with particular plants is sometimes recorded., Federica Talarico, Anita Giglio, Roberto Pizzolotto, Pietro Brandmayr., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

69. Absence of flow-mediated vasodilation in the rabbit femoral artery

Creator:
Clifford, P. S., Madden, J. A., Hamann, J. J., Buckwalter, J. B., and Valic, Z.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endotel, svaly, endothelium, muscles, blood flow, conduit vessel, skeletal muscle, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is flowmediated vasodilation of the femoral artery in response to progressive increases in flow within a physiological range observed in the in vivo experiments. Femoral artery blood flow was determined in conscious rabbits (n=5) using chronically implanted flowprobes. Resting blood flow was 8.3±0.6 ml/min and increased to 39.9±5.4 ml/min during high intensity exercise. Femoral arteries (n=12, 1705±43 μm outer diameter) harvested from a separate group of rabbits were mounted on cannulas and diameter was continuously monitored by video system. Functional integrity of the endothelium was tested with acetylcholine. The arteries were set at a transmural pressure of 100 mm Hg and preconstricted with phenylephrine to 73±3 % of initial diameter. Using a roller pump with pressure held constant, the arteries were perfused intraluminally with warmed, oxygenated Krebs' solution (pH=7.4) over a physiological range of flows up to 35 ml/min. As flow increased from 5 ml/min to 35 ml/min, diameter decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 1285±58 μm to 1100±49 μm. Thus, in vessels with a functional endothelium, increasing intraluminal flow over a physiological range of flows produced constriction, not dilation. Based on these results, it seems unlikely that flow-mediated vasodilation in the rabbit femoral artery contributes to exercise hyperemia., P. S. Clifford ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

70. Abundance and host associations of parasitoids attacking frugivorous drosophilids on Iriomote-jima, a subtropical island of Japan

Creator:
Novkovic, Biljana, Oikawa, Ayako, Murata, Yusuke, Mitsui, Hideyuki, and Kimura, Masahito T.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Asobara, Figitidae, Leptopilina, Diptera, Drosophilidae, Drosophila, parasitoid, host association, resistance, virulence, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
To understand the factors governing the diversity, abundance and host associations of parasitoids attacking frugivorous drosophilid flies on Iriomote-jima, a subtropical island of Japan, we monitored parasitism on several occasions over the period 2003–2009. Fifteen drosophilid and 12 parasitoid species were recorded. Three species of Drosophila, D. bipectinata, D. albomicans and D. takahashii, bred abundantly in banana baits, though their abundance varied between years and seasons. Frequent parasitoid species were Asobara japonica, A. pleuralis (Braconidae), Leptopilina ryukyuensis and L. pacifica (Figitidae). L. victoriae was recorded only in December 2003. In addition, host acceptance and host suitability of the four most frequently recorded parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory. Most parasitoid and drosophilid species showed species-specific associations with more than one antagonist species, suggesting that they have been subjected to complex coevolutionary interactions. In addition, host range of most of the parasitoid species included one of the three major Drosophila species, suggesting that the abundance of potential hosts is one of the factors determining the evolution of parasitoid host use., Biljan Novkovic ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

71. Abundance and species richness of overwintering ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are higher in the edge than in the centre of a woodlot

Creator:
Roume, Anthony, Ouin, Annie, Raison, Laurent, and Deconchat, Marc
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, beneficial arthropods, Coleoptera, Carabidae, hibernation, emergence trap, woodlot, boundary, edge, logging, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Semi-natural habitats are key components of rural landscapes because they shelter a significant number of overwintering arthropods that are beneficial to agriculture. However, woodlots are semi-natural habitats with high patch-level heterogeneity and this aspect has been poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of woodlot heterogeneity on overwintering ground beetles. Woodlot heterogeneity was characterized in terms of distance from the woodlot boundary and date of the most recent logging operation. We used emergence traps to quantify the population density of ground beetles that overwintered in the different parts of the woodlot. In woodlot edges the densities and species richness of ground beetles were significantly higher than in the rest of the woodlot. Ground beetles that are active in crop fields overwintered in the edges but not in the inner zone of the woodlot. Species assemblages of ground beetles overwintering in the edges were highly diverse. The date of the most recent logging operation did not explain the distribution of ground beetles that overwintered in the woodlot. Our results show that woodlots, and in particular their edges, are used as a winter shelter by ground beetles that spend part of their life in crops, which potentially favours biological control in adjacent crop fields. and Anthony Roume, Annie Ouin, Laurent Raison, Marc Deconchat.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

72. Accuracy of the relative gravity measurement

Creator:
Lederer, Martin
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geodynamika, geodynamics, accuracy, precision, relative gravimetry, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Precise relative gravimeters achieve the internal precision about a few μGal 1, even in field conditions. Nevertheless this precision is in fact concerned with the instant of measurement and can not be confused with the accuracy of the gravity at the gravity station, which is influenced by other effects. The best approach of these two values is question of high-quality elimination of instrumental errors and time-variable disturbing effects affecting the relative gravity measurements., Martin Lederer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

73. Accurate normalization factor for wire myography of rat femoral artery

Creator:
Peter Slezák, Waczulíková, I., Peter Bališ, and Angelika Púzserová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, wire myograph, normalization procedure, rat femoral artery, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Wire myograph is a device for the in vitro investigation of both, active and passive properties of arteries. Arteries from a variety of animal species, pathological states, and vascular beds were investigated using this method. We focus on the normalization procedure which is aimed to standardize experimental settings and, in part, to simulate physiological conditions. During normalization, it is determined the internal circumference of a vessel stretched to a tension that corresponds to the transmural pressure of 100 mm Hg (IC100). Once it is determined, the internal circumference is traditionally set to (0.9 ⋅ IC100). However, this constant 0.9, called also the normalization factor (NF), was experimentally determined for rat small mesenteric arteries only. Therefore, the aim of our work was to show the influence of different NFs on the passive tension and reactivity of both, rat femoral arteries (FA) an d the first branches of superior mesenteric arteries (MA). We found out that the maximal active wall tension of the FA was achieved at the NF value of 1.1, and that of the MA at 0.9. Considering the values of the active wall tension we suggest that higher reactivity and better signal-to- noise ratio in FA can be achieved when the NF is set at least to 1.0., P. Slezák, I. Waczulíková, P. Bališ, A. Púzserová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

74. Acetaldehyde at clinically relevant concentrations inhibits inward rectifier potassium current IK1 in rat ventricular myocytes

Creator:
Markéta Bébarová, Matejovič, P., Milena Šimurdová, and Jindřich Šimurda
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, acetaldehyd, acetaldehyde, arrhythmias, inward rectifier, IK1 inhibition, rat ventricular myocytes, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Considering the effects of alcohol on cardiac electrical behavior as well as the important role of the inward rectifier potassium current I K1 in arrhythmogenesis, this study was aimed at the effect of acetaldehyd e, the primary metabolite of ethanol, on I K1 in rat ventricular myocytes. Acetaldehyde induced a reversible inhibition of I K1 with IC 50 = 53.7± 7.7 μM at -110 mV; a significant inhibition was documented even at clinically -relevant concentrations (at 3 μM by 13.1 ±3.0 % ). The inhibition was voltage -independent at physiological voltages above - 90 mV. The I K1 changes under acetaldehyde may contribute to alcohol - induced alterations of cardiac electrophysiology, especially in individuals with a genetic defect of a ldehyde dehydrogenase where the acetaldehyde level may be elevated., M. Bébarová, P. Matejovič, M. Šimurdová, J. Šimurda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

75. Acetylcholine and bradykinin induce paradoxically amplified hypotensive response in hypertensive NO-deficient rats

Creator:
Mária Gerová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, NO synthase, long-term NO synthase inhibition, acetylcholine hypotension, bradykinin hypotension, L-NAME, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
M. Gerová. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

76. Acoustic signals of the bush-crickets Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and adjacent territories

Creator:
Zhantiev, Roustem, Korsunovskaya, Olga, and Benediktov, Alexander
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, rovnokřídlí, Phaneropterinae, zvukové signály, Orthoptera, acoustic signals, Barbitistinae, Isophya, stridulatory files, behaviour, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Temporal patterns and frequency spectra of the songs and stridulatory files of 14 species of the genus of the phaneropterid bush-crickets Isophya from Eastern Europe, Altai and the Caucasus are given. The sound signals of the species studied can be separated into three main types: (1) those consisting of two syllables (Isophya gracilis, I. kalishevskii, I. schneideri, I. caspica, Isophya sp. 1); (2) one syllable and series of clicks (I. modesta rossica, I. stepposa, I. taurica, I. brunneri, I. doneciana, I. altaica); (3) single repeating syllables of uniform shape and duration (I. pienensis, Isophya sp. 2 and possibly I. stysi). The acoustic signals and behaviour of eastern European, Altai and Caucasian species are compared to those of several other European species of Isophya., Roustem Zhantiev, Olga Korsunovskaya, Alexander Benediktov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

77. Acquisition and retrieval of conditioned taste aversion is impaired by brain damage caused by two hours of pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus

Creator:
Šroubek, J., Jakub Hort, Vladimír Komárek, Miloš Langmeier, and Gustav Brožek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, epilepsie, epilepsy, conditioned taste aversion, pilocarpine, nondeclarative memory, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of Cavalheiro's pilocarpine model of epileptogenesis upon conditioned taste aversion (CTA), an important example of nondeclarative memory, was studied in adult Long Evans rats. Deterioration of CTA was studied during the silent period between pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) and delayed spontaneous recurrent seizures. SE was elicited by i.p. injection of pilocarpine (320 mg/kg ) and interrupted after 2 hours by clonazepame (1 mg/kg i.p.). Peripheral cholinergic symptoms were suppressed by methylscopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p.), administered together with pilocarpine. CTA was formed against the salty taste of isotonic LiCl. In the experiment of CTA acquisition, the CTA was formed and tested during the silent period after SE. In the experiment of CTA retrieval, the CTA was acquired before SE and the retrieval itself was tested during the silent period. Retrieval of CTA acquired before SE was impaired more than the retrieval of CTA formed during the silent period. Our findings indicate that epileptic seizures can disrupt even non-declarative memory but that CTA formed by the damaged brain can use its better preserved parts for memory trace formation. Ketamine (50 mg/kg i.p.) applied 2 min after the onset of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus protected memory deterioration., J. Šroubek, J. Hort, V. Komárek, M. Langmeier, G. Brožek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

78. Acrylamide: a common food toxin related to physiological functions and health

Creator:
Semla, M., Goc, Z., Martiniaková, M., Omelka, R., and Formicki, G.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, akrylamid, genotoxicita, oxidační stres, acrylamide, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Acrylamide (AA) is a highly reactive organic compound capable of polymerization to form polyacrylamide, which is commonly used throughout a variety of industries. Given its toxic effect on humans and animals, the last 20 years have seen an increased interest in research devoted to the AA. One of the main sources of AA is food. AA appears in heated food following the reaction between amino acids and reduced sugars. Large concentrations of AA can be found in popular staples such as coffee, bread or potato products. An average daily consumption of AA is between 0.3-2.0 μg/kg b.w. Inhalation of acrylamide is related with occupational exposure. AA delivered with food is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450. AA biotransformation and elimination result in formation of toxic glycidamide (GA). Both, AA and GA can be involved in the coupling reaction with the reduced glutathione (GSH) forming glutathione conjugates which are excreted with urine. Biotransformation of AA leads to the disturbance in the redox balance. Numerous research proved that AA and GA have significant influence on physiological functions including signal propagation in peripheral nerves, enzymatic and hormonal regulation, functions of muscles, reproduction etc. In addition AA and GA show neurotoxic, genotoxic and cancerogenic properties. In 1994, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified acrylamide as a potentially carcinogenic substance to human., M. Semla, Z. Goc, M. Martiniaková, R. Omelka, G. Formicki., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

79. Actigenetic of ACE gene polymorphism in Czech obese sedentary females

Creator:
Pavel Suchánek, Jaroslav Hubáček, Ivana K. Lesná, Pinekerová, V., and Věra Adámková
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, angiotenzin konvertující enzym, biochemistry, angiotensin converting enzyme, fyzická aktivita, index tělesné hmotnosti, inzerce/delece polymorfismu, physical activity, body mass index, insertion/deletion polymorphism, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and many genes have been implicated in determination of obesity, but our knowledge of the genes responsible for individual differences in weight loss after physical intervention are poor. One of the candidate genes is a gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ant its insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism. We have analyzed the association between the ACE gene variant in intervened obese females. Twenty four unrelated healthy obese (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2, with abdominal type of obesity) premenopausal (age between 25 and 45 years) Czech Caucasian sedentary and non-diabetic females, pre-selected according the ACE I/D polymorphism (twelve II and twelve DD homozygotes) were studied in a medical research centre. They underwent 9 weeks intervention program (combination of the lowering of dietary intake to optimal level for the age and 3 times a week physical activity at fitness centre). The participants were supervised to sustain a heart rate of 65 % of maximum. Anthropometrical, biochemical parameters and body composition (Bodystat 1500) were analyzed before and after the intervention. Our study suggest, that in Czech Caucasian females I/D polymorphism within the ACE gene will have no major effect on weight loss. Interestingly, we have detected, that in obese females II genotype was associated with higher increase in basal metabolic rate (202 kcal per day) then in DD homozygotes (p<0.05), thus at least under some circumstances, this genetic variant may have an slight effect on BMI development., P. Suchánek ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

80. Action of GABA-B antagonist on cortical epileptic afterdischarges in rats is similar to that of GABA-A antagonist

Creator:
Živanović, D., Klára Bernášková, Kaminskij, Yu., and Pavel Mareš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, epileptické záchvaty, mozková kůra, epileptic seizures, cerebral cortex, rat, CGP 35348, bicuculline, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Threshold intensities for epileptic phenomena induced by cortical stimulation were used for comparison of the action of GABA-B and GABA-A antagonists in rats with implanted electrodes. Both CGP 35348 (200 mg/kg i.p.) and bicuculline (4 mg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased thresholds for spike-and-wave afterdischarges and their motor counterpart (clonic seizures) whilst transition into the second, limbic type of afterdischarge as well as threshold for movements directly bound to stimulation remained uninfluenced by either drug., D. Živanović, K. Bernášková, Yu. Kaminskij, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

81. Actions of angiotensin II and dopamine in the medial preoptic area on prolactin secretion

Creator:
Leite, C. M., Machado, G. J. R., Dornelles, R. C. M., and Franci, Celso Rodrigues
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, dopamin, estrogeny, physiology, dopamine, estrogens, prolactin, medial preoptic area, angiotensin II, dopaminergic antagonists, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Dopamine (DA) is known as a primary regulator of prolactin secretion (PRL) and angiotensin II (Ang II) has been recognized as one brain inhibitory factor of this secretion. In this work, estrogen-primed or unprimed ovariectomized rats were submitted to the microinjection of saline or Ang II after previous microinjection of saline or of DA antagonist (haloperidol, sulpiride or SCH) both in the medial preoptic area (MPOA). Our study of these interactions has shown that 1) estrogen-induced PRL secretion is mediated by Ang II and DA actions in the MPOA, i.e. very high plasma PRL would be prevented by inhibitory action of Ang II, while very low levels would be prevented in part by stimulatory action of DA through D2 receptors, 2) the inhibitory action of Ang II depends on estrogen and is mediated in part by inhibitory action of DA through D1 receptors and in other part by inhibition of stimulatory action of DA through D2 receptors., C. M. Leite, G. J. R. Machado, R. C. M. Dornelles, C. R. Franci., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické poznámky
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

82. Actions of lyotropic anions on the mechanical properties of fast and slow twitch rat muscles at different temperatures

Creator:
Wondmikun, Y., Tomáš Soukup, and Gerhard Asmussen
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, svaly, teplota, muscles, temperature, slow and fast muscles, contractile properties, twitch potentiation, lyotropic anions, rat, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The effects of lyotropic (swelling) anions (Cl-, Br-, NO3- and I-) on contractile properties of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles were investigated in vitro at 20 °C and 35 °C. Isolated muscles bathed in anionic Tyrode solution were stimulated directly and isometric single twitches and fused tetanic contractions were recorded. In a Cl- Tyrode solution a decrease of the bathing temperature led to a cold potentiation of the twitch tension (Pt) in EDL muscles, however, to a cold depression in SOL muscles, in both muscles combined with a prolongation of contraction (CT) and half relaxation (HRT) times. The extent and order of the potentiating effect of lyotropic anions on the Pt, CT and HRT in EDL and SOL were quite similar and increased in the order: Cl-< Br- < NO3- < I-. Since the lyotropic anions did not influence tetanic tensions, the twitch-tetanus ratio (TTR) was increased in NO3- and I- solutions. All effects of the anions were rapidly and completely reversed in both muscles when the test solution was replaced by the normal one. The temperature decrease caused no significant alteration in the potentiation capacity of the anions or in the kinetics of their action and reversibility., Y. Wondmikun, T. Soukup, G. Asmussen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

83. Activation of adenosine A3 receptors potentiates stimulatory effects of IL-3, SCF, and GM-CSF on mouse granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells

Creator:
Michal Hofer, Antonín Vacek, Milan Pospíšil, Jiřina Holá, Denisa Štreitová, and Vladimír Znojil
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, biofyzika, krvetvorba, růstové faktory, biophysics, hematopoiesis, growth factors, adenosine A3 receptor, IB-MECA, hematopoietic growth factors, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Adenosine A3 receptor agonist N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5’-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) has been tested from the point of view of potentiating the effects of hematopoietic growth factors interleukin-3 (IL-3), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells for granulocytes and macrophages (GM-CFC) in suspension of normal mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. IB-MECA alone induced no GM-CFC growth. Significant elevation of numbers of GM-CFC evoked by the combinations of IB-MECA with IL-3, SCF, or GM-CSF as compared with these growth factors alone has been noted. Combinat ion of IB-MECA with G-CSF did not induce significantly higher numbers of GM-CFC in comparison with G-CSF alone. Joint action of three drugs, namely of IB-MECA + IL-3 + GM-CSF, produced significantly higher numbers of GM-CFC in comparison with the combinations of IB-MECA + IL-3, IB-MECA + GM-CSF, or IL-3 + GM-CSF. These results give evidence of a significant role of selective activation of adenosine A3 receptors in stimulation of the growth of granulocyte/macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells., M. Hofer ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

84. Activation of adenylate cyclase system in the preconditioned rat heart

Creator:
Ľudmila Okruhlicová, Ravingerová, T., Dezider Pancza, Narcisa Tribulová, Ján Styk, and Štetka, R.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, cytochemie, srdce, cytochemistry, heart, ischemic preconditioning, adenylate cyclase, rat, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Ischemic preconditioning (IP) protects the heart against subsequent prolonged ischemia. Whether the β-adrenoceptor/adenylate cyclase pathway contributes to this cardioprotection is not yet fully known. Using enzyme catalytic cytochemistry we studied the adenylate cyclase activity and its distribution in the preconditioned rat heart. Adenylate cyclase activity was examined in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to the following conditions: control perfusion; 30 min regional ischemia; 5 min occlusion and 10 min reperfusion (IP); IP followed by ischemia. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias and the effect of ischemic preconditioning on the incidence of arrhythmias were analyzed. At the end of experiment the heart was shortly prefixed with glutaraldehyde. Tissue samples from the left ventricle were incubated in a medium containing the specific substate AMP-PNP for adenylate cyclase and then routinely processed for electron microscopy. Adenylate cyclase activity was cytochemically demonstrated in the sarcolemma and the junctional sarcoplasmic reliculum (JSR) in control hearts, while it was absent after test ischemia. The highest activity of the precipitate was observed after ischemic preconditioning. In the preconditioned hearts followed by test ischemia, adenylate cyclase activity in the precipitate was preserved in sarcolemma and even more in JSR. Protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was manifested by the suppression of severe arrhythmias. These rresults indicate the involvement of the adenylate cyclase system in mechanisms underlying ischemic preconditioning., Ľ. Okruhlicová, T. Ravingerová, D. Pancza, N. Tribulová, J. Styk, R. Štetka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

85. Activation of Helicobacter pylori causes either autoimmune thyroid diseases or carcinogenesis in the digestive tract

Creator:
Jaromír Astl and Ivan Šterzl
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mutageny, maligní nádorová onemocnění, mutagens, cancer, Helicobacter pylori, autoimmune thyroiditis, MELISA, CagA gene, Tonsillar tissue, Oropharynx, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in stimulation of immune system, development of autoimmune endocrinopathies as autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and on other hand induction of immunosupresion activates gastric and extra-gastric diseases such as gastric ulcer or cancer. It causes persistent lifelong infection despite local and systemic immune response. Our results indicate that Helicobacter pylori might cause inhibition of the specific cellular immune response in Helicobacter pyloriinfected patients with or without autoimmune diseases such as AT. We cannot also declare the carcinogenic effect in oropharynx. However the association of any infection agents and cancerogenesis exists. The adherence of Helicobacter pylori expression and enlargement of benign lymphatic tissue and the high incidence of the DNA of Helicobacter pylori in laryngopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancer is reality. LTT appears to be a good tool for detection of immune memory cellular response in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and AT. All these complications of Helicobacter pylori infection can be abrogated by successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori., J. Astl, I. Šterzl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

86. Activation of HPA axis and remodeling of body chemical composition in response to an intense and exhaustive exercise in C57BL/6 mice

Creator:
Rosa, E. F., Alves, G. A., Luz, J., Silva, S. M. A., Suchecki, D., Pesquero, J. B., Aboulafia, J., and Nouailhetas, V. L. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, tělesné složení, nadledviny, brzlík, body composition, adrenal glands, thymus, intense exercise, HPA axis, gastrocnemius muscle, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Several deleterious effects may occur when intense and exhaustive exercise (IE) is not well-planned. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short duration IE on body chemical composition and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into four groups (10 mice per group): control (C-4D and C-10D), 4 days (E-4D), and 10 days of IE (E-10D). IE program consisted of a daily running session at 85 % of maximum speed until the animal reached exhaustion. Body weight as well as total body water, fat and protein content were determined from animal carcasses. HPA activation was assessed by plasma corticosterone levels measured by radioimmunoassay and the weight of both the adrenal glands and thymus were measured. Plasma corticosterone levels increased by 64 % in both the E-4D and E-10D groups. The weight of the adrenal glands augmented by 74 % and 45 %, at 4 and 10 days of IE, respectively, whereas thymus weight diminished by 15 % only in the E-10D group. The total carcass fat content decreased by 20 % only at 4 days IE, whereas protein content decreased by 20 % in both E-4D and E-10D groups. A relationship between corticosterone plasma levels and loss of body protein content in both E-4D and E-10D groups was observed (R2=0.999). We concluded that IE may be related to HPA axis activation associated with remodeling of body chemical composition in C57BL/6 mice., E. F. Rosa, G. A. Alves, J. Luz, S. M. A. Silva, D. Suchecki, J. B. Pesquero, J. Aboulafia, V. L. A. Nouailhetas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

87. Activation of mitochondrial glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase in regenerating rat liver by triiodothyronine

Creator:
Halka Lotková, Hana Rauchová, and Zdeněk Drahota
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mitochondrie, mitochondrias, liver regeneration, triiodothyronine, glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Triiodothyronine administration before partial hepatectomy increased the activity of mitochondrial glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase. The enzyme activity was further activated after partial hepatectomy during the regenerative process. Our findings showed that: a) the increase of glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase induced by triiodothyronine was further potentiated by the regeneration process, b) the high activity of the glycerophosphate shuttle was maintained after partial hepatectomy during the period, when most of the liver tissue had again been recovered., H. Lotková, H. Rauchová, Z. Drahota., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

88. Activation of Nrf2 by ischemic preconditioning and sulforaphane in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a comparative experimental study

Creator:
Shokeir, A. A., Barakat, N., Hussein, A. M., Awadalla, A., Harraz, A. M., Khater, S., Hemmaid, K., and Kamal, A. I.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxidační stres, cytokiny, ischemie, oxidative stress, cytokines, ischemia, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, preconditioning, sulforaphane, oxidative stress markers, reperfusion, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Objectives of the study were to investigate impact of ischemic preconditioning (Ipre) and sulforaphane (SFN) and combination of them on nuclear factor 2 erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene and its dependent genes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and NADPHquinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO-1) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1β, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and caspase-3 in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ninety male Sprague Dawely rats were classified into 5 groups (each consists of 18 rats): sham, control, Ipre, sulforaphane and Sulfo+Ipre. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups each containing 6 rats according to time of harvesting kidney and taking blood samples; 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days subgroups. Renal functions including serum creatinine, BUN were measured at basal conditions and by the end of experiment. Expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and ICAM-1 was measured by real time PCR in kidney tissues by the end of experiment. Also, immunohistochemical localization of caspase-3 and chemical assay of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH and SOD activity were measured in kidney tissues. Both Ipre and SFN improved kidney functions, enhanced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1, attenuated the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, and ICAM-1) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. However, the effect of sulforaphane was more powerful than Ipre. Also, a combination of them caused more improvement in antioxidant genes expression and more attenuation in inflammatory genes but not caspase-3 than each one did separately. Sulforaphane showed more powerful effect in renoprotection against I/R injury than Ipre as well as there might be a synergism between them at the molecular but not at the function level., A. A. Shokeir, N. Barakat, A. M. Hussein, A. Awadalla, A. M. Harraz, S. Khater, K. Hemmaid, A. I. Kamal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

89. Active tectonic fault microdisplacement analyses: a comparison of results from surface and underground monitoring in western Slovakia

Creator:
Briestenský, Miloš, Blahoslav Košťák, Stemberk, Josef, Ľubomír Petro, Jozef Vozár, and Fojtíková, Lucia
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, zemětřesení, jeskyně, tenzometrie, earthquake, caves, extensometry, active faulting, microdisplacements, rock massif dilation, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
This paper examines the results of fault microdisplacement analyses obtained from sites located both at the surface and underground in western Slovakia. The results of surface monitoring showed significant annual climatic effects on the various displacement components. In contrast, the results of underground monitoring in caves showed minimal climatic effects. It is seen that the influence of climate decreases markedly with depth. The yearly peak-to-peak amplitude of climatic variations may be as high as 1 mm at the surface but only 0.1 mm underground. The amount of tectonic displacement can be determined once such climatic considerations have been taken into account. Our fault displacement measurements show horizontal strike-slip rates of tenths of mm or hundredths of mm per year. In addition, vertical displacements have been recorded at Prekážka Quarry, Driny Cave, and Slopy Cave. The network is sufficiently dense to identify changes in displacement activity recorded during recent, significant, earthquake events. Furthermore, three gauges have also helped to determine the local stress orientation in Driny Cave., Miloš Briestenský, Blahoslav Košťák, Josef Stemberk, Ľubomír Petro, Jozef Vozár and Lucia Fojtíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

90. Active tectonics in the Eastern Margin of the Bohemian massif: based on the geophysical, geomorphological and GPS data

Creator:
Lubomil Pospíšil, Pavel Roštínský, Otakar Švábenský, Josef Weigel, and Witiska, Michal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geodynamika, GPS (navigační systém), geodynamics, GPS (navigation system), active tectonic, morphology, movement tendencies, Waitzendorf and Diendorf faults, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
One of the leaved out fault active systems at Southern Moravian can be considered the so called Diendorf - Čebín tectonic zone (DCTZ), that is seismically active in its southern segment (in Austrian). The Waitzendorf fault is a part of the DCTZ, with intensive morphological signs. The terrain recognizance along the eastern margin of the Dyje Dome confirmed many indi cations showing evidence of geodynamic activity. The facets, old land slides and rock falls indicate recent activity in the environs of Znojmo area. The paper offers interpretation of the geodetic results (GPS) using morphological and geophysical data from all area of the DCTZ ., Lubomil Pospíšil, Pavel Roštínský, Otakar Švábenský, Josef Weigel and Michal Witiska., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

91. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes and plasma transaminases of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch.) exposed to cadmium

Creator:
Žikić, R. V., Štajn, A. Š., Pavlović, S. Z., Ognjanović, B. I., and Saićić, Z. S.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kadmium, karas, cadmium, Carassius, superoxide dismutase, catalase, transaminases, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Four groups of goldfish were exposed to cadmium in a concentration of 20 mg Cd/l water under aquarium conditions. The duration of exposure was 1, 4, 7 and 15 days. It was shown that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the red blood cells (RBC) significantly decreased after the first day of cadmium exposure. However, the SOD activity increased after 7 and 15 days of cadmium treatment. Elevated activity of catalase (CAT) was found in erythrocytes of cadmium-treated fishes after 15 days, whereas plasma GOT levels was increased after 7 and 15 days and GPT levels after 1, 4, 7 and 15 days of cadmium treatment. This was accompanied by a significant decrease of blood hemoglobin concentrations (after 15 days) and hematocrit values (after 7 and 15 days). However, the concentration of blood glucose significantly increased after 1, 4, 7 and 15 days of cadmium exposure. These results indicate that cadmium causes oxidative stress and tissue damage in the exposed fishes., R.V. Žikić, A. Š. Štajn, S. Z. Pavlović, B. I. Ognjanović, Z. S. Saičić., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

92. Activity of paraoxonase 1 and lipid profile in healthy children

Creator:
Katarína Sumegová, Nagyová, Z., Waczulíková, I., Žitňanová, I., and Zdeňka Ďuračková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, biochemie, lipoproteiny, ateroskleróza, biochemistry, lipoproteins, atherosclerosis, vysokodenzitní lipoprotein, lipidové peroxidy, paraoxonáza 1, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), lipid peroxides, paraoxonase 1, TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) seems to have a relevant role in detoxifying processes and in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine PON1 activity, the total antioxidant capacity, as well as entire lipid profile in children for screening of possible risk of atherosclerosis development. Serum PON1 arylesterase/paraoxonase activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The total antioxidant capacity of the serum was measured by TEAC method. Parameters of lipid profile were analyzed by routine laboratory methods. It has been shown that PON1 arylesterase/ paraoxonase activities were very similar to values found in adults. In children, no significant correlation between PON1 arylesterase activity and HDL was observed. PON1 paraoxonase activity correlated only with atherogenic index. PON1 arylesterase activity was significantly higher in girls than in boys. The antioxidant capacity was inversely related to the body mass index. In this study, PON1 activity was determined in healthy children aged 11 to 12 years and we found a similarity in PON1 activities of children and adults. Moreover, the results of our study support the hypothesis that higher body weight of children may contribute to a greater risk for development of atherosclerosis in which oxidative stress plays a role., K. Sumegová, Z. Nagyová, I. Waczulíková, I. Žitňanová, Z. Ďuračková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

93. Activity of the laryngeal abductor and adductor muscles during cough, expiration and aspiration reflexes in cats

Creator:
Ivan Poliaček, Stránsky, A., Ján Jakuš, Helena Baráni, Zoltán Tomori, and Erika Halašová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kašel, kočky, cough, cats, laryngeal muscles, expiration and aspiration reflexes, electromyogram, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We studied the temporal relationships and the patterns of electromyographic activities of the posterior cricoarytenoid and thyreoarytenoid muscles (laryngeal abductor and adductor), the diaphragm and abdominal muscles in anesthetized cats during mechanically induced tracheobronchial and laryngopharyngeal coughs, expiration and aspiration reflexes. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity reached the maxima just before the peak of diaphragmatic activity in both types of cough and aspiration reflexes and slightly before the top of abdominal muscle activity in coughs and the expiration reflex. Thus, this muscle contributes to the inspiratory phase of coughs and aspiration reflex and also to the expulsive phase of coughs and the expiration reflex. The thyreoarytenoid muscle presented strong discharges in the compressive phase of coughs and expiration reflex (during the rising part of the abdominal muscle activity) and in the subsequent laryngoconstriction (following the diaphragmal and/or abdominal muscle activity) in all four reflexes. This muscle was also slightly activated at the beginning of the aspiration reflex. The existence of four phases of the cough reflex is also discussed., I. Poliaček, A. Stránsky, J. Jakuš, H. Baráni, Z. Tomori, E. Halašová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

94. Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on the testosterone and cortisol responses in obese males: a systematic review

Creator:
O'Leary, C. B. and Hackney, A. C.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hormony, nadváha, hormones, overweight, strength training, endocrine, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The biosynthesis and metabolism of testosterone and cortisol are altered by the high levels of adipose tissue and the constant state of low-grade inflammation of obesity. Resistance exercise (REx) has become one of the main lifestyle interventions prescribed to obese individuals due to its ability to positively influence body composition and some biomarkers, such as cholesterol and insulin resistance. Yet, little research has been done in obese examining the effects of REx on the testosterone and blood cortisol responses, two integral hormones in both exercise and obesity. The obese testosterone response to REx and whether or not it is blunted compared to lean individuals remains elusive. Conflicting findings concerning the blood cortisol response have also been reported, likely due to variance in REx protocol and the level of obesity in the participants in studies. Comparatively, both of these hormones have been extremely well studied in untrained lean males, which could be used as a basis for future research in obese males. However, without this endocrinological information, it is unknown if the current acute REx prescriptions are appropriate for eliciting a favorable acute endocrinological response, and ultimately, a positive chronic adaptation in obese males., C. B. O'Leary, A: C. Hackney., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

95. Acute and chronic role of nitric oxide, renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in the modulation of calcium sensitization in wistar rats

Creator:
Brunová, A., Bencze, M., Michal Behuliak, and Josef Zicha
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, oxid dusnatý, sympatický nervový systém, blood pressure, nitric oxide, sympathetic nervous system, calcium sensitization, rho-kinase, renin-angiotensin system, prostanoids, fasudil, L-NAME, captopril, guanethidine, pentolinium, indomethacin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Principal vasoactive systems - renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids - exert their vascular effects through the changes in calcium levels and/or calcium sensitization. To estimate a possible modulation of calcium sensitization by the above vasoactive systems, we studied the influence of acute and chronic blockade of particular vasoactive systems on blood pressure (BP) changes elicited in conscious normotensive rats by acute dose-dependent administration of Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Adult male chronically cannulated Wistar rats were used throughout this study. The acute inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) by L-NAME enhanced BP response to fasudil, the effect being considerably augmented in rats deprived of endogenous SNS. The acute inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by indomethacin modified BP response to fasudil less than the acute NOS inhibition. The chronic NOS inhibition caused moderate BP elevation and a more pronounced augmentation of fasudilinduced BP changes compared to the effect of acute NOS inhibition. This indicates both short-term and long-term NOdependent attenuation of calcium sensitization. Long-term inhibition of RAS by captopril caused a significant attenuation of BP changes elicited by fasudil. In contrast, a long-term attenuation of SNS by chronic guanethidine treatment (in youth or adulthood) had no effect on BP response to fasudil, suggesting the absence of SNS does not affect calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle of normotensive rats. In conclusion, renin-angiotensin system contributes to the long-term increase of calcium sensitization and its effect is counterbalanced by nitric oxide which decreases calcium sensitization in Wistar rats., A. Brunová, M. Bencze, M. Behuliak, J. Zicha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

96. Acute antiapoptotic effects of hydrocortisone in the hippocampus of neonatal rats

Creator:
Menshanov, P. N., Bannova, A. V., Bulygina, V. V., and Dygalo, N. N.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Apoptosis, Developing hippocampus, Hydrocortisone, Glucocorticoids, DNA fragmentation, Caspase-3, Bcl-XL, Bax, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Natural glucocorticoid hydrocortisone was suggested as a potent substitution for dexamethasone in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydrocortisone is able to affect the expression of apoptotic genes and the intensity of naturally occurring cell death in the developing rat hippocampus. Hormone treatment decreased procaspase-3 and active caspase-3 levels as well as DNA fragmentation intensity in the hippocampal formation of one-week-old rats in 6 h after injection. These changes were accompanied by an upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL, while expression of proapoptotic protein Bax remained unchanged. The action of hydrocortisone was glucocorticoid receptor-independent, as the selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone did not affect either apoptotic protein levels or DNA fragmentation intensity in the hippocampal region. The data are the first evidences for in vivo antiapoptotic effects of hydrocortisone in the developing hippocampus., P. N. Menshanov, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

97. Acute but not chronic tempol treatment increases ischemic and reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in open-chest rats

Creator:
Jan Neckář, Bohuslav Ošťádal, and František Kolář
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, ischemie, srdeční arytmie, myocardial infarction, physiology, ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia, ischemia/reperfusion, oxygen radicals, tempol, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of the chronic and acute antioxidant tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic) treatment on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. The first experimental group was given tempol (1 mM) in drinking water for three weeks, the second group received tempol (100 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before test ischemia, and control rats received the same volume of solvent. Anesthetized open-chest animals (pentobarbitone 60 mg/kg, i.p.) were subjected to 20-min coronary artery occlusion and 3-h reperfusion for infarct size determination. Ventricular arrhythmias were monitored during ischemia and at the beginning (5 min) of reperfusion. Acute tempol administration shifted the time profile of ischemic arrhythmias to the later phase and significantly increased the number of ischemic and reperfusion premature ventricular complexes, respectively (504±127 and 84±21) as compared with the chronically treated group (218±36 and 47±7) or controls (197±26 and 31±7). Acute tempol-treated rats exhibited a tendency to decrease infarct size (P = 0.087). The mechanism of proarrhythmic tempol action during ischemia and reperfusion remains to be elucidated., J. Neckář, B. Ošťádal, F. Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

98. Acute cadmium exposure causes systemic and thromboembolic events in mice

Creator:
Fahim, M.A., Nemmar, A., Dhanasekaran, S., Singh, S., Shafiullah, M., Yasin, J., Zia, S., and Hasan, M. Y.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, cadmium, thrombosis, liver, kidney, toxicology, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, poses a potential threat and affects many systems in human and animals. Although several reports on Cd toxicity were presented, the acute effect of Cd on systemic and thrombotic events was not reported so far. Cd (2.284 mg/kg) or saline (control) was injected intraperitoneally (ip), and the systemic parameters were assessed in mice. Compared to control group, acute intraperitoneal injection of Cd, in mice showed significant quickening of platelet aggregation (P<0.001) leading to pial cerebral thrombosis. Likewise, Cd exposure caused a significant increase in white blood cell numbers (P<0.05) indicating the occurrence of systemic inflammation. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) levels were both significantly increased. Interestingly, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in Cd treated group compared to control group (P<0.001), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. We conclude that the Cd exposure in mice causes acute thromboembolic events, oxidative stress and alter liver and kidney functions., M.A. Fahim ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

99. Acute effect of hydrochlorothiazide on renal calcium and magnesium handling in postmenopausal women

Creator:
Štefíková, K., Viera Spustová, and Rastislav Dzúrik
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, calcium excretion, magnesium excretion, phosphate excretion, hydrochlorothiazide, intrinsic cellular control, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
K. Štefíková, V. Spustová, R. Dzúrik. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

100. Acute liver failure induced by thioacetamide : Selection of Optimal Dosage in Wistar and Lewis Rats: selection of optimal dosage in wistar and lewis rats

Creator:
Eva Koblihová, Mrázová, I., Zdenka Vernerová, and Ryska, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, játra, liver, acute liver failure, thioacetamide, wistar rats, lewis rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition with very high mortality rate. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood, which necessitates a search for optimal experimental ALF models with features resembling those of the human disorder. Taking into consideration reproducibility of induction of ALF, adequate animal size, cost of animals, the required time gap between insult and death of animals (“therapeutic window”), potential risk to investigator and other aspects, administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats is currently most recommended. However, the fundamental details of this ALF model have not yet been evaluated. This prompted us to investigate, first, the course of ALF as induced by intraperitoneal TAA at doses increasing from 175 to 700 mg/kg BW per day. The animals’ survival rate, plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and bilirubin and ammonia levels were determined over the follow-up period. Second, we examined whether Wistar and Lewis rats exhibit any differences in the course of ALF induced by different TAA doses. We found that the optimal dose for ALF induction in rats is 350 mg.kg-1 i.p., given as a single injection. Wistar rats proved more susceptible to the development of TAA-induced ALF compared with Lewis rats. Collectively, our present findings provide a sound methodological background for experimental studies aimed at evaluation of pathophysiology and development of new approaches in the therapy of ALF., E. Koblihová, I. Mrázová, Z. Vernerová, M. Ryska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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