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Start Over Subject Patologie. Klinická medicína

1. "--a jistě tak tvrdých a trucovitých hlav jsem jakživ neviděl--" aneb krátký pohled do života obyvatel městečka Kasejovice v době morové /

Creator:
Martínková, Petra,
Type:
studie
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, panství, městečka, obce, mor, epidemie, české země 1620-1740, choroby, epidemie, and města, obce
Language:
Czech
Description:
"...bestimmt habe ich zeitlebens nie so viele Hart- und Trotzköpfe gesehen..." oder ein kurzer Einblick ins Leben der Bewohner von Kasejovice (Kassejowitz) im Jahr 1680 während der Pestepidemie in Böhmen.
Rights:
unknown

9. Adiponectin and resistin gene polymorphisms in patients with anorexia nervosa and obesity and its influence on metabolic phenotype

Creator:
Jarmila Křížová, Markéta Dolinková, Zdeňka Lacinová, Štěpán Sulek, Radka Doležalová, Jitka Housová, Jana Krajíčková, Denisa Haluzíková, Lenka Bošanská, Hana Papežová, and Martin Haluzík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie člověka, polymorfismus, obezita, mentální anorexie, human physiology, polymorphism, obesity, anorexia nervosa, adiponectin, resistin, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Genes for adiponectin and resistin are candidate genes of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 45T>G and 276G>T of the adiponectin gene and 62G>A and -180C>G of the resistin gene in patients with obesity (OB), anorexia nervosa (AN) and in control healthy normal-weight women (NW) and to study the influence of particular genotypes on serum concentrations of these hormones and on insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), insulin, cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels were measured in 77 patients with OB, 28 with AN and 38 NW. DNA analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with restriction analysis of PCR product. The presence of SNP ADP+276 G>T allele was accompanied by higher cholesterol levels in AN patients, higher adiponectin concentrations in OB patients and lower HbA1c levels in NW. SNP of the resistin gene 62G>A was associated with lower HbA1c in NW and higher cholesterol concentrations in OB group. The carriers of the minor G allele in the position -180 of the resistin gene within AN group had significantly higher BMI relative to non-carriers. We conclude that polymorphisms in adiponectin and resistin genes can contribute to metabolic phenotype of patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa., J. Křížová, M. Dolinková, Z. Lacinová, Š. Sulek, R. Doležalová, J. Housová, J. Krajíčková, D. Haluzíková, L. Bošanská, H. Papežová, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Algesthesia after epileptic seizure

Creator:
Jan Mareš and Richard Rokyta
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, patologie, epileptické záchvaty, analgezie, krysa obecná, pathology, epileptic seizures, analgesia, Rattus rattus, nociception, flurothyl, postictal analgesia, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The consequences of epileptic seizures related to postictal inhibition in early postictal period include postictal analgesia. We studied this phenomenon over 96 h following flurothyl-induced seizures in adult male Wistar rats. Nociception of control (no seizure) and seizured groups were tested using the plantar and von Frey hair tests. We determined latency of forepaw and hind paw reactions using plantar tests and the number of von Frey hairs reactions. Shortly after seizures, longer plantar test latencies were seen relative to the control group. Before the seizures the plantar test reaction times were significantly shorter in forepaws than in hind paws. The effect disappeared post-seizure and surprisingly, it also disappeared at the corresponding time in controls; it reappeared after 48 h in the seizure group and after 24 h in controls. Differences in the von Frey hairs test occurred at 5 and 60 min post-seizure, however, these differences could not be explained by limb anatomy; although, different thermal and mechanical nociception mechanisms could be significant. The unexpected reactions in controls could be related to brief social and physical interactions between the two groups. and J. Mareš, R. Rokyta.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

11. An experimental, non-uremic rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis

Creator:
Zunic-Bozinovski, S., Lausevic, Z., Krstic, S., Jovanovic, N., Trbojevic-Stankovic, J., and Stojimirovic, B.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, experimentální medicína, peritoneální dialýza, králík, experimental medicine, peritoneal dialysis, Oryctolagus, experimental model, non-uremic rabbit, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well established method of depuration in uremic patients. Standard dialysis solutions currently in use are not biocompatible with the peritoneal membrane. Studying effects of dialysate on peritoneal membrane in humans is still a challenge. There is no consensus on the ideal experimental model so far. We, therefore, wanted to develop a new experimental non-uremic rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis, which would be practical, easy to conduct, not too costly, and convenient to investigate the long-term effect of dialysis fluids. The study was done on 17 healthy Chinchilla male and female rabbits, anesthetized with Thiopental in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body mass. A catheter, specially made from Tro-soluset (Troge Medical GMBH, Hamburg, Germany) infusion system, was then surgically inserted and tunneled from animals' abdomen to their neck. The planned experimental procedure was 4 weeks of peritoneal dialysate instillation. The presented non-uremic rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis is relatively inexpensive, does not require sophisticated technology and was well tolerated by the animals. Complications such as peritonitis, dialysis fluid leakage, constipation and catheter obstruction were negligible. This model is reproducible and can be used to analyze the effects of different dialysis solutions on the rabbit peritoneal membrane., S. Zunic-Bozinovski, Z. Lausevic, S. Krstic, N. Jovanovic, J. Trbojevic-Stankovic, B. Stojimirovic., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

12. Apolipoprotein A5 in health and disease

Creator:
Jaroslav Hubáček, Věra Adámková, Michal Vrablík, Michaela Kadlecová, Josef Zicha, Jaroslav Kuneš, Jan Piťha, Pavel Suchánek, and Rudolf Poledne
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, klinické lékařství, triacylglyceroly, polymorfismus, infarkt myokardu, clinical medicine, triacylglycerols, polymorphism, myocardial infarction, apolipoprotein A5, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
High plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) are an independent risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, with about 50 % of the final levels being determined genetically. Apolipoprotein A5 ( APOA5 ) is the last discovered member of the apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, found by comparative sequencing analysis. The importance of APOA5 gene for determination of plasma triglyceride levels has been suggested after development of transgenic and knock-out mice (transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced TG, whereas knock-out mice had high TG). In Czech population, alleles C-1131 and Trp19 are associated with elevated levels of plasma TG and higher risk of myocardial infarction development. These alleles also play some role in nutrigenetics and actigenetics of lifestyle interventions leading to the plasma cholesterol changes as well as in the pharmacogenetics of statin treatment. On the contrary, APOA5 mutations detected in Czech population did not show strict effect on plasma TG levels. Val153 → Met variant exhibit the sex-specific effect of HDL-cholesterol levels. The suggested roles of APOA5 variants in determination of the plasma remnant particles, plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein or some anthropometrical parameters were excluded., J. A. Hubáček ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

13. Association of gestational diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size

Creator:
Qiu, Chunfang, Rudra, C., Austin, M. A., and Williams, M. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, lipoproteiny, physiology, lipoproteins, gestational diabetes mellitus, LDL particle size, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
A predominance of small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is characteristic of the dyslipidemic state seen in type 2 diabetes. However, no study has investigated the association in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is pathophysiologically similar to type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that LDL particle size is reduced in GDM cases compared with controls. Gradient gel electrophoresis was used to characterize LDL subclass phenotypes in non-fasting intrapartum plasma from 105 GDM cases and 96 controls. All participants were free of pre-existing diabetes or hypertension. The authors used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for confounders. Women with this phenotype had a significant 4.9-fold (95 % CI: 1.1-23.2) increased risk of GDM compared with those with the large, buoyant phenotype. The magnitude of this association was attenuated when plasma triglyceride and other confounders were included in the model (OR=4.2, 95 % CI: 0.5-39.5). Mean LDL particle size in GDM cases was smaller compared with controls (270.1 vs. 272.7Å, p=0.003). The OR of GDM risk was 1.8 (95 % CI: 0.9-3.3) for every 10-Å reduction in LDL particle size. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate the association between smaller LDL particle size in early pregnancy with subsequent GDM risk., C. Qiu, C. Rudra, M. A. Austin, M. A. Williams., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. Blood pressure and heart rate variability response to noninvasive ventilation in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Creator:
Peter Skyba, Pavol Joppa, Martin Orolín, and Ružena Tkáčová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, nemoci plic, pulz (lékařství), autonomní nervový systém, physiology, pulmonary diseases, pulse, autonomic nervous system, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal are commonly observed during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have demonstrated previously that noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) improves parasympathetic neural control of heart rate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesized that NPPV may exert such beneficial effects in COPD as well. Therefore, we assessed the acute effects of NPPV on systemic blood pressure and indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) in 23 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. The measurements of HRV in the frequency domain were computed by an autoregressive spectral technique. The use of NPPV resulted in significant increases of oxygen saturation (from 89.2±1.0 to 92.4±0.9 %, p<0.001) in association with reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate (from 147±3 to 138±3 mm Hg, from 86±2 to 81±2 mm Hg, from 85±3 to 75±2 bpm, p<0.001 for all variables), and increases in ln-transformed high frequency band of HRV (from 6.4±0.5 to 7.4±0.6 ms2/Hz, p<0.01). Reductions in heart rate and increases in ln-transformed HF band persisted after NP PV withdrawal. In conclusion, these findings suggest that NPPV may cause improvements in the neural control of heart rate in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD., P. Skyba, P. Joppa, M. Orolín, R. Tkáčová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

16. Blood vessel replacement: 50 years of development and tissue engineering paradigms in vascular surgery

Creator:
Jaroslav Chlupáč, Elena Filová, and Lucie Bačáková
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, biologické materiály, tkáňové inženýrství, kmenové buňky, bioreaktory, physiology, biological materials, tissue engineering, stem cells, bioreactors, small-caliber vascular grafts, synthetic polymers, shear stress, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The gold standard material in bypass surgery of blood vessels remains the patient’s own artery or vein. However, this material may be unavailable, or may suffer vein graft disease. Currently available vascular prostheses, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) and expanded poly tetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), perform well as large-caliber replacements, but their long-term patency is discouraging in small-caliber applications (<6 mm), such as in coronary, crural or microvessel surgery. This failure is mainly a result of an unfavorable healing process with surface thrombogenicity, due to lack of endothelial cells and anastomotic intimal hyperplasia caused by hemodynamic disturbances. An ideal small-diameter vascular graft has become a major focus of research. Novel biomaterials have been manufactured, and tissue-biomaterial interactions have been optimized. Tissue engineering technology has proven that the concept of partially or totally living blood vessels is feasible. The purpose of this review is to outline the vascular graft materials that are currently being implanted, taking into account cell-biomaterial physiology, tissue engineering approaches and the collective achievements of the authors., J. Chlupáč, E. Filová, L. Bačáková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

24. Choroby lidu a jak o nich soudí lékaři

Creator:
Panýrek, Duchoslav
Publisher:
Nákladem Českého čtenáře
Format:
print, text, regular print, and 72 s. ; 17 cm
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, nemoci, 616.1/.9, (042.3), 14, and 616
Language:
Czech
Description:
přednesl na vysokoškolské extensi v Lomu r. 1912 D. Panýrek and Rok vyd. a údaje o edici převzaty z SKC ČR
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Chřipka - infekční evergreen

Creator:
Jan Konvalinka and Ladislav Machala
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, chřipka, infekce, chřipkové viry, 14, and 616
Language:
Czech
Description:
Influenza is a highly contagious viral di - sease of the respiratory tract. Influenza viruses infect humans as well as animals, especially birds and pigs. Over the last ten years, molecular biology methods have enabled us to explain the extraordinary mortality of the „Spanish flu“ epidemic of 1918 and other major pandemics of the 20th century. Although the so-called „pig flu“ epidemic of 2009 caused by the H1N1 virus had less grave consequences than expected, the danger of another flu pande - mic remains very serious. and Jan Konvalinka, Ladislav Machala.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31. Determination of caveolin-1 in renal caveolar and non-caveolar fractions in experimental type 1 diabetes

Creator:
Hana Demová and Radko Komers
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, diabetologie, diabetes mellitus, nemoci ledvin, inzulin, diabetology, kidney diseases, insulin, caveolin-1, type 1 diabetes mellitus, sucrose fractination, losartan, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
1a_Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is the main structural component of caveolae, acting as a modulator of signal transduction. CAV-1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of microvascular complications in Type 1 diabetes (DM). We sought to determine whether fractionation on sucrose gradient (SF), a method routinely utilized for isolation of caveolar fractions in homogenous cell lines, is applicable for CAV-1-related studies in tissues with multiple cell types, such as the normal rat kidney cortex (C). Using this method, we also determined whether streptozotocin- induced DM in rats (4-week duration) leads to changes in renal subcellular targeting of CAV-1, and evaluated the effects of tight metabolic control (insulin, 12 IU /day) and angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan (4 weeks, 20 mg/kg/day). Immunoblotting of individual fractions obtained from C revealed CAV-1 expression in fractions 4-6 that corresponded to light scattering band that typically forms after separating cellular fractions on SF. These fractions were considered to be caveolar fractions. In C, CAV-1 was also detectable in fracti ons 8-10. These and all other fractions except caveolar fractions were considered to be non-caveolar fractions. A ratio of caveolar/non-caveolar expression of CAV-1 (CNCR) was computed for each renal cortex allowing comparisons of CAV-1 subcellular distribution in C and DM rats, and effects of treatments., 2a_Using this approach, DM was characterized by marked increases in CNCR as compared to C (5.54±1.56 vs. 2.65±1.33, p<0. 05) that were reduced by treatment with insulin (0.78±0. 24, p<0.01 vs. DM) or losartan (0.84±0.06, p<0.01 vs. DM). In summary, analysis of CAV-1 following the SF of renal cortex detected similar distribution of the protein as in homogenous cell lines, DM-induced changes in CAV-1 targeting, and the effects of pharmacological treatments. This suggests applicability of SF in studies focusing on CAV-1 targeting in organs with various cell lines in vivo., H. Demová, R. Komers., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

33. Dynamics of tissue ubiquitin pools and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway component activities during the systemic response to traumatic shock

Creator:
Patel, M. P., Earle, S. A., and Majetschak, Matthias
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, biochemie, traumatologie, šok (lékařství), biochemistry, traumatology, shock (medicine), proteasome endopeptidase complex, ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, ATP-dependent 26S protease, epoxomicin, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Based on the biological significance of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and its potential role during sepsis, burns and ischemia-reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that the systemic response to traumatic shock (TS) is accompanied by tissue-specific UPP alterations. Therefore, we studied tissue ubiquitin pools, chymotryptic- and tryptic-like proteasome peptidase activities and ubiquitin-protein ligation (UbPL) rates in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney using a clinically relevant porcine model (bilateral femur fracture/hemorrhage followed by fluid resuscitation). TS induced a systemic reduction of tissue- specific high molecular mass ubiquitin-protein conjugates (>50 kDa). Free ubiquitin was unaffected. The dynamic organ patterns of ubiquitin pools paralleled the typical physiological response to TS and resuscitation. Reduction of ubiquitin-protein conjugates was most pronounced in heart and lung (p<0.05 vs. control) and accompanied by significant increases in proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities in these organs. Unlike all other tissues, spleen proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities were significantly reduced 10 h after TS. These findings support the concept that the UPP could play an important role in regulation of cell functions during the early whole-body response to TS. The UPP might be a therapeutic target to improve the metabolic care after TS, particularly in the heart, lung, and spleen., M. B. Patel, S. A. Earle, M. Majetschak., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

34. Early rehabilitation model shows positive effects on neural degeneration and recovery from neuromotor deficits following traumatic brain injury

Creator:
Marcela Lippert-Grüner, Maegele, M., Jaroslav Pokorný, Angelov, D. N., Olga Švestková, Michal Wittner, and Stanislav Trojan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, neurorehabilitace, poranění mozku, léčebná rehabilitace, neurorehabilitation, brain injuries, therapeutic rehabilitation, motor dysfunction, neural loss, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
This study used an experimental early rehabilitation model combining an enriched environment, multisensory (visual, acoustic and olfactory) stimulation and motor training after traumatic brain injury (via fluid-percussion model) to simulate early multisensory rehabilitation. This therapy will be used by brain injured patients to improve neural plasticity and to restore brain integration functions. Motor dysfunction was evaluated using a composite neuroscore test. Direct structural effects of traumatic brain injury were examined using Fluoro-Jade staining, which allows identification of degenerating neural cell bodies and processes. Animals in the rehabilitation model group performed significantly better when tested for neuromotor function than the animals in standard housing in the 7-day and 15-day interval after injury (7d: p=0.005; 15d: p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower numbers of Fluoro-Jade positive cells (degenerating neurons) in the rehabilitation model group (n=5: mean 13.4) compared to the standard housing group (n=6: mean 123.8) (p<0.005). It appears that the housing of animals in the rehabilitation model led to a clear functional increase in neuromotor functions and to reduced neural loss compared with the animal group in standard housing., M. Lippert-Grüner. M. Maegele, J. Pokorný, D. N. Angelov, O. Švestková, M. Wittner, S. Trojan., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

35. Eat less and exercise more - is it really enough to knock down the obesity pandemia?

Creator:
Jaroslav Hubáček
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, obezita, spánek, physiology, obesity, sleep, NEAT, neobvyklé faktory, psychosociální faktory, NEAT (nonexercise activity thermogenesis), uncommon factors, psychosocial factors, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Reduced physical activity and abundant energy intake are two most common factors leading to uncontrolled body weight gain. But these factors are not under entire internal consciousness control; they are also partially genetically determined and are affected by for example food marketing practices. In addition to these two widely accepted factors, there are some other factors, whose could also contribute to the recent increase of obesity prevalence. For example, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, sleeping habits, more stable inside room temperatures (using of heating and air conditioning), high prescription of medications with weight gain as side effect, psychosocial factors, unfavourable socioeconomic status and unpleasant urban environment are the background factors which should not be omitted if obesity/BMI determination should be fully understood and kept under control. In conclusion, unhealthy life style is necessary, but not sufficient for obesity development., J. A. Hubáček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

37. Eduard Albert :

Creator:
Kokešová, Helena,
Type:
text and biografie
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Biografie, Albert, Eduard,, lékaři, básníci, intelektuálové, mecenáši, politici, české země 1848-1918, dějiny vědy, umění, kultury a techniky, kulturní vztahy, and politické dějiny, politici
Language:
German
Description:
Das Buch entstand mit Unterstützung: des Masaryk-Instituts und Archivs der Tschechischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Orthopedädie und orthopädische Chirurgie
Rights:
unknown

38. Effect of an increase in coronary perfusion on transmural ventricular repolarization

Creator:
Zhang, Z.-Z., Bin He, and Wang, Lexin
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, kardiologie, srdeční arytmie, oxid dusnatý, cardiology, cardiac arrhythmia, nitric oxide, repolarization, activation-recovery interval, coronary flow, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of increased coronary flow on transmural ventricular repolarization was investigated in six pentobabital-anesthetized sheep. Fresh blood at 10 ml/min was injected into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in addition to the normal coronary flow. Unipolar electrocardiograms were simultaneously registered from epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium with fine plunge needles. Activation-recovery interval (ARI) was measured from the unipolar electrocardiograms and was used for estimating the ventricular repolarization duration. It was found that intracoronary blood injection (n=3) prolonged ARI in the epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium by an average of 34 ± 16, 28 ± 18 and 25 ± 13 ms, respectively (p<0.01). Pretreatment with nitro-L-arginine (n=3), a nitric synthase inhibitor, diminished the flow-induced ARI prolongation across the ventricular wall. In conclusion, an increase in coronary flow lengthens the duration of transmural ventricular repolarization. These effects appear to be mediated by nitric oxide from the coronary endothelium., Y.-Z. Zhang, B. He, L.-X. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

39. Effect of combined therapy with hyperbaric oxygen and antioxidant on infarct volume after permanent focal cerebral ischemia

Creator:
Acka, G., Sen, A., Canakci, Z., Yildiz, Senol, Akin, A., Uzun, G., Cermik, H., Yildirim, I., and Kokpinar, S.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, neurochirurgie, mozková ischemie, hyperbarická oxygenoterapie, neurosurgery, brain ischemia, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, U-74389G, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of combination of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and an antioxidant on permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (n=9) received no treatment, HBO group (n=9) was treated for 90 min at 2.5 absolute atmosphere for 3 days, the U-74389G group (n=8) received single U-74389G injection (3 mg/kg), the HBO + U-74389G group (n=8 ) received both HBO and U-74389G treatments. Treatments were initiated within the first 10 min after MCAO. After 3 days, the infarct volumes in rat brains were measured. The infarct ratios were 25.6±6.5 % for the control group, 21.9±6.4 % for the HBO group, 15.7±5.7 % for U-74389G group and 12.5±3.8 % for HBO + U74389G group. The infarct volumes were significantly reduced in rats treated with U-74389G (p< 0.05) and combination therapy (p <0.05). HBO failed to reduce infarct volume significantly. We concluded that 1) U-74389G is more beneficial than HBO on permanent MCAO in rats, and 2) a combined therapy failed to significantly improve infarct volume more than either single treatment., G. Acka, A. Sen, Z. Canakci, S. Yildiz, A. Akin, G. Uzun, H. Cermik, I. Yildirim, S. Kokpinar., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

40. Effect of white wine consumption on oxidative stress markers and homocysteine levels

Creator:
Daniel Rajdl, Jaroslav Racek, Ladislav Trefil, and Konrad Siala
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, klinické lékařství, víno, oxidační stres, homocystein, clinical medicine, wine, oxidative stress, homocysteine, bílé víno, white wine, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of regular daily consumption of white wine on oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk markers. Forty-two healthy male volunteers consumed 375 ml of white wine daily. Each participant provided three venous blood samples (before wine consumption, following the wine consumption period and again a month later). Levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A I, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, paraoxonase 1, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured. Immediately following the month of white wine consumption there was a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001), paraoxonase 1 (p<0.001), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and reduced glutathione (p<0.01) levels, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activities (p<0.0001), and a decrease in oxidation protein products (p<0.001) and TBARS (p<0.05) concentrations. However, there was also a clear increase in homocysteine (p<0.0001) after a month of white wine consumption. The results of our non-placebo controlled trial suggest that regular daily white wine consumption is associated not only with both antioxidative and antiatherogenic effects but also with a potentially proatherogenic increase of homocysteine concentrations. and D. Rajdl, J. Racek, L. Trefil, K. Siala.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

41. Endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistant rats is associated with oxidative stress and COX pathway dysregulation

Creator:
Oudot, A., Behr-Roussel, D., Compagnie, S., Caisey, S., Le Coz, O., Gorny, D., Alexandre, L., and François Giuliano
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, funkční poruchy (lékařství), endoteliální dysfunkce, inzulinová rezistence, oxidační stres, cyklooxygenáza 2, dysfunctions, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase 2, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Because insulin resistance is inevitably associated with cardiovascular complications, there is a need to further investigate the potential involvement of oxidative stress and the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) pathway in the vascular modifications associated to this pathological context. Endothelial function was evaluated in control and fructose-fed rats (FFR) by i) in vitro study of endothelium-dependent an d-independent relaxations of aortic rings, and ii) in vivo telemetric evaluation of pressor response to norepinephrine. After 9 weeks of diet, FFR displayed hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulin emia and exaggerated response to glucose overload. Aortic rings from control rats and FFR exhibited comparable endothelium-dependent relaxations to Ach. In the presence of indomethacin , relaxations were significantly reduced. FFR showed exaggerated pressor responses to norepinephrine that were abolis hed with indomethacin. Urinary nitrites/nitrates, 8-isoprostanes and thromboxane B2 excretion levels were markedly enhanced in FFR, whereas the plasma levels of 6-keto prostaglandin F1α were unchanged. In conclusion, fructose overload in rats induced hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance associated with an enhanced oxidative stress. This was associated with COX pathway dysregulation which could be one of the contributors to subsequent vascular dysfunction. Consequently, reduction of oxidative stress and regulation of the COX pathway could represent new potential therapeutic strategies to limit vascular dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular complications associated with insulin resistance., A. Outdot ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

50. Ethanol consumption affects lipoprotein lipase gene expression in C57BL/6 mice

Creator:
Mudráková, E. and Jan Kovář
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, experimentální medicína, lipoproteiny, ethanol, genová exprese, myši, experimental medicine, lipoproteins, gene expression, mice, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoproteinová lipáza, lipoprotein lipase, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is increased after alcohol consumption and can contribute to an increased level of HDL-cholesterol, which is considered to play a key role in the ethanol-mediated protective effect against cardiovascular disease. The increase in HDL-cholesterol concentration can be also due to an ethanol-enhanced synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) from hepatocytes. Therefore, the hypothesis that ethanol consumption affects the LPL and apo A-I gene (LPL and APOA1, respectively) expression was tested in male C57BL/6 mice drinking 5 % ethanol or water and fed a standard chow or high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks. The LPL expression was determined in the heart, epididymal and dorsolumbal adipose tissues, the APOA1 expression in the liver. Alcohol consumption did not affect lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the serum. The LPL expression was increased in the heart of mice given ethanol and HF diet compared to mice on chow and ethanol (p<0.001) and was also increased in epididymal fat in mice given ethanol and HF diet compared to mice on water and HF diet (p<0.05). Neither LPL expression in dorsolumbal fat nor APOA1 expression in the liver were affected by ethanol consumption. Our data suggest that ethanol consumption upregulate LPL expression in a tissue- and diet-dependent manner., E. Mudráková, J. Kovář., and Obsahuje bibiografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

52. Fetal cardiology in the Czech Republic: current management of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart deseases and arrhythmias

Creator:
Viktor Tomek, Jan Marek, Hana Jičínská, and Jan Škovránek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, kardiologie, prenatální echokardiografie, vrozené srdeční vady, srdeční arytmie, srdeční selhání, cardiology, fetal echocardiography, congenital heart diseases, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, Česko, Czechia, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Reliable diagnosis of congenital heart defects and arrhythmias in utero has been possible since the introduction of fetal echocardiography. The nation-wide prenatal ultrasound screening program in the Czech Republic enabled detection of cardiac abnormities in 1/3 of patients born with any congenital heart disease and up to 83 % of those with critical forms. Prenatal frequency of individual heart anomalies significantly differed from the postnatal frequency. Fetal isolated complete atrioventricular block and supraventricular tachycardia may lead to heart failure and are important causes of fetal mortality. The regression of heart failure was achieved by a conversion to the sinus rhythm in the supraventricular tachycardia and by increase of ventricular rate in the complete atrioventricular block., V. Tomek ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

54. František Cyrill Kampelík: obraz životopisný

Creator:
František Komárek
Publisher:
tiskem a nákladem knihtiskárny Bratří Peřinů
Format:
print, text, regular print, and 63 s. ; 19 cm
Type:
text, volume, biography, biografie, model:monograph, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Biografie, Kampelík, František Cyril, 1805-1872, 19. století, lékaři, Česko, 929, 616-051, (437.3), (092), 929 Kampelík, František Cyril, 14, 8, and 616
Language:
Czech
Description:
napsal František Komárek
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

56. Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans

Creator:
Daniela Kantárová and Milan Buc
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, imunologie, inzulin, diabetes mellitus, immunology, insulin, CD25, CTLA4, HLA (human leukocyte antigens), IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), type 1 diabetes mellitus, PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22), 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1A) is an autoimmune disease belonging to the most frequent chronic diseases of the childhood and young adults. DM 1A results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is a genetically determined disease and many genes or genetic regions were found to be associated with its induction. In addition to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 1 (IDDM1) gene, which marks the HLA region, and IDDM2 which marks the insulin gene, significant associations of DM 1A to other IDMM genes or genetic regions we reported. We shortly review recent achievements in the field, and the state of current knowledge., D. Kantárová, M. Buc., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

59. Handbuch der allgemeinen pathologischen Anatomie

Creator:
Karel Rokitanský
Publisher:
Bei Braumüller & Seidel
Format:
print and 544 + s. ; 8° (22 cm)
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Tisky (19. století), patologická anatomie, patologie, tisky 19. stol., 616-091, 616, (035), (0.068)094, 14, 12, and 094.5
Language:
German
Description:
von Carl Rokitansky and Dedikace Františku Antonínu hraběti Kolovrat-Libštejnskému
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

60. Handbuch der speciellen pathologischen Anatomie

Creator:
Karel Rokitanský
Publisher:
Bei Braumüller & Seidel
Format:
print and xiv, 628 s. ; 8° (21 cm)
Type:
text, volume, handbook, příručky, model:monograph, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Tisky (19. století), speciální patologie, patologická anatomie, tisky 19. stol., 616.1/.9, 616-091, (035), (0.068)094, 14, 12, 616, and 094.5
Language:
German
Description:
II. Band, Enthaltend: Die Abnormitäten des Respirations-, des Digestions-, des Harn- und Geschlechts-Apparates, and von Carl Rokitansky
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

61. Handbuch der speciellen pathologischen Anatomie

Creator:
Karel Rokitanský
Publisher:
Bei Braumüller & Seidel
Format:
print and xiv, 882 s. ; 8° (21 cm)
Type:
text, volume, handbook, příručky, model:monograph, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Tisky (19. století), speciální patologie, patologická anatomie, tisky 19. stol., 616.1/.9, 616-091, (035), (0.068)094, 14, 12, 616, and 094.5
Language:
German
Description:
I. Band, Enthaltend: Die Abnormitäten des Zellgewebes, der serösen und Schleim-Häute im Allgemeinen, der äussern Haut, des fibrösen, des Knochen-, Muskel-, Gefäss- und Nerven-Systemes, and von Carl Rokitansky
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

68. Impaired microvascular reactivity and endothelial function in patients with Cushing´s syndrome: influence of arterial hypertension

Creator:
Martin Prázný, Jana Ježková, Horová, E., Lazárová, V., Václav Hána, Jan Kvasnička, Ladislav Pecen, Jan Marek, Jan Škrha, and Michal Kršek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, Cushingův syndrom, oxidační stres, dopplerovská ultrasonografie, physiology, Cushing's syndrome, oxidative stress, Doppler ultrasonography, vascular reactivity, endothelial function, laser Doppler flowmetry, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the study was to evaluate skin microvascular reactivity (MVR) and possible influencing factors (fibrinolysis, oxidative stress, and endothelial function) in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Twenty-nine patients with active Cushing’s syndrome (ten of them also examined after a successful operation) and 16 control subjects were studied. Skin MVR was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during post-occlusive (PORH) and thermal hyperemia (TH). Malondialdehyde and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase were used as markers of oxidative stress. Fibrinolysis was estimated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1). N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, E-selectin, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 were used as markers of endothelial function. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction was present in patients with hypercortisolism, however, increased concentration of ICAM-1 was also found in patients after the operation as compared to controls (290.8±74.2 vs. 210.9±56.3 ng.ml-1, p<0.05). Maximal perfusion was significantly lower in patients with arterial hypertension during PORH and TH (36.3±13.0 vs. 63.3±32.4 PU, p<0.01, and 90.4±36.6 vs. 159.2±95.3 PU, p<0.05, respectively ) and similarly the velocity of perfusion increase during PORH and TH was lower (3.2±1.5 vs. 5.2±3.4 PU.s-1, p<0.05, and 0.95±0.6 vs. 1.8±1.1 PU.s-1, p<0.05, respectively). The most pronounced impairment of microvascular reactivity was present in patients with combination of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus., M. Prázný, J. Ježková, E. Horová, V. Lazárová, V. Hána, J. Kvasnička, L. Pecen, J. Marek, J. Škrha, M. Kršek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

69. Influence of load changes on tricuspid inflow

Creator:
Eva Mandysová and Petr Niederle
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, dopplerovská echokardiografie, fyziologické aspekty, zátěžová funkční diagnostika (lékařství), Doppler echocardiography, physiological aspects, stress functional diagnostics (medicine), tricuspid valve flow, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
In healthy subjects, the right ventricular filling pattern estimated from tricuspid valve inflow is highly load-dependent. This can be clearly demonstrated by changes of Doppler inflow tracings recorded during tidal breathing at rest. The aim of our study was to test the magnitude of tricuspid inflow changes during more pronounced load changes induced by specific maneuvers. In 31 apparently healthy subjects (16 men and 15 women, mean age 36±16 years) we recorded pulsed Doppler tracings of tricuspid inflow during forced inspiration, elevation of lower extremities (increased preload) and handgrip exercise (increased afterload). The obtained values were compared with end-expiratory phase of tidal breathing at rest. We found a significantly larger increase in the early and late filling velocities (for E and A p<0.001) under the conditions of increasing preload (elevation of legs) and less pronounced, but still significant changes with isometric exercise (for E p<0.001 and for A p<0.01). We conclude that the right ventricular filling pattern in healthy humans is highly load-sensitive and for this reason the effect of any intervention (e.g. pharmacological) must be studied under strict and well-defined resting conditions., E. Mandysová, P. Niederle., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

70. Influence of melatonin pretreatment and preconditioning by hypobaric hypoxia on the development of cortical photothrombotic ischemic lesion

Creator:
Iveta Matějovská, Klára Bernášková, David Krýsl, and Jan Mareš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, melatonin, hypoxie, ischemie, volné radikály, živočichové, physiology, hypoxia, ischemia, free radicals, animals, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Photothrombotic model of ischemia (PT) is based on free radical-mediated endothelial dysfunction followed by thrombosis. Free radicals are also involved in hypoxic preconditioning. We tested the sensitivity of PT to preconditioning with hypobaric hypoxia and to pretreatment with melatonin. In adult Wistar rats, after intravenous application of Rose Bengal, a stereo-tactically defined spot on the denuded skull was irradiated by a laser for 9 min. The first experimental group underwent hypobaric hypoxia three days before irradiation. In the second experimental group, melatonin was applied intraperitoneally one hour before irradiation. Three days after irradiation, animals were sacrificed, the brains perfused, and stained with TTC. Ischemic lesions were divided into grades (I, II, III). In the control group (where no manipulation preceded photothrombosis), most animals displayed deep damage involving the striatum (grade III). The group pre-exposed to hypoxia showed similar results. Only 28.57 % of the melatonin pretreated animals exhibited grade III lesions, and in 57.14 % no signs of lesions were detected. Pre-exposure to hypoxia was not protective in our model. Pretreatment with melatonin lead to a significant reduction of the number of large ischemic lesions. This result is probably caused by protection of endothelial cells by melatonin., I. Matějovská, K. Bernášková, D. Krýsl, J. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

71. Integrative hypothesis for Huntington´s disease: a brief review of experimental evidence

Creator:
Pérez-de la Cruze, V. and Santamaría, A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, biochemie, Huntingtonova nemoc, energetický metabolismus, oxidační stres, záněty, biochemistry, Huntington’s disease, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammations, excitotoxicita, huntingtin aggregation, excitotoxicity, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a demential, neurodegenerative inheritable disease affecting middle-aged patients. HD is characterized by uncontrolled choreiform movements, psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. Histopathological changes in HD brains reveal a considerable damage to basal ganglia, particularly affecting middle-sized spiny neurons from the caudate-putamen region. Neurochemical changes are specifically oriented to deplete GABAergic and cholinergic systems, while molecular alterations include an increased expression of CAG trinucleotide at exon 1 from the huntingtin (htt) gene, as well as aggregation of mutant htt. Although several hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which neurotoxicity is triggered in HD brains have been suggested on the basis of experimental evidence, so far it remains not clear which of them are predominant or whether they are complementary. Recent experimental evidence through transgenic mice models reveal an interesting inter action between expanded CAG triplets, mutant htt, and the increase in toxic metabolites from the kynurenine pathway. Further evidence supports the assumption that different toxic mechanisms (i.e. excitotoxicity, energy metabolism impairment, inflammatory events, oxidative stress, etc.) are confluent and depend on each other. In this review we will briefly summarize some of those findings and propose a final integrative hypothesis for HD., V. Pérez-de la Cruz, A. Santamaría., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

72. Intrarenal gene expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in chronic proteinuric glomerulopathies

Creator:
Irena Brabcová, Kotsch, K., Petra Hřibová, Loužecká, A., Kateřina Bartošová, Hyklová, K., Lácha, J., Volk, H.-D., and Ondřej Viklický
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, nefrologie, glomerulonefritida, proteinurie, genová exprese, nephrology, glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, gene expression, chemokiny, chemokines, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Proteinuria has been recently shown to be an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic nephropathies, but the actual mechanisms by which urinary protein load damages renal tissue in humans remain unsolved. Using real-time RT-PCR method we evaluated intrarenal mRNA expression of various cytokines and chemokines in patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgAN, n=11), membranous nephropathy (MN, n=6) and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n=6) who exhibited proteinuria over 0.5 g/day. There was a significant positive correlation between the proteinuria extent and the intrarenal RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) mRNA expression in patients with IgAN, a similar trend was also observed in patients with MN and FSGS. There were no clear relationships between the proteinuria and intrarenal mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β1 and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1. There were no differences in the pattern of cytokine mRNA expression between different glomerulopathies. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that lymphocytes, macrophages and their products provoke tissue in jury in response to proteinuria independently of the nature of renal diseases in man., I. Brabcová, K. Kotsch, P. Hřibová, A. Loužecká, K. Bartošová, K. Hyklová, J. Lácha, H.-D. Volk, O. Viklický., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

81. Koňáci mezi akademiky aneb o proměnách koncepce pokroku v raně novověké medicíně /

Creator:
Černý, Karel,
Type:
text and studie
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, dějiny lékařství, epidemiologie, epidemie, novověk raný, lékaři, myšlení lékařské, světové dějiny 1492-1648, světové dějiny 1648-1789, and choroby, epidemie
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pferdeknechte unter Akademikern oder über die Auffassung des Fortschrittes in der frühneuzeitlichen Medizin.
Rights:
unknown

82. Konec "nenahraditelného muže". Likvidace R. Heydricha v lékařském kontextu. II. část /

Creator:
Šimůnek, Michal,
Type:
studie
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Heydrich, Reinhard,, atentáty, politici němečtí, lékařství, patologie, Československo 1938-1945, dějiny zdravotnictví, lékaři, and odboj, odpor, antifašismus, antikomunismus
Language:
Czech
Description:
The end of the ´irreplaceable man´. The liquidation of Reinhard Heydrich in a medical context. Part II.
Rights:
unknown

87. Leptin and soluble leptin receptor changes after pulmonary endarterectomy: relations to cortisol and cytokine network

Creator:
Pavel Maruna, Jaroslav Lindner, and Kubzová, K. M.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, biochemie, leptin, biochemistry, plicní endarterektomie, pulmonary endarterectomy, soluble leptin receptor, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake. During inflammatory status, leptin may contribute to the anorexia and cachexia of infection. Pulmonary endarterectomy was used as a model of non-infectious cytokine network hyperstimulation. Leptin and soluble leptin receptor (SLR) were compared with evolution of cortisol and inflammatory cytokines in twenty-two patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension treated with pulmonary endarterectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Leptin, SLR, cortisol, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα concentrations in arterial blood were measured before/after sternotomy, last DHCA, separation from bypass, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h after sternotomy. Mean duration of CPB was 338.2 min.; mean circulatory arrest time 39.9 min. The initial decline of leptin, SLR, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8 was followed by an increase culminating 6-24 h after sternotomy. Leptin peak levels were detected 24 h after sternotomy (28.0 ng/ml, 21.9-37.6). IL-6 culminated after separation from CPB, IL-8 was highest 12 h after sternotomy. Leptin concentrations correlated with IL-6 (r=0.82), and TNFα (r=0.73). Large cardiovascular surgery caused a significant increase in serum leptin, indicating its acute regulation by stress factors. This effect may be secondary to the inflammatory response mediated via cytokine stimulation. Correlation between leptin and IL-6 indicates the role of IL-6 in leptin induction., P. Maruna, J. Lindner, K. M. Kubzová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

90. Mechanisms of chronic heart failure development in end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis

Creator:
Jan Malík, Vladimír Tuka, Magdaléna Mokrejšová, Robert Holaj, and Vladimír Tesař
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, srdeční selhání, hemodialýza, human physiology, heart failure, hemodialysis, volume overload, pressure overload, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
More than 50 % of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by chronic hemodialysis die from cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure (CHF). The incidence of CHF is rising in both general and ESRD population. However, the mechanisms, which lead to the development of CHF in dialyzed patients, differ considerably. First, there are several factors leading to increase of the left ventricular afterload: volume overload between dialyses, hypertension, increased arterial stiffness, anemia, vascular access flow (arteriovenous fistula) and sympathetic activation. Second, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia and frequently present coronary artery disease worsen myocardial oxygenation. The combination of these factors explains the high incidence of CHF in dialyzed patients and their roles are reviewed in this article., J. Malík ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

91. Medical malpractice: how legal liability affects medical decisions

Creator:
Bertoli, Paola and Grembi, Veronica
Publisher:
CERGE-EI
Format:
electronic, svazek, and 32 stran : ilustrace.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, lékařská péče, zdravotní politika, zdravotnické právo, medical care, health policy, medical law, 616-082, 614, 34:61, (048.8), 14, and 616
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Paola Bertoli, Veronica Grembi., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

95. Mezinárodní den epilepsie

Creator:
Olivová, Jana
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, Fyziologický ústav (Akademie věd ČR), Mezinárodní den epilepsie (2015 : Praha, Česko), věda a společnost, epilepsie, science and society, epilepsy, 14, and 616
Language:
Czech
Description:
Epilepsie je složité neurologické onemocnění s mnoha projevy, jímž v České republice trpí na 80 tisíc lidí; v celosvětovém měřítku se toto číslo pohybuje kolem neuvěřitelných 50 milionů. V řadě případů je příčina neznámá. Pacienty však netrápí jen sama choroba a její příznaky - což nemusí být pouze záchvaty, ale také další projevy včetně úzkostí, deprese, poruch paměti, pozornosti, chování atd. Život jim ztěžuje též určitá stigmatizace, jelikož společnost stále ještě vnímá toto onemocnění značně nepříznivě. and Jana Olivová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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